메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 88, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 365-374

Abrupt climate changes: From the past to the future - a review

Author keywords

Abrupt climate change; Deglaciation; Paleoclimate; Thermohaline circulation; Younger Dryas

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; DEGLACIATION; PALEOCLIMATE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; YOUNGER DRYAS;

EID: 0033401291     PISSN: 14373254     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s005310050271     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (35)

References (96)
  • 1
    • 0033375107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The deglaciation of the northern hemisphere: A global perspective
    • Alley RB, Clark PU (1999) The deglaciation of the northern hemisphere: a global perspective. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 27:149-182
    • (1999) Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci , vol.27 , pp. 149-182
    • Alley, R.B.1    Clark, P.U.2
  • 3
    • 0032100206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The North Atlantic Oscillation and its imprint on precipitation and ice accumulation in Greenland
    • Appenzeller C, Schwander J, Sommer S, Stocker TF (1998a) The North Atlantic Oscillation and its imprint on precipitation and ice accumulation in Greenland. Geophys Res Lett 25:1939-1942
    • (1998) Geophys Res Lett , vol.25 , pp. 1939-1942
    • Appenzeller, C.1    Schwander, J.2    Sommer, S.3    Stocker, T.F.4
  • 4
    • 0032538378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North Atlantic Oscillation recorded in Greenland ice cores
    • Appenzeller C, Stocker TF, Anklin M (1998b) North Atlantic Oscillation recorded in Greenland ice cores. Science 282:446-449
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 446-449
    • Appenzeller, C.1    Stocker, T.F.2    Anklin, M.3
  • 6
    • 0029778528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief interstadial events in the Santa Barbara basin, NE Pacific, during the past 60 kyr
    • Behl RJ, Kennet JP (1996) Brief interstadial events in the Santa Barbara basin, NE Pacific, during the past 60 kyr. Nature 379:243-246
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 243-246
    • Behl, R.J.1    Kennet, J.P.2
  • 8
    • 0027835002 scopus 로고
    • Insolation and earth's orbital periods
    • Berger A, Loutre M-F. Tricot C (1993) Insolation and Earth's orbital periods. J Geophys Res 98:10341-10362
    • (1993) J Geophys Res , vol.98 , pp. 10341-10362
    • Berger, A.1    Loutre, M.-F.2    Tricot, C.3
  • 9
    • 0028976682 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the atmospheric methane concentration during the Holocene
    • Blunier T, Chappellaz J, Schwander J, Stauffer B, Raynaud D (1995) Variations in the atmospheric methane concentration during the Holocene. Nature 374:46-49
    • (1995) Nature , vol.374 , pp. 46-49
    • Blunier, T.1    Chappellaz, J.2    Schwander, J.3    Stauffer, B.4    Raynaud, D.5
  • 13
    • 0027845692 scopus 로고
    • Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice
    • Bond G et al. (1993) Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice. Nature 365:143-147
    • (1993) Nature , vol.365 , pp. 143-147
    • Bond, G.1
  • 14
    • 0028870923 scopus 로고
    • Iceberg discharges into the North Atlantic on millennial time scales during the last glaciation
    • Bond GC, Lotti R (1995) Iceberg discharges into the North Atlantic on millennial time scales during the last glaciation. Science 267:1005-1010
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1005-1010
    • Bond, G.C.1    Lotti, R.2
  • 15
    • 0030477472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep-water formation and meridional overturning in a high-resolution model of the North Atlantic
    • Boning C, Bryan FO, Holland WR, Doscher R (1996) Deep-water formation and meridional overturning in a high-resolution model of the North Atlantic. J Phys Oceanogr 26:1142-1164
    • (1996) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.26 , pp. 1142-1164
    • Boning, C.1    Bryan, F.O.2    Holland, W.R.3    Doscher, R.4
  • 16
    • 0003166323 scopus 로고
    • The biggest chill
    • Broecker WS (1987) The biggest chill. Natural Hist 96:74-82
    • (1987) Natural Hist , vol.96 , pp. 74-82
    • Broecker, W.S.1
  • 17
    • 0001925746 scopus 로고
    • The great ocean conveyor
    • Broecker WS (1991) The great ocean conveyor. Oceanography 4:79-89
    • (1991) Oceanography , vol.4 , pp. 79-89
    • Broecker, W.S.1
  • 18
    • 0028161912 scopus 로고
    • Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change
    • Broecker WS (1994) Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change. Nature 372:1421-424
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 1421-1424
    • Broecker, W.S.1
  • 19
    • 0031688320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleocean circulation during the last deglaciation: A bipolar seasaw?
    • Broecker WS (1998) Paleocean circulation during the last deglaciation: a bipolar seasaw? Paleoceanography 13:119-121
    • (1998) Paleoceanography , vol.13 , pp. 119-121
    • Broecker, W.S.1
  • 20
    • 0022214917 scopus 로고
    • Does the ocean-atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation?
    • Broecker WS, Peteet DM, Rind D (1985) Does the ocean-atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation? Nature 315:21-25
    • (1985) Nature , vol.315 , pp. 21-25
    • Broecker, W.S.1    Peteet, D.M.2    Rind, D.3
  • 21
    • 0024785097 scopus 로고
    • The role of ocean-atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles
    • Broecker WS, Denton GH (1989) The role of ocean-atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:2465-2501
    • (1989) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.53 , pp. 2465-2501
    • Broecker, W.S.1    Denton, G.H.2
  • 23
    • 0022776104 scopus 로고
    • High-latitude salinity effects and interhemispheric thermohaline circulations
    • Bryan F (1986) High-latitude salinity effects and interhemispheric thermohaline circulations. Nature 323:301-304
    • (1986) Nature , vol.323 , pp. 301-304
    • Bryan, F.1
  • 24
    • 0032475990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for the tropics
    • Cane MA (1998) A role for the tropics. Science 282:59-61
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 59-61
    • Cane, M.A.1
  • 25
    • 0001035074 scopus 로고
    • On a possible reversal of deep-sea circulation and its influence on geologic climates
    • Chamberlin TC (1906) On a possible reversal of deep-sea circulation and its influence on geologic climates. J Geol 14:363-373
    • (1906) J Geol , vol.14 , pp. 363-373
    • Chamberlin, T.C.1
  • 27
    • 0029831285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate connections between the hemisphere revealed by deep sea sediment core/ice core correlations
    • Charles CD, Lynch-Stieglitz J, Ninnemann US, Fairbanks R (1996) Climate connections between the hemisphere revealed by deep sea sediment core/ice core correlations. Earth Planet Sci Lett 142:19-27
    • (1996) Earth Planet Sci Lett , vol.142 , pp. 19-27
    • Charles, C.D.1    Lynch-Stieglitz, J.2    Ninnemann, U.S.3    Fairbanks, R.4
  • 28
    • 0029481879 scopus 로고
    • Sedimentary record of rapid climatic variability in the North Atlantic during the last glacial cycle
    • Cortijo E, Yiou P, Labeyrie L, Cremer M (1995) Sedimentary record of rapid climatic variability in the North Atlantic during the last glacial cycle. Paleoceanography 10:911-926
    • (1995) Paleoceanography , vol.10 , pp. 911-926
    • Cortijo, E.1    Yiou, P.2    Labeyrie, L.3    Cremer, M.4
  • 29
    • 0027075711 scopus 로고
    • North Atlantic deep water cools the southern hemisphere
    • Crowley TJ ( 1992) North Atlantic deep water cools the southern hemisphere. Paleoceanography 7:489-497
    • (1992) Paleoceanography , vol.7 , pp. 489-497
    • Crowley, T.J.1
  • 31
    • 0024483630 scopus 로고
    • The abrupt termination of the Younger Dryas climate event
    • Dansgaard W, White JWC, Johnsen SJ (1989) The abrupt termination of the Younger Dryas climate event. Nature 339:532-534
    • (1989) Nature , vol.339 , pp. 532-534
    • Dansgaard, W.1    White, J.W.C.2    Johnsen, S.J.3
  • 34
    • 0030875821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal-geographical melt-water influences on the North Atlantic conveyor: Implications for the Younger Dryas
    • Fanning AF, Weaver AJ (1997) Temporal-geographical melt-water influences on the North Atlantic conveyor: implications for the Younger Dryas. Paleoceanography 12:307-320
    • (1997) Paleoceanography , vol.12 , pp. 307-320
    • Fanning, A.F.1    Weaver, A.J.2
  • 35
    • 0000534007 scopus 로고
    • Intcrocean exchange of thermocline water
    • Gordon AL (1986) Intcrocean exchange of thermocline water. J Geophys Res 91:5037-5046
    • (1986) J Geophys Res , vol.91 , pp. 5037-5046
    • Gordon, A.L.1
  • 36
    • 0027842945 scopus 로고
    • A 50,000-year record of climate oscillations from Florida and its temporal correlation with the Heinrich events
    • Grimm EC, Jacobson GL Jr, Watts WA, Hanson BCS, Maasch KA (1993) A 50,000-year record of climate oscillations from Florida and its temporal correlation with the Heinrich events. Science 261:198-200
    • (1993) Science , vol.261 , pp. 198-200
    • Grimm, E.C.1    Jacobson G.L., Jr.2    Watts, W.A.3    Hanson, B.C.S.4    Maasch, K.A.5
  • 37
    • 0020098315 scopus 로고
    • Direct estimates and mechanisms of ocean heat transport
    • Hall MM, Bryden HL (1982) Direct estimates and mechanisms of ocean heat transport. Deep-Sea Res 29:339-359
    • (1982) Deep-Sea Res , vol.29 , pp. 339-359
    • Hall, M.M.1    Bryden, H.L.2
  • 38
    • 0028563832 scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity method (ECM) stratigraphic dating of the Byrd Station ice core
    • Hammer CU, Clausen HB, Langway CC (1994) Electrical conductivity method (ECM) stratigraphic dating of the Byrd Station ice core. Antarctica. Ann Glaciol 20:115-120
    • (1994) Antarctica. Ann Glaciol , vol.20 , pp. 115-120
    • Hammer, C.U.1    Clausen, H.B.2    Langway, C.C.3
  • 39
    • 0031396075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-fingerprint detection and attribution analysis of greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol and solar forced climate change
    • Hegerl GC, Hasselmann K, Cubasch U, Mitchell JFB, Roeckner E, Voss R, Waszkewitz J (1997) Multi-fingerprint detection and attribution analysis of greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol and solar forced climate change. Clim Dyn 13:613-634
    • (1997) Clim Dyn , vol.13 , pp. 613-634
    • Hegerl, G.C.1    Hasselmann, K.2    Cubasch, U.3    Mitchell, J.F.B.4    Roeckner, E.5    Voss, R.6    Waszkewitz, J.7
  • 40
    • 0024249884 scopus 로고
    • Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years
    • Heinrich H (1988) Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years. Quaternary Res 29:142-152
    • (1988) Quaternary Res , vol.29 , pp. 142-152
    • Heinrich, H.1
  • 41
    • 0029668978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid climate changes in the tropical Atlantic region during the last deglaciation
    • Hughen KA, Overpeck JT, Peterson LC, Trumbore S (1996) Rapid climate changes in the tropical Atlantic region during the last deglaciation. Nature 380:51-54
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 51-54
    • Hughen, K.A.1    Overpeck, J.T.2    Peterson, L.C.3    Trumbore, S.4
  • 43
    • 0028194022 scopus 로고
    • Multiple equilibria of an asymmetric two-basin ocean model
    • Hughes TMC, Weaver AJ (1994) Multiple equilibria of an asymmetric two-basin ocean model. J Phys Oceanogr 24:619-637
    • (1994) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.24 , pp. 619-637
    • Hughes, T.M.C.1    Weaver, A.J.2
  • 47
    • 0000881924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The atmospheric carbon dioxide perturbation
    • Joos F (1996) The atmospheric carbon dioxide perturbation. Europhys News 27:213-218
    • (1996) Europhys News , vol.27 , pp. 213-218
    • Joos, F.1
  • 49
    • 0032504078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warming's unpleasant surprise: Shivering in the greenhouse?
    • Kerr RA (1998) Warming's unpleasant surprise: shivering in the greenhouse? Science 281:156-158
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 156-158
    • Kerr, R.A.1
  • 50
    • 0020971839 scopus 로고
    • Deep convection in the world ocean
    • Killworth PD (1983) Deep convection in the world ocean. Rev Geophys Space Phys 21:1-26
    • (1983) Rev Geophys Space Phys , vol.21 , pp. 1-26
    • Killworth, P.D.1
  • 51
    • 85086349109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future climate changes: Are we entering an exceptionally long interglacial?
    • in press
    • Loutre MF, Berger A Future climate changes: Are we entering an exceptionally long interglacial? Clim Change (in press)
    • Clim Change
    • Loutre, M.F.1    Berger, A.2
  • 52
    • 0029817336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimate of global ocean circulation and heat fluxes
    • Macdonald AM, Wunsch C (1996) An estimate of global ocean circulation and heat fluxes. Nature 382:436-439
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 436-439
    • Macdonald, A.M.1    Wunsch, C.2
  • 53
    • 0000284534 scopus 로고
    • Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model
    • Manabe S, Stouffer RJ (1988) Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J Clim 1: 841-866
    • (1988) J Clim , vol.1 , pp. 841-866
    • Manabe, S.1    Stouffer, R.J.2
  • 54
    • 0027789088 scopus 로고
    • 2 on the ocean-atmosphere system
    • 2 on the ocean-atmosphere system. Nature 364:215-218
    • (1993) Nature , vol.364 , pp. 215-218
    • Manabe, S.1    Stouffer, R.J.2
  • 55
    • 0032560125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries
    • Mann ME, Bradley RS, Hughes MK (1998) Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries. Nature 392:779-787
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 779-787
    • Mann, M.E.1    Bradley, R.S.2    Hughes, M.K.3
  • 58
    • 0032507953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Millennial-scale changes in North Atlantic circulation since the last glaciation
    • Marchitto TM, Curry WB, Oppo DW (1998) Millennial-scale changes in North Atlantic circulation since the last glaciation. Nature 393:557-561
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 557-561
    • Marchitto, T.M.1    Curry, W.B.2    Oppo, D.W.3
  • 59
    • 0000787280 scopus 로고
    • Multiple equilibria of the global thermohaline circulation
    • Marotzke J, Willebrand J (1991) Multiple equilibria of the global thermohaline circulation. J Phys Oceanogr 21:1372-1385
    • (1991) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.21 , pp. 1372-1385
    • Marotzke, J.1    Willebrand, J.2
  • 60
    • 84981576398 scopus 로고
    • Instability and multiple equilibria in a meridional-plane model of the thermohaline circulation
    • Marotzke J, Welander P, Willebrand J (1988) Instability and multiple equilibria in a meridional-plane model of the thermohaline circulation. Tellus 40A: 162-172
    • (1988) Tellus , vol.40 A , pp. 162-172
    • Marotzke, J.1    Welander, P.2    Willebrand, J.3
  • 61
    • 0028574921 scopus 로고
    • Mixed boundary conditions in ocean general circulation models and their influence on the stability of the model's conveyor belt
    • Mikolajewicz U, Maier-Reimer E (1994) Mixed boundary conditions in ocean general circulation models and their influence on the stability of the model's conveyor belt. J Geophys Res 99:22633-22644
    • (1994) J Geophys Res , vol.99 , pp. 22633-22644
    • Mikolajewicz, U.1    Maier-Reimer, E.2
  • 62
    • 0001874410 scopus 로고
    • An overview of climatic variability and its causal mechanisms
    • Mitchell JM (1976) An overview of climatic variability and its causal mechanisms. Quaternary Res 6:481-493
    • (1976) Quaternary Res , vol.6 , pp. 481-493
    • Mitchell, J.M.1
  • 66
    • 0029660263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winter-severity in Europe: The fourteenth century
    • Pfister C, Schwarz-Zanetti G, Wegmann M (1996) Winter-severity in Europe: the fourteenth century. Clim Change 34:91-108
    • (1996) Clim Change , vol.34 , pp. 91-108
    • Pfister, C.1    Schwarz-Zanetti, G.2    Wegmann, M.3
  • 67
    • 0000539089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicentury stable isotope record from a New Caledonia coral: Interannual and decadal sea surface temperature variability in the southwest Pacific since 1657 A.D
    • Quinn TM, Crowley TJ, Taylor FW, Henin C, Joannot P, Join Y (1998) A multicentury stable isotope record from a New Caledonia coral: interannual and decadal sea surface temperature variability in the southwest Pacific since 1657 A.D. Paleoceanography 13:412-426
    • (1998) Paleoceanography , vol.13 , pp. 412-426
    • Quinn, T.M.1    Crowley, T.J.2    Taylor, F.W.3    Henin, C.4    Joannot, P.5    Join, Y.6
  • 68
    • 0028163921 scopus 로고
    • Rapid climate transitions in a coupled oceanatmosphere model
    • Rahmstorf S (1994) Rapid climate transitions in a coupled oceanatmosphere model. Nature 372:82-85
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 82-85
    • Rahmstorf, S.1
  • 69
    • 0000768674 scopus 로고
    • The role of temperature feedback in stabilizing the thermohaline circulation
    • Rahmstorf S, Willebrand J (1995) The role of temperature feedback in stabilizing the thermohaline circulation. J Phys Oceanogr 25:787-805
    • (1995) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.25 , pp. 787-805
    • Rahmstorf, S.1    Willebrand, J.2
  • 71
    • 0000189814 scopus 로고
    • Hydrology and ocean circulation
    • Rooth C (1982) Hydrology and ocean circulation. Prog Oceanogr 11:131-149
    • (1982) Prog Oceanogr , vol.11 , pp. 131-149
    • Rooth, C.1
  • 72
    • 0019859060 scopus 로고
    • The mode and mechanism of the last deglaciation: Oceanic evidence
    • Ruddiman WF, McIntyre A (1981) The mode and mechanism of the last deglaciation: oceanic evidence. Quaternary Res 16:125-134
    • (1981) Quaternary Res , vol.16 , pp. 125-134
    • Ruddiman, W.F.1    McIntyre, A.2
  • 73
    • 0030729592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation in a coupled oceanatmosphere general circulation model
    • Schiller A, Mikolajewicz U, Voss R (1997) The stability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation in a coupled oceanatmosphere general circulation model. Clim Dyn 13:325-347
    • (1997) Clim Dyn , vol.13 , pp. 325-347
    • Schiller, A.1    Mikolajewicz, U.2    Voss, R.3
  • 74
    • 0029475996 scopus 로고
    • On the interbasin-scale thermohaline circulation
    • Schmitz WJ (1995) On the interbasin-scale thermohaline circulation. Rev Geophys 33:151-173
    • (1995) Rev Geophys , vol.33 , pp. 151-173
    • Schmitz, W.J.1
  • 77
    • 0029485128 scopus 로고
    • Climate records covering the last deglaciation
    • Sowers T, Bender M (1995) Climate records covering the last deglaciation. Science 269:210-213
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 210-213
    • Sowers, T.1    Bender, M.2
  • 81
    • 0000022235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of century time-scale variability in the climate system: Observations and models
    • Anderson DLT, Willebrand J (eds) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • Stocker TF (1996b) An overview of century time-scale variability in the climate system: observations and models. In: Anderson DLT, Willebrand J (eds) Decadal climate variability: dynamics and predictability. Volume I 44 of NATO ASI. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 379-406
    • (1996) Decadal Climate Variability: Dynamics and Predictability. Volume I 44 of NATO ASI , vol.1 , pp. 379-406
    • Stocker, T.F.1
  • 82
    • 0032476001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sea saw effect
    • Stocker TF (1998) The sea saw effect. Science 282:61-62
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 61-62
    • Stocker, T.F.1
  • 83
    • 0343489332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Past and future reorganisations in the climate system
    • in press
    • Stocker TF Past and future reorganisations in the climate system. Quaternary Sci Rev (in press)
    • Quaternary Sci Rev
    • Stocker, T.F.1
  • 84
    • 0030883493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 emission rates on the stability of the thermohaline circulation
    • 2 emission rates on the stability of the thermohaline circulation. Nature 388:862-865
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 862-865
    • Stocker, T.F.1    Schmittner, A.2
  • 85
    • 0000152322 scopus 로고
    • Rapid transitions of the ocean's deep circulation induced by changes in surface water fluxes
    • Stocker TF, Wright DG (1991) Rapid transitions of the ocean's deep circulation induced by changes in surface water fluxes. Nature 351:729-732
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 729-732
    • Stocker, T.F.1    Wright, D.G.2
  • 86
    • 0030437281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid changes in ocean circulation and atmospheric radiocarbon
    • Stocker TF, Wright DG (1996) Rapid changes in ocean circulation and atmospheric radiocarbon. Paleoceanography 11:773-796
    • (1996) Paleoceanography , vol.11 , pp. 773-796
    • Stocker, T.F.1    Wright, D.G.2
  • 87
    • 0001814765 scopus 로고
    • The abyssal circulation
    • Stommel H (1958) The abyssal circulation. Deep-Sea Res 5:80-82
    • (1958) Deep-Sea Res , vol.5 , pp. 80-82
    • Stommel, H.1
  • 88
    • 0000248310 scopus 로고
    • Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow
    • Stommel H (1961) Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow. Tellus 13:224-241
    • (1961) Tellus , vol.13 , pp. 224-241
    • Stommel, H.1
  • 89
    • 49749222342 scopus 로고
    • On the abyssal circulation of the world ocean. I. Stationary planetary flow patterns on a sphere
    • Stommel H, Arons AB (1960) On the abyssal circulation of the world ocean. I. Stationary planetary flow patterns on a sphere. Deep-Sea Res 6:140-154
    • (1960) Deep-Sea Res , vol.6 , pp. 140-154
    • Stommel, H.1    Arons, A.B.2
  • 91
    • 0028563292 scopus 로고
    • The global heat balance: Heat transports in the atmosphere and ocean
    • Trenberth KE, Solomon A (1994) The global heat balance: heat transports in the atmosphere and ocean. Clim Dyn 10:107-134
    • (1994) Clim Dyn , vol.10 , pp. 107-134
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Solomon, A.2
  • 92
    • 0033395268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Link between the North and South Atlantic during the Heinrich events of the last glacial period
    • in press
    • Vidal L, Schneider R, Marchal O, Bickert T, Stocker TF, Wefer G Link between the North and South Atlantic during the Heinrich events of the last glacial period. Clim Dyn (in press)
    • Clim Dyn
    • Vidal, L.1    Schneider, R.2    Marchal, O.3    Bickert, T.4    Stocker, T.F.5    Wefer, G.6
  • 93
    • 0019704889 scopus 로고
    • Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the northern hemisphere winter
    • Wallace JM, Gutzler DS (1981) Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the northern hemisphere winter. Monthly Weather Rev 109:784-812
    • (1981) Monthly Weather Rev , vol.109 , pp. 784-812
    • Wallace, J.M.1    Gutzler, D.S.2
  • 95
    • 0031433732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The climate signal in the stable isotopes of snow from Summit, Greenland: Results of comparisons with modern climate observations
    • White JWC, Barlow LK, Fisher D, Grootes P, Jouzel J, Johnsen SJ, Stuiver M, Clausen H (1997) The climate signal in the stable isotopes of snow from Summit, Greenland: results of comparisons with modern climate observations. J Geophys Res 102:26425-26439
    • (1997) J Geophys Res , vol.102 , pp. 26425-26439
    • White, J.W.C.1    Barlow, L.K.2    Fisher, D.3    Grootes, P.4    Jouzel, J.5    Johnsen, S.J.6    Stuiver, M.7    Clausen, H.8
  • 96
    • 0026007758 scopus 로고
    • A zonally averaged ocean model for the thermohaline circulation. Part 1. Model development and flow dynamics
    • Wright DG, Stocker TF (1991) A zonally averaged ocean model for the thermohaline circulation. Part 1. Model development and flow dynamics. J Phys Oceanogr 21:1713-1724
    • (1991) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.21 , pp. 1713-1724
    • Wright, D.G.1    Stocker, T.F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.