The classical swine fever epidemic 1997-1998 in the Netherlands: Descriptive epidemiology

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

Volumn 42, Issue 3-4, 1999, Pages 157-184

  Elbers, Armin R W ^a   Stegeman, Arjan ^b   Moser, Hans ^c   Ekker, H Mark ^c   Smak, Jan A ^d   Pluimers, Frits H ^d  

^a Animal Health Service Boxtel   (Netherlands)

^b WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c Natl Inspection Serv Livestock/M   (Netherlands)

^d Ministry of Agriculture Nature and Food quality Netherlands   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Classical swine fever; Epidemiology; Outbreak; Pigs; Pre emptive slaughter

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION; BELGIUM; CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER VIRUS; DISEASE CONTROL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EUROPE; ITALY; NETHERLANDS; SERODIAGNOSIS; SPAIN; SWINE DISEASE; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS INFECTIVITY; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ANIMALS; CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FEMALE; INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL; MALE; MORTALITY; NETHERLANDS; PUBLIC POLICY; SWINE; VACCINATION;

ATAXIA; CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER VIRUS; SUS SCROFA;

EID: 0033399010     PISSN: 01675877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5877(99)00074-4     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Dahle, J., Liess, B., 1992. A review on classical swine fever infections in pigs: epizootiology, clinical disease and pathology. Comp. Immun. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 15, 203-211.
2. De Smit, A.J., Bouma, A., Terpstra, C., Van Oirschot, J.T., 1999. Transmission of classical swine fever virus by artificial insemination. Vet. Microbiol. 67, 239-249.
3. Elbers, A.R.W., Stegeman, J.A., Moser, H., de Jong, M.C.M., Ekker, H.M., Smak, J.A., de Leeuw, P.W., 1998a. Effectiveness of preventive culling of pig herds during the Dutch CSF epidemic. In: Proc. 15th IPVS Congress, Birmingham, UK, 5-9 July 1998, p. 271.
4. Elbers, A.R.W., Stegeman, J.A., Moser, H., de Jong, M.C.M., Ekker, H.M., Smak, J.A., Hunneman, W.A., 1998b. A case-control study into factors associated with prevention of introduction of CSF virus in pig herds during the CSF epidemic in The Netherlands in 1997. In: Proc. 15th IPVS Congress, Birmingham, UK, 5-9 July 1998, p. 170.
5. Harkness, J.W., 1985. Classical swine fever and its diagnosis: a current view. Vet. Rec. 116, 288-293.
6. Hennecken, M., Stegeman, J.A., Elbers, A.R.W., Van Nes, A., Smak, J.A., Verheijden, J.H.M., 1998. A descriptive epidemiological investigation into possibilities of infection of pig herds via infected semen during the classical swine fever epidemic in The Netherlands in 1997-1998. Report of the National Inspection Service for Liverstock and Meat, Voorburg, The Netherlands, 87 pp. (in Dutch).
7. Horst, H.S., Dijkhuizen, A.A., Huirne, R.B.M., De Leeuw, P.W., 1998. Introduction of contagious animal diseases into The Netherlands: elicitation of expert opinions. Livest. Prod. Sci. 53, 253-264.
8. Hughes, R.W., Gustafson, D.P., 1960. Some factors that may influence hog cholera transmission. Am. J. Vet. Res. 21, 464-471.
9. Koch, R., Eickhoff, K., Grunert, K., Wendt, M., Bollwahn, W., Giese, W.W., 1998. Rapid rectal temperature recording of pigs. Tierärztl. Umschau (in German) 53, 562-567.
10. Koenen, F., Van Caenegem, G., Vermeersch, J.P., Vandenheede, J., Deluyker, H., 1996. Epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of classical swine fever in an area of high pig density. Vet. Rec. 139, 367-371.
11. Kramer, M., Ahl, R., Teuffert, J., Kroschewski, K., Schluter, H., Otte, J., 1995. Classical swine fever in Germany - some epidemiological aspects. Proc. Soc. Vet. Epidemiol. and Prev. Med., Reading, UK, 1995, p. 110-118.
12. Miller, L.D., Downing, D.R., Morgan, N.O., 1975. Transmission of hog cholera virus by flies: recovery of virus from flies following exposure to infective blood. In: Proc. 78th Ann. Meeting of the United States Anim. Health Assoc., pp. 324-330.
13. Ministerio de Agricultura, 1997. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentation (MAPA), Direccion Genral de Sanidad de la produccion Agraria, Madrid, Spain. Informe de la repercusion de la Peste Porcina classica procedente de Paises Bajos en España.
14. Ministero della Sanita (MDS), 1997. Dipartimento degli Alimenti e Nutrizione e della Sanita Pubblica Veterinaria-Ufficio III, Republic of Italy. Detailed report on classical swine fever. Outbreak 97/01 and 97/02.
15. Miry, C., Castryck, F., Koenen, F., Broes, A., Segers, E., 1991. Some aspects of the classical swine fever epidemic in Belgium in 1990. Epidemiol. santé anim. (in French) 20, 23-32.
16. Morgan, N.O., Miller, L.D., 1976. Muscidae (Diptera): experimental vectors of hog cholera virus. J. Med. Ent. 12, 657-660.
17. Office International des Epizooties (O.I.E.), 1983-1996. World Animal Health, Reports of the Animal Health Status and disease control methods and List A disease outbreaks - Statistics, Paris, France.
18. Office International des Epizooties (O.I.E.), 1996-1997. Bulletin O.I.E., Reports of the Animal Health Status and disease control methods and List A disease outbreaks - Statistics, Paris, France.
19. Pittler, H., Fiedler, J., Jentsch, D., Hasselbach, P., Kramer, M., 1995. The problems and consequences of the swine fever epidemic during 1993/1994 in Germany. Tierärtzl. Umschau (in German) 50, 522-530.
20. Plat, E., Vannier, P., Tillon, J.P., 1980. Experimental study of a mild virulence strain of hog cholera: individual variations and horizontal transmission. J. Vet. Med. B 27, 650-657.
21. Pluimers, F.H., de Leeuw, P.W., Smak, J.A., Elbers, A.R.W., Stegeman, J.A., 1999. Classical swine fever in The Netherlands 1997-1998: a description of the organisation and measures taken to eradicate the disease. Prev. Vet. Med. 42, 139-155.
22. Postma, H.J., 1998. The risk to abstain from pre-emptive slaughter. Letter to the Editor. Tijdschr. Diergeneeskd (in Dutch) 123, 322-323.
23. Roberts, M., 1995. Evaluation of optimal size of restriction zones in disease control with particular reference to classical swine fever. Proc. Soc. Vet. Epidem. and Prev. Med., Reading, UK, 1995, pp. 119-130.
24. Robijns, K.G., 1970. Swine Fever and its control in The Netherlands. Tijdschr. Diergeneeskd. (in Dutch) 95, 1345-1364.
25. Royal Dutch Veterinary Association, 1998. Evaluation of prevention, detection and eradication of classical swine fever 1997-1998 (in Dutch). Tijdschr. Diergeneeskd., 123, 545-548.
26. Standing veterinary committee, January 14-15 of 1997. Brussels. Information on classical swine fever in Germany (Bundes Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, BML, Germany).
27. Standing veterinary committee, November 12 of 1997. Brussels Spain - classical swine fever 1997 - 13th report (Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentation (MAPA), Direction Genral de Sanidad de la production Agraria, Madrid, Spain).
28. Staubach, C., Teuffert, J., Thulke, H.H., 1997. Risk analysis and local spread mechanisms of classical swine fever. In: Proc. 8th ISVEE, Paris. Epidemiol. Santé Anim., 1997, pp. 31-32.
29. Stegeman, J.A., Elbers, A.R.W., Moser, H., De Smit, J.A., Bouma, A., De Jong, M.C.M., 1998. Rate of transmission of classical swine fever virus between herds by various routes. In: Proc. 15th IPVS Congress, Birmingham, UK, 5-9 July 1998, p. 269.
30. Stegeman, J.A., Elbers, A.R.W., Smak, J.A., De Jong, M.C.M., 1999a. Quantification of the transmission of classical swine fever virus between herds during the 1997-1998 epidemic in The Netherlands. Prev. Vet. Med. 42, 219-234.
31. Stegeman, J.A., Elbers, A.R.W., Bouma, A., De Smit, A.J., De Jong, M.C.M., 1999b. Transmission of classical swine fever virus within herds during the 1997-1998 epidemic in The Netherlands. Prev. Vet. Med. 42, 201-218.
32. Stewart, W.C., Carbrey, E.A., Jenney, E.W., Kresse, J.I., Snyder, M.L., Wessman, S.J., 1975. Transmission of hog cholera virus by mosquitoes. Am. J. Vet. Res. 36, 611-614.
33. Terpstra, C., 1987. Epizootiology of swine fever. Vet. Quart. 9, 50S-60S.
34. Terpstra, C., Dekker, A., Wensvoort, G., 1992. Classical swine fever and Swine Vesicular Disease: familiar diseases back in the Netherlands. Annual Report of the Institute for Animal Science and Health (CDI-DLO), Lelystad, The Netherlands, pp. 23-29 (in Dutch).
35. Terpstra, C., 1998. Pre-emptive slaughter: a compensation for lack of training. Letter to the Editor. Tijdschr. Diergeneeskd. (in Dutch) 123, 324-325.
36. Terpstra, C., 1991. Hog Cholera: an update of present knowledge. Br. Vet. J. 147, 397-406.
37. Thacker, B.J., Larse, R.E., Joo, H.S., Leman, A.D., 1984. Swine diseases transmissible with artificial insemination. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 185, 511-516.
38. Tidwell, M.A., Dean, W.D., Tidwell, M.A., Combs, G.P., Anderson, D.W., Cowart, W.O., Axtell, R.C., 1972. Transmission of hog cholera virus by horseflies (Tabanidae: Diptera). Am. J. Vet. Res. 33, 615-622.
39. Turner, C., Burton, C.H., 1997. The inactivation of viruses in pig slurries: a review. Bioresource Technology 61, 9-20.
40. Van de Kieft, G., 1998. Pre-emptive slaughter: a necessary evil. Letter to the Editor. Tijdschr. Diergeneeskd. (in Dutch) 123, 387.
41. Van der Valk, P.C., Smak, J.A., Quadvlieg, R.F.P.M., Slingerland, E., 1986. Swine fever in The Netherlands between 1981 and 1985. In: Proc. 9th IPVS Congress, Barcelona, Spain, 15-18 July 1986, p. 328.
42. Vannier, P., Colcanap, M., Carnero, R., Costes, C., Josse, J., Tillon, J.P., 1986. Study of the origin of an epizootic of classical swine fever. J. Vet. Med. B 33, 294-302.
43. Vanthemsche, P., 1996. Classical swine fever 1993-1994 Belgium. The Pig Journal 37, 43-53.
44. Van Oirschot, J.T., 1992. Hog Cholera. In: Leman, A.D., Straw, B.E., Mengeling, W.L., D'Aillaire, S., Taylor, D.S. (Eds.), Diseases of Swine, 7th ed. Wolfe Publications, USA, pp. 274-285.
45. Wachendörfer, G., Reinhold, G.E., Dingeldein, W., Berger, J., Lorenz, J., Frost, J.W., 1978. Analysis of the classical swine fever epidemic in Hessen in 1971-1974. Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wschr. (in German) 85, 113-120.
46. Wensvoort, G., Terpstra, C., 1985. Classical swine Fever: a changing clinical picture. Tijdschr. Diergeneeskd. (in Dutch) 110, 263-269.
47. Westergaard, J.M., 1996. Epidemiology of classical swine fever. In: Diagnostic Procedures and Measures to Control Classical Swine Fever in Domestic Pigs and the European Wild Boar. CEC Seminar, Pulawy, Poland, September 23-27, 1996, pp. 119-130.
48. Widjojoatmodjo, M.N., Van Gennip, H.G.P., De Smit, A.J., Moormann, R.J.M., 1999. Comparative sequence analysis of classical swine fever virus isolates from the epizootic in the Netherlands in 1997-1998. Vet. Microbiol. 66, 291-300.
49. Williams, D.R., Matthews, D., 1988. Outbreaks of classical swine fever in Great Britain in 1986. Vet. Rec. 122, 479-483.
50. Young, S.H., 1970. The use of supplemental tests in the diagnosis and eradication of hog cholera. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 157, 1855-1859.