Phase separation and fluid mixing in subseafloor back arc hydrothermal systems: A microthermometric and oxygen isotope study of fluid inclusions in the barite-sulfide chimneys of the Lau basin

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 104, Issue B8, 1999, Pages 17911-17927

  Lécuyer, Christophe ^a   Dubois, Michel ^b   Marignac, Christian ^c,d   Gruau, Gérard ^e,h   Fouquet, Yves ^f   Ramboz, Claire ^g  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE LYON   (France)

^b UNIV LILLE   (France)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE LORRAINE   (France)

^d CRPG CNRS   (France)

^e CNRS   (France)

^f IFREMER   (France)

^g CRSCM CNRS   (France)

^h UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACKARC BASIN; HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; MIXING; SEPARATION;

LAU BASIN; PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0033405781     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900121     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. 86Sr ratios in hydrothermal waters and deposits from the East Pacific Rise at 21° N, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 55, 229-236, 1981.
2. Baumgartner, L.P., and D. Rumble, Transport of stable isotopes, I, Development of a kinetic continuum theory for stable isotope transport, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 98, 417-430, 1988.
3. Bischoff, J.L., Geothermal systems at 21° N, East Pacific Rise: Physical limits of geothermal fluids and role of adiabatic expansion, Science, 207, 1465-1469, 1980.
4. Bischoff, J.L., and K.S. Pitzer, Phase relations and adiabats in boiling seafloor geothermal systems, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 75, 327-338, 1985.
5. 2O: Summary of the P-T-x surface from 300 to 500°C, Am.J. Sci., 289, 217-248, 1989.
6. Bischoff, J.L., and R.J. Rosenbauer, The critical point and two-phase boundary of seawater, 200-500°C, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 68, 172-180, 1984.
7. Bischoff, J.L., and R.J. Rosenbauer, An empirical equation of state for hydrothermal sawater (3.2 percent NaCl), Am.J. Sci., 285, 725-763, 1985.
8. 2O-NaCl solution, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57, 683-684, 1993.
9. 2O-NaCl: Experimental determination of the halite liquidus and isochores for a 40 wt% NaCl solution, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 1053-1063, 1994.
10. 2O-NaCl to 1000°C and 1500 bars, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 1861-1873, 1985.
11. Boespflug, X., L. Dosso, H. Bougault, and J.L. Joron, Trace element and isotopic (Sr, Nd) geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Lau Basin, Geol. Jahrb., 92, 503-516, 1990.
12. Butterfield, D.A., G.J. Massoth, R.E. McDuff, J.E. Lupton, and M.D. Lilley, Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from axial seamount hydrothermal emissions study vent field, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Subseafloor boiling and subsequent fluid-rock interaction, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 12895-12921, 1990.
13. Cathles, L.M., A.L. Guber, T.C. Lenagh, and F.O. Dudas, Kuroko-type massive sulfide of Japan: Product of an aborted island-arc rift, in Econ. Geol. Monogr., 5, 96-114, 1983.
14. Chiba, H., and H. Sakai, Oxygen isotope exchange between dissolved sulfate and water at hydrothermal temperatures, Geochim. Cosmichim. Acta, 49, 993-1000, 1935.
15. Cline, J.S., and R. Bodnar, Can economic copper mineralization be generated by a typical calc-alkaline melt?, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8113-8126, 1991.
16. Cocker, J.D., B.J. Griffin, and K. Muehlenbachs, Oxygen and carbon isotope evidence for seawater-hydrothermal alteration of the Macquarie Island ophiolite, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 61, 112-122, 1982.
17. Collier, J., and M. Sinha, Seismic images of a magma chamber beneath the Lau Basin back-arc spreading centre, Nature, 346, 646-648, 1990.
18. Crawford, M.L., Phase equilibria in aqueous fluid inclusions, in Short Course in Fluid Inclusions: Applications to Petrology, edited by L.S. Hoilister and M.L. Crawford, pp. 75-100, Mineral. Assoc. of Can., 1981.
19. Delaney, J.R., D.W. Mogk, and M.J. Mottl, Quartz-cemented breccias from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Samples of a high-salinity hydrothermal upflow zone, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9175-9192, 1987.
20. Dhamelincourt, P., J. Beny, J. Dubessy, and B. Poty, Analyse d'inclusions fluides à la microsonde MOLE à effet Raman, Bull. Mineral., 102, 600-610, 1979.
21. 2 ternary phase diagram with special application to fluid inclusion studies, Econ. Geol., 92, 114-119, 1997.
22. Foucher, J.P., and Shipboard Scientific Party, La ride de Valu Fa dans le bassin de Lau méridional (sud-ouest Pacifique), C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 307,(II), 609-616, 1988.
23. Fouillac, A.M., and M. Javoy, Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the volcano-sedimentary complex of Huelva (Iberian Pyrite Belt): Example of water circulation through a volcano-sedimentary sequence. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 87, 473-484, 1988.
24. Fouquet, Y., and E. Marcoux, Lead isotope systematics in Pacific hydrothermal sulfide deposits, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6025-6040, 1995.
25. Fouquet, Y., et al., Hydrothermal activity and metallogenesis in the Lau back-arc basin, Nature, 349, 778-781, 1991a.
26. Fouquet, Y., et al., Hydrothermal activity in the Lau back-arc basin: Sulfides and water chemistry, Geology, 19, 303-306, 1991b.
27. Fouquet, Y., U. von Stackelberg, J.L. Charlou, J. Erzinger, P.M. Herzig, R. Muhe, and M. Wiedicke, Metallogenesis in back-arc environments: The Lau basin example, Econ. Geol., 88, 2154-2181, 1993.
28. Franklin, J.M., J.W. Lydon, and D.F. Sangster, Volcanic associated massive sulfide deposits, Econ. Geol. 75th Anniv. Vol., 485-627, 1981.
29. Frenzel, J.M., R. Mühe, and P. Stoffers, Petrology of the volcanic rocks from the Lau basin. Southwest Pacific, Geol. Jahrb., 92, 395-479, 1990.
30. Fujino, K., E.L. Lewis, and R.G. Perkins, The freezing point depression of seawater at pressures up to 100 bars, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1792-1797, 1974.
31. Goldfarb, M.S., and J.R. Delaney, Response of two-phase fluids to fracture configurations within submarine hydrothermal systems, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 4585-4594, 1988.
32. Halbach, P., et al., Probable modem analogue of Kuroko-type massive sulphide deposits in the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin, Nature, 338, 496-499, 1989.
33. Hawkins, J.W., and J.T. Melchior, Petrology of Mariana trough and Lau basin basalts, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11431-11468, 1985.
34. Haynes, F.M., Determination of fluid inclusion composition by sequential freezing, Econ. Geol., 80, 1436-1439, 1985.
35. Hedenquist, J.W., Adiabatic boiling and ocean metal transport, Nature, 310, 636, 1984.
36. Herzig, P., U. von Stackelberg, and S. Petersen, Hydrothermal mineralization from the Valu Fa Ridge, Lau back-arc basin (SW Pacific), Mar. Min., 9, 271-301, 1990.
37. Herzig, P.M., M.D. Hannington, Y. Fouquet, U. von Stackelberg, and S. Petersen, Gold in seafloor polymetillic sulfides from the Lau back-arc and implication for the geochemistry of gold in volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, Econ. Geol., 88, 2182-2209, 1993.
38. Honnorez, J., J.C. Alt, B.-M. Honnorez-Guerstein, C. Laverne, K. Muehlenbachs, J. Ruiz, and E. Saltzman, Stockwork-like sulfide mineralization in young oceanic crust: Deep sea drilling project hole 504B, Initiat Rep. Deep Sea Drill. Proj., LXXXIII, 263-282, 1985.
39. Horita, J., D.R. Cole, and D.J. Wesolowski, The activity-composition relationship of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in aqueous salt solutions, III, Vapor-liquid water equilibration of NaCl solutions to 350°C, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 1139-1151, 1995.
40. Jenner, G.A., P.A. Cawood, M. Rautenschlein, and W.M. White, Composition of back-arc volcanics, Valu Fa Ridge, Lau Basin: Evidence for a slab-derived component in their mantle source, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 32, 209-222, 1987.
41. Kishima, N., and H. Sakai, Oxygen-18 and deuterium determination on a single water sample of a few milligrams. Anal. Chem., 52, 356-358, 1980.
42. Lassey, K.R., and P. Blattner, Kinetically controlled oxygen isotope exchange between fluid and rock in one-dimensional advective flow, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 2169-2175, 1988.
43. Lecuyer, C., and S. Fourcade, Oxygen isotope evidence for multi-stage hydrothermal alteration at a fossil slow-spreading center: The Silurian Trinity ophiolite (California, U.S.A.), Chem. Geol., 87, 231-246, 1991.
44. Loock, G., W.F. Mc Donough, S.L. Goldstein, and A.W. Hofmann, Isotopic composition of volcanic glasses from the Lau Basin, Mar. Min., 9, 235-245, 1990.
45. Lowell, R.P., P.A. Rona, and R.P. von Herzen, Seafloor hydrothermal systems, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 327-352, 1995.
46. McMurtry, G.M., P.N. Sedwick, P. Fryer, D.L. Von der Haar, and H.-W. Yeh, Unusual geochemistry of hydrothermal vents on submarine arc volcanoes: Kasuga Seamounts, northern Mariana Arc, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 114, 517-528, 1993.
47. Morton, J., and W. Pohl, Magnetic anomaly identification in the Lau Basin and North Fiji basin, Southwest Pacific Ocean, Geol. Jahrb., 92, 93-108, 1990.
48. Morton, J., and N.H. Sleep. Seismic reflections from a Lau Basin magma chamber, in Geology and Offshore Resources of Pacific Island Arcs: Tonga Region, Earth Sci. Ser., vol. 2, edited by D. School and T. Vallier, pp. 441-453, 1935.
49. Nehlig, P., Interactions between magma chambers and hydrothermal systems: Oceanic and ophiolitic constraints, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 19621-19633, 1993.
50. O'Neil, J.R., and L.H. Adami, The oxygen isotope partition function ratio of water and the structure of liquid water, J. Phys. Chem., 73, 1553-1558, 1969.
51. O'Neil, J.R., and H.P.J. Taylor, The oxygen isotope and cation exchange chemistry of feldspars, Am. Mineral., 52, 1414-1437, 1967.
52. Parson, L.M., J.A. Pearce, B.J. Murton, and R.A. Hodkinson, Role of ridge jumps and ridge propagation in the tectonic evolution of the Lau back-arc basin. Southwest Pacific, Geology, 18, 470-473, 1990.
53. Petersen, S., P.M. Herzig, and M.D. Hannington, Fluid inclusion studies as a guide to the temperature regime within the TAG hydrothermal mound, 26° N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 158, 163-176, 1988.
54. Poty, B., J. Leroy, and L. Jachimowicz, Un nouvel appareil pour la mesure des températures sous le microscope, l'installation de microthermométrie Chaix-Meca, Bull. Soc. Fr. Mineral. Crirtallogr., 99, 182-186, 1976.
55. Roedder, E., Fluid inclusions, in Reviews in Mineralogy, vol. 12, Mineral. Soc. of Am., 644 pp., Washington, D.C., 1984.
56. Rona, P.A., Hydrothermal mineralization at oceanic ridges. Can. Mineral., 26, 431-465, 1988.
57. Sawkins, F.J., Metal Deposits in Relation to Plate Tectonics, Minerals and Rocks, vol. 17, 461pp., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990.
58. Schiffman, P., A.E. Williams, and R.C. Evarts, Oxygen isotope evidence for submarine hydrothermal alteration of the Del Puerto ophiolite, California, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 70, 207-220, 1984.
59. Scott, S.D., Sea-floor polymetallic sulfide deposits: Modern and ancient, Mar. Min., 5, 191-212, 1985.
60. Scott, S.D., Sea-floor polymetallic sulfides: Scientific curiosities or mines of the future?, in Marine Minerals: Advances in Research and Resources Assessment, edited by P.G. Teleki, M.R. Dobson, J.R. Moore, and U. von Stackelberg, NATO ASI Ser. C, 194, 277-300, 1987.
61. Seyfried, W.E., Jr., and M.J. Mottl, Hydrothermal alteration of basalt by seawater under sawater-dominated conditions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 985-1002, 1982.
62. Sheppard, S.M.F., Characterization and isotopic variations in natural waters, in Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes, edited by J.W. Valley, H.P. Taylor, and J.R. O'Neil, pp. 165-183, Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D.C., 1986.
63. 2O system under vapor-saturated conditions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 989-1005, 1988.
64. Sunkel, G., Origin of petrological and geochemical variations of Lau basin lavas (SW Pacific), Mar. Min., 9, 205-234, 1990.
65. 2O in granitic batholiths, J. Geol. Soc. London, 133, 509-558, 1977.
66. Tivey, M.K., R.A. Mills, and D.A.H. Teagle, Temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions in anhydrite as indicators of seawater entrainment and heating in the TAG active mound, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 158, 179-190, 1998.
67. 2O, with application to fluid inclusions from oceanic hydrothermal systems, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 2451-2456, 1988.
68. Volpe, A. M., J.D. Macdougall, and J.W. Hawkins, Lau basin basalts (LBB): Trace element and Sr-Nd isotope evidence for heterogeneity in back-arc basin mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 90, 174-176, 1988.
69. von Damm, K.L., L.G. Buttermore, S.E. Oosting, A.M. Bray, D.J. Fornari, M.D. Lilley, and W.C. Shanks, III, Direct observation of the evolution of a seafloor "black smoker" from vapor to brine, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 149, 101-111, 1997.
70. von Stackelberg, U., and Shipboard Scientific Party, Active hydrothermalism in the Lau back-arc basin (SW-Pacific): First results from the SONNE 48 cruise (1987), Mar. Min., 7, 431-442, 1988.
71. von Stackelberg, U., and U. von Rad, Geological evolution and hydrothermal activity in the Lau and North Fiji Basins (SONNE cruise SO-35)- A synthesis, Geol. Jahrb., 92, 629-660, 1990.
72. 2O using synthetic fluid inclusions, Chem. Geol., 64, 335-350, 1987.