The mechanism of replacement of red squirrels by grey squirrels: A test of the interference competition hypothesis

Ethology

Volumn 105, Issue 12, 1999, Pages 1053-1071

  Wauters, Luc A ^a   Gurnell, John ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVITY PATTERN; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; INTERFERENCE COMPETITION; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RODENT;

ITALY; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0033400470     PISSN: 01791613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0310.1999.10512488.x     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Ackerman, R. & Weigl, P. D. 1970: Dominance relationships of red and grey squirrels. Ecology 51, 332-335.
2. Altmann, J. 1974: Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49, 227-267.
3. Baker, R. J. & Neider, J. A. 1978: The GLIM System Release 3. Numerical Algorithms Group, Oxford.
4. Boutin, S., Tooze, Z. & Price, K. 1993: Post-breeding dispersal by female red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus): the effect of local vacancies. Behav. Ecol. 4, 151-155.
5. Brown, B. W. & Batzli, G. O. 1984: Habitat selection by fox and grey squirrels: a multivariate analysis. J. Wildl. Manage. 48, 616-621.
6. Brown. B. W. & Batzli, G. O. 1985: Field manipulations of fox and grey squirrel populations: how important is interspecific competition? Can. J. Zool. 63, 2134-2140.
7. Connell, J. H. 1961: The influence of interspecific competition and other factors on the distribution of the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus. Ecology 42, 710-723.
8. Currado, I., Mazzoglio, P. J., Amori, G. & Wauters, L. A. 1997: Rischi biologici delle introduzioni: il caso dello scoiattolo grigio (Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788) in ltalia. Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 27, 277-284.
9. Gurnell, J. 1987: The Natural History of Squirrels. Christopher Helm, London.
10. Gurnell, J. 1996: The effects of food availability and winter weather on the dynamics of a grey squirrel population in southern England. J. Appl. Ecol. 33, 325-338.
11. Gurnell, J. & Pepper, H. 1993: A critical look at conserving the British red squirrel (Sciurus vulguris). Mammal. Rev. 23, 127-137.
12. Kenward, R. E. 1985: Ranging behaviour and population dynamics in grey squirrels. In: Behavioural. Ecology (Sibly, R. M. & Smith, R. H., eds). Blackwell Scientific Publ., Oxford, pp. 319-330.
13. Kenward, R. E. & Hodder, K. H. 1995: Ranges V. An Analysis System for Biological Location Data. Institute for Terrestrial Ecology, Wareham, Dorset.
14. Koprowski, J. L. 1991: Mixed species mating chases of fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) and eastern grey squirrels (S. carolinensis). Can. Field Nat. 105, 117-118.
15. Larsen, K. W. & Boutin, S. 1994: Movements, survival, and settlement of red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) offspring. Ecology 75, 214-223.
16. Layne, J. N. 1954: The biology of the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus loquax, Bangs), in central New York. Ecol. Monogr. 24, 221-261.
17. Lowe, V. P. W. 1993: The spread of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) into Cumbria since 1960 and its present distribution. J. Zool. Loud. 231, 663-667.
18. Lurz, P. W. W. & Garson, P. J. 1992: The distribution of red and grey squirrels in Northeast England in relation to available woodland habitats. Brit. Ecol. Soc. Bull. 23, 133-139.
19. Lurz, P. W. W., Garson, P. J. & Wauters, L. A. 1997: Effects of temporal and spatial variation in habitat quality on red squirrel dispersal behaviour. Anim. Behav. 54, 427-435.
20. Pepper, H. W. 1992: Survey of Squirrels in Britain. Forestry Authority, Farnham.
21. Reynolds, J. C. 1981: The interaction of red and grey squirrels. PhD thesis, Univ. of East Anglia. Riege, D. A. 1991: Habitat specialization and social factors in distribution of red and gray squirrels. J. Mammal. 72, 152-162.
22. Skelcher, G. 1997: The ecological replacement of red by grey squirrels. In: The Conservation of Red Squirrels, Sciurus vulgaris L. (Gurnell, J. & Lurz, P. W. W., eds). PTES, London. pp. 67-78.
23. Smith, C. C. 1968: The adaptive nature of social organization in the genus of tree squirrels (Tamiasciurus). Ecol. Monogr. 38, 30-63.
24. Smith, C. C. 1981: The indivisible niche of Tamiasciurus: an example of nonpartitioning of resources. Ecol. Monogr. 51, 343-363.
25. Statxact 1995: STATXACT, Version 3.0 Users Guide. Cytel Software Co.
26. Tonkin, J. M. 1983: Activity patterns of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris). Mammal. Rev. 13, 99-111.
27. Wauters, L. A. 1997: The ecology of red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in fragmented habitats: a review. In: The Conservation of Red Squirrels, Sciurus vulgaris L. (Gurnell, J. & Lurz, P. W. W., eds). PTES, London, pp. 5-12.
28. Wauters, L. A. & Dhondt, A. A. 1987: Activity budget and foraging behaviour of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris, Linnaeus, 1758) in a coniferous habitat. Z. Säugetierkd. 52, 341-352.
29. Wauters, L. A. & Dhondt, A. A. 1989: Body weight, longevity and reproductive success in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). J. Anim. Ecol. 58, 637-651.
30. Wauters, L. A. & Dhondt, A. A. 1992: Spacing behaviour of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris): variation between habitats and the sexes. Anim. Behav. 43, 297-311.
31. Wauters, L. A. & Dhondt, A. A. 1993: Immigration patterns and success in red squirrels. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 33, 159-167.
32. Wauters, L. & Dhondt, A. A. 1995: Components of lifetime reproductive success of female Eurasian red squirrels. Oikos 72, 402-410.
33. Wauters, L. A. & Dhondt, A. A. 1998: Variation in spacing behavior of Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in winter: effects of density and food abundance. In: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of Tree Squirrels, Special Publication 6 (Steele, M. A., Merritt, J. F. & Zegers, D. A., eds). Virginia Mus. Nat. Hist. pp. 71-77.
34. Wauters, L. A. & Lens, L. 1995: Effects of food availability and density on red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) reproduction. Ecology 76, 2460-2469.
35. Wauters, L., De Vos, R. & Dhondt, A. A. 1990: Factors affecting male mating success in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 2, 195-204.
36. Wauters, L. A., Swinnen, C. & Dhondt, A. A. 1992: Activity budget and foraging behaviour of red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in coniferous and deciduous habitats. J. Zool. Lond. 227, 71-86.
37. Wauters, L. A., Lens, L. & Dhondt, A. A. 1995: Variation in territory fidelity and territory shifts among red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) females. Anim. Behav. 49, 187-193.
38. Wauters, L. A., Currado, I., Mazzoglio, P. J. & Gurnell, J. 1997a: Replacement of red squirrels by introduced grey squirrels in Italy: evidence from a distribution survey. In: The Conservation of Red Squirrels, Sciurus vulgaris L. (Gurnell, J. & Lurz, P. W. W., eds). PTES, London, pp. 79-88.
39. Wauters, L. A., Gurnell, J., Currado, I. & Mazzoglio, P. J. 1997b: Grey squirrel management in Italy -squirrel distribution in a highly fragmented landscape. Wildl. Biol. 3, 117-124.