A two-year, double-blind comparison of estrogen-androgen and conjugated estrogens in surgically menopausal women: Effects on bone mineral density, symptoms and lipid profiles

Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist

Volumn 44, Issue 12, 1999, Pages 1012-1020

  Barrett Connor, Elizabeth ^b   Young, Ronald ^c   Notelovitz, Morris ^a   Sullivan, Jay ^c   Wiita, Brinda ^c   Yang, Hwa Ming ^c   Nolan, Joseph ^c  

^a Adult Women's Medicine   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

Androgens; Bone mineral density; Conjugated estrogens; Lipids; Menopause

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; ESTRATEST; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ARTICLE; BONE ATROPHY; BONE DENSITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; FEMALE; HIRSUTISM; HUMAN; MENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCORING SYSTEM; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WELLBEING;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ADULT; BONE DENSITY; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; EQUILIN; ESTROGENS, CONJUGATED (USP); FEMALE; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; HUMANS; LIBIDO; LIPIDS; MENOPAUSE; METHYLTESTOSTERONE; MIDDLE AGED; OVARIECTOMY; QUALITY OF LIFE; TESTOSTERONE CONGENERS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0033403242     PISSN: 00247758     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Zumoff B, Strain GW, Miller LK, et al: Twenty-four hour mean plasma testosterone concentration declines with age in normal premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:1429-1430
2. Vermeulen A: The hormonal activity of the postmenopausal ovary. J. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976;42:247-253
3. Judd HL, Lucas WE, Yen SSC: Effect of oophorectomy on circulating testosterone and androstenedione levels in patients with endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974;118: 793-798
4. Judd H L, Judd GE, Lucas WE, et al: Endocrine function of the postmenopausal ovary: Concentration of androgens and estrogens in ovarian and peripheral vein blood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974;39:1020-1024
5. Barrett-Connor E, Timmons C, Young R, et al: Interim safety analysis of a two-year study comparing oral estrogen-androgen and conjugated estrogens in surgically menopausal women. J Women's Health 1996;5:593-602
6. Oldenhave A, Jaszmann LJB, Everaerd WTAM, et al: Hysterectomized women with ovarian conservation report more severe climacteric complaints than do normal climacteric women of similar age. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;168: 765-771
7. Johanssen BW, Kaji L, Kullander S, et al: On some effects of bilateral oophorectomy in the age range 15-30 years. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1975;54:449-461
8. Tazuke S, Khaw K-T, Barrett-Connor E: Exogenous estrogen and endogenous sex hormones. Medicine 1992;71:44-51
9. Casson PR, Elkind-Hirsch KE, Buster JE, et al: Effect of postmenopausal estrogen replacement on circulating androgens. Obstet Gynecol 1997;90:995-998
10. Bond A, Davis C: Sex hormone binding globulin in clinical perspective. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1987;66:255-252
11. Genant HK, Lucas J, Weiss S et al: Low-dose esterified estrogen therapy. Effects on bone, plasma estradiol concentrations, endometrium, and lipid levels. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2609-2615
12. Davidson BJ, Ross RK, Paganini-Hill A, et al: Total and free estrogens and androgens in postmenopausal women with hip fractures. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982:54:115-120
13. Floter A, Nathorst-Boos J, Carlstrom K, et al: Androgen status and sexual life in perimenopausal women. Menopause 1997;4:95-100
14. Raisz LG, Wiita B, Artis A, et al: Comparison of the effects of estrogen alone and estrogen plus androgen on biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:37-43
15. Davis SR, McCloud P, Strauss B, et al: Testosterone enhances estradiol's effects on postmenopausal bone density and sexuality. Maturitas 1995;21:227-236
16. Burger HG, Hailes J, Menelaus M, et al: The management of persistent menopausal symptoms with oestradioltestosterone implants: Clinical, lipid and hormonal results. Maturitas 1984;6:351-358
17. Sherwin BB, Gelfand MM: Differential symptom response to parenteral estrogen and/or androgen administration in the surgical menopause. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;151:153-157
18. Watts NB, Notelovitz M, Timmons MC, et al: Comparison of oral estrogens and estrogens plus androgen on bone mineral density, menopausal symptoms, and lipid-lipoprotein profiles in surgical menopause. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85:529-537
19. Erdtsieck RJ, Pols HAP, Van Kuijk DH, et al: Course of bone mass during and after hormonal replacement therapy with and without addition of nandrolone decanoate. J Bone Miner Res 1994;9:277-283
20. Sarrel P, Dobay B, Wiita B: Estrogen and estrogen-androgen replacement in postmenopausal women dissatisfied with estrogen-only therapy: Sexual behavior and neuroendocrine responses. J Reprod Med 1998;43:847-856
21. Kupperman HS, Wetchler BB, Blatt MHG: Contemporary therapy of the menopausal syndrome. JAMA 1959;171: 1627-1637
22. Ferriman D, Gallwey JD: Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1961;21: 1440-1447
23. Sherwin BB, Gelfand MM: A prospective one-year study of estrogen and progestin in postmenopausal women: Effects on clinical symptoms and lipoprotein lipids. Obstet Gynecol 1989;73:759-766
24. Lindsay R, Hart DM, Clark DM: The minimum effective dose of estrogen for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. Obstet Gynecol 1984;63:759-763
25. Lufkin EG. Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, et al: Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with transdermal estrogen. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:1-9
26. Kiel DP, Felson DT, Anderson JJ, et al: Hip fracture and the use of estrogens in postmenopausal women: The Framingham study. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1169-1174
27. Weiss NS, Ure CL, Ballard JH, et al: Decreased risk of fractures of the hip and lower forearm with postmenopausal use of estrogen. N Engl J Med 1980;303:1195-1198
28. Ettinger B, Genant HK, Cann CE: Long-term estrogen replacement therapy prevents bone loss and fractures. Ann Intern Med 1985;102:319-324
29. Chesnut CH III, Ivey JL, Gruber HE, et al: Stanozolol in postmenopausal osteoporosis: Therapeutic efficacy and possible mechanisms of action. Metabolism 1983;32:571-580
30. Need AG, Horowitz M, Bridgesd A, et al: Effects of nandrolone decanoate and antiresorptive therapy on vertebral density in osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 1989;149:57-60
31. Longcope CL, Baker RS, Hui SL, et al: Androgen and estrogen dynamics in women with vertebral crush fractures. Maturitas 1984;6:309-318
32. Baran DT, Bergfeld MA, Teitelbaum SL, et al: Effect of testosterone therapy on bone formation in an osteoporotic hypogonadal male. Calcif Tiss Res 1978;26:103-106
33. Geist SH, Salmon UJ: Androgen therapy in gynecology. JAMA 1941;117:2207-2213
34. Birnberg CA, Kurzrok R: Low-dosage androgen-estrogen therapy in the older age group. J Am Geriatr Soc 1955; 656-666
35. Barrett-Connor E, Grady D: Hormone replacement therapy, heart disease and other considerations. Annu Rev Public Health 1998;19:55-72
36. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al: Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. JAMA 1998;280: 605-613
37. Gotto AM Jr, Downs JR, Clearfield M, et al: Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: Results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS: Air Force/Texas coronary atherosclerosis prevention study. JAMA 1998;279:1615-1622
38. Jeppesen J, Hein HO, Suadicani P, et al: Triglyceride concentration and ischemic heart disease: An eight-year follow-up in the Copenhagen male study. Circulation 1998;97: 1029-1036
39. Gaziano JM, Hennekens CH, O'Donnell CJ, et al: Fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation 1997;96:2520-2525
40. Gotto AM: Triglyceride: The forgotten risk factor. Circulation 1998;97:1027-1028
41. Williams JK, Adams MR, Herrington DM, et al: Short-term administration of estrogen and vascular responses of atherosclerotic coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;24: 1757-1761
42. Herrington DM, Braden GA, Downes TR, et al: Estrogen modulates coronary vasomotor responses in post-menopausal women with early atherosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 1994;73:951-952
43. Lieberman EH, Gerhard MD, Ushala A, et al: Estrogen improves endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilation in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1994;121: 936-941
44. Miyagawa K, Rosch J, Stanczyk F, et al: Medroxyprogesterone interferes with ovarian steroid protection against coronary vasospasm. Nature Med 1997;3:324-327
45. Sullivan JM, Shala BA, Miller LA, et al: Progestin enhances vasoconstrictor responses in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen replacement therapy. Menopause 1995;2: 193-199
46. Honore EK, Williams JK, Adams MR, et al: Methyltestosterone does not diminish the beneficial effects of estrogen replacement therapy on coronary artery reactivity in cynomolgus monkeys. Menopause 1996;3:20-26
47. Sarrel PM, Wiita B: Vasodilator effects of estrogen are not diminished by androgen in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 1997;68:1125-1127
48. Yue P, Chatterjee K, Beale C, et al: Testosterone relaxes rabbit coronary arteries and aorta. Circulation 1995;91: 1154-1160
49. Chou TM, Krishnankutty S, Hutchison SJ, et al: Testosterone induces dilation of canine coronary conductance and resistance arteries in vivo. Circulation 1996;94:2614-2619
50. Rako S: Testosterone deficiency: A key factor in the increased cardiovascular risk to women following hysterectomy or with natural aging? J Women's Health 1998;7:825-829
51. Phillips E, Bauman C: Safety surveillance of esterified estrogens-methyltestosterone (Estratesr® and Estratest® HS) replacement therapy in the United States. Clin Ther 1997;19: 1070-1077
52. Ettinger B, Fireman B: Estrogen-androgen hepatotoxicity? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:627-628
53. Gelfand M, Wiita B: Androgen and estrogen-androgen hormone replacement therapy: A review of the safety literature, 1941-1996. Clin Ther 1997;19:383-403