Locomotor performance and adaptation after partial or complete spinal cord lesions in the cat

Progress in Brain Research

Volumn 123, Issue , 1999, Pages 349-365

  Rossignol, S ^a   Drew, T ^a   Brustein, E ^a   Jiang, W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN STEM; CAT; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FORELIMB; HINDLIMB; LOCOMOTION; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NERVE CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPINAL CORD HEMISECTION; SPINAL CORD LESION; SPINAL CORD TRANSSECTION; TREADMILL EXERCISE;

EID: 0033396222     PISSN: 00796123     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62870-8     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Z. Afelt Reflex activity in chronic spinal cats. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. 30 1970 129 144
2. Z. Afelt Functional significance of ventral descending tracts of the spinal cord in the cat. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. 34 1974 393 407
3. B. Alstermark A. Lundberg L.-G. Pettersson B. Tantisira M. Walkowska Motor recovery after serial spinal cord lesions of defined descending pathways in cats. Neurosci. Res. 5 1987 68 73
4. A. Amos D.M. Armstrong D.E. Marple-Horvat Changes in the discharge patterns of motor cortical neurones associated with volitional changes in stepping in the cat. Neuosci. Lett. 109 1990 107 112
5. D.M. Armstrong Supraspinal contributions to the initiation and control of locomotion in the cat. Prog. Neurobiol. 26 1986 273 361
6. D.M. Armstrong T. Drew Discharges of pyramidal tract and other motor cortical neurones during locomotion in the cat. J. Physiol. 346 1984 471 495
7. D.M. Armstrong T. Drew Locomotor-related neuronal discharges in cat motor cortex compared with peripheral receptive fields and evoked movements. J. Physiol. 346 1984 497 517
8. L.L. Baker S.H. Chandler L.J. Goldberg L-Dopa induced locomotor-like activity in ankle flexor and extensor nerves of chronic and acute spinal cats. Exp. Neurol. 86 1984 515 526
9. H. Barbeau C. Chau S. Rossignol Noradrenergic agonists and locomotor training affect locomotor recovery after cord transection in adult cats. Brain Res. Bull. 30 1993 387 393
10. H. Barbeau S. Rossignol Recovery of locomotion after chronic spinalization in the adult cat. Brain Res. 412 1987 84 95
11. H. Barbeau S. Rossignol Initiation and modulation of the locomotor pattern in the adult chronic spinal cat by noradrenergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic drugs. Brain Res. 546 1991 250 260
12. D.M. Basso M. Murray M.E. Goldberger Differential recovery of bipedal and overground locomotion following complete spinal cord hemisection in cats. Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. 7 1994 95 110
13. M. Bélanger T. Drew J. Provencher S. Rossignol A comparison of treadmill locomotion in adult cats before and after spinal transection. J. Neurophysiol. 76 1996 471 491
14. I.N. Beloozerova M.G. Sirota The role of the motor cortex in the control of accuracy of locomotor movements in the cat. J. Physiol. 461 1993 1 25
15. T. Bern T. Gorska H. Majczynski W. Zmyslowski Different patterns of fore-hindlimb coordination during overground locomotion in cats with ventral and lateral spinal lesions. Exp. Brain Res. 104 1995 70 80
16. E. Brustein S. Lavoie F. Lebel J. Provencher B. McFadyen S. Rossignol The recovery of locomotion in adult cats subjected to bilateral lesions of the ventral and ventrolateral spinal quadrants. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21 1995 420
17. E. Brustein S. Rossignol Recovery of locomotion after ventral and ventrolateral spinal lesions in the cat. I. Deficits and adaptive mechanisms. J. Neurophysiol. 80 1998 1245 1267
18. E. Brustein S. Rossignol Recovery of locomotion after ventral and ventrolateral spinal lesions in the cat. II. The effects of noradrenergic and serotoninergic drugs. J. Neurophysiol. 81 1999 1513 1530
19. P. Carlson-Kuhta T.V. Trank J.L. Smith Forms of forward quadrupedal locomotion. II. A comparison of posture, hindlimb kinematics and motor patterns for upslope and level walking. J. Neurophysiol. 79 1998 1687 1701
20. C. Chau H. Barbeau S. Rossignol Early locomotor training with clonidine in spinal cats. J. Neurophysiol. 59 1998 392 409
21. F. Contamin Sections médullaires incomplètes et locomotion chez le chat. Bull. Acad. Nat. Med. 167 1983 727 730
22. T. Drew Motor cortical cell discharge during voluntary gait modification. Brain Res. 457 1988 181 187
23. T. Drew Functional organization within the medullary reticular formation of the intact unanesthetized cat. III. Microstimulation during locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 66 1991 919 938
24. T. Drew Motor cortical activity during voluntary gait modifications in the cat. I. Cells related to the forelimbs. J. Neurophysiol. 70 1993 179 199
25. T. Drew R. Dubuc S. Rossignol Discharge patterns of reticulospinal and other reticular neurons in chronic, unrestrained cats walking on a treadmill. J. Neurophysiol. 55 1986 375 401
26. T. Drew W. Jiang B. Kably S. Lavoie Role of the motor cortex in the control of visually triggered gait modifications. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 74 1996 426 442
27. T. Drew S. Rossignol Phase-dependent responses evoked in limb muscles by stimulation of medullary reticular formation during locomotion in thalamic cats. J. Neurophysiol. 52 1984 653 675
28. T. Drew S. Rossignol Functional organisation within the medullary reticular formation of intact unanaesthetized cat. I. Movements evoked by microstimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 64 1990 767 781
29. T. Drew S. Rossignol Functional organisation within the medullary reticular formation of intact unanaesthetized cat. II. Electromyographic activity evoked by microstimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 64 1990 782 795
30. L. Durelli E.M. Schmidt J.S. McIntosh M.J. Bak Single unit chronic recordings from the sensorimotor cortex of unrestrained cats during locomotion. Exp. Neurol. 62 1978 580 594
31. V.R. Edgerton C.P. De Guzman R.J. Gregor R.R. Roy J.A. Hodgson R.G. Lovely Trainability of the spinal cord to generate hindlimb stepping patterns in adult spinalized cats. M. Shimamura S. Grillner V.R. Edgerton Neurobiological Basis of Human Locomotion 1991 Japan Scientific Societies Press Tokyo 411 423
32. E. Eidelberg Consequences of spinal cord lesions upon motor function, with special reference to locomotor activity. Prog. Neurobiol. 17 1981 185 202
33. E. Eidelberg Loss and recovery of locomotor function after spinal cord lesions in cats and monkeys. F.J. Seil Nerve Organ and Tissue Regeneration: Research Perspectives. 1983 Academic Press New York 231 242
34. E. Eidelberg D.J. Jones R.W. Keenan R.J. Schwartzman Report from the spinal cord injury research program. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1985 225 234
35. E. Eidelberg D.G. Stein Functional recovery after lesions of the nervous system. Neurosci. Res. Prog. Bull. 12 1974 191 303
36. E. Eidelberg J.L. Story B.L. Meyer J. Nystel Stepping by chronic spinal cats. Exp. Brain Res. 40 1980 241 246
37. E. Eidelberg J.L. Story J.G. Walden B.L. Meyer Anatomical correlates of return of locomotor function after partial spinal cord lesions in cats. Exp. Brain Res. 42 1981 81 88
38. E. Eidelberg J.G. Walden L.H. Nguyen Locomotor control in macaque monkeys. Brain 104 1981 647 663
39. A.W. English Interlimb coordination during stepping in the cat: effects of dorsal column section. J. Neurophysiol. 44 1980 270 279
40. A.W. English Interlimb coordination during stepping in the cat. The role of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. Exp. Neurol. 87 1985 96 108
41. H. Forssberg S. Grillner J. Halbertsma The locomotion of the low spinal cat. I. Coordination within a hindlimb. Acta Physiol. Scand. 108 1980 269 281
42. H. Forssberg S. Grillner J. Halbertsma S. Rossignol The locomotion of the low spinal cat: II. Interlimb coordination. Acta Physiol. Scand. 108 1980 283 295
43. L.W. Freeman Return of function after complete transection of the spinal cord of the rat, cat and dog. Ann. Surg. 136 1952 193 205
44. I.M. Gelfand G.N. Orlovsky M.L. Shik Locomotion and scratching in tetrapods. A.H. Cohen S. Rossignol S. Grillner Neural Control of Rhythmic Movements in Vertebrates 1988 John Wiley & Sons New York 167 199
45. C.A. Giuliani J.L. Smith Stepping behaviors in chronic spinal cats with one hindlimb deafferented. J. Neurosci. 7 1987 2537 2546
46. M.E. Goldberger Autonomous spinal motor function and the infant lesion effect. M.E. Goldberger A. Gorio M. Murray Development and Plasticity of the Mammalian Spinal Cord. Fidia Research Series. 1986 Liviana Press Padova 363 380
47. T. Gorska T. Bem H. Majczynski Locomotion in cats with ventral spinal lesions: support patterns and duration of support phases during unrestrained walking. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. 50 1990 191 200
48. T. Gorska T. Bem H. Majczynski W. Zmyslowski Unrestrained walking in cats with partial spinal lesions. Brain Res. Bull. 32 1993 241 249
49. T. Gorska H. Majczynski T. Bem W. Zmyslowski Hindlimb swing, stance and step relationships during unrestrained walking in cats with lateral funicular lesion. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. 53 1993 133 142
50. S. Grillner Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods and fish. J.M. Brookhart V.B. Mountcastle Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System II. 1981 American Physiological Society Bethesda 1179 1236
51. S. Grillner R. Dubuc Control of locomotion in vertebrates: spinal and supraspinal mechanisms. S.G. Waxman Functional Recovery in Neurological Disease 1988 Raven Press New York 425 453
52. M.E. Helgren M.E. Goldberger The recovery of postural reflexes and locomotion following low thoracic hemisection in adult cats involves compensation by undamaged primary afferent pathways. Exp. Neurol. 123 1993 17 34
53. W. Jiang T. Drew Effects of bilateral lesions of the dorsolateral funiculi and dorsal columns at the level of the low thoracic spinal cord on the control of locomotion in the adult cat: I. Treadmill walking. J. Neurophysiol. 76 1996 849 866
54. M. Kato Longitudinal myelotomy of lumbar spinal cord has little effect on coordinated locomotor activities of bilateral hindlimbs of the chronic cats. Neurosci. Lett. 93 1988 259 263
55. M. Kato Chronically isolated lumbar half spinal cord produced by hemisection and longitudinal myelotomy generates locomotor activities of the ipsilateral hindlimb of the cat. Neurosci. Lett. 98 1989 149 153
56. M. Kato Chronically isolated lumbar half spinal cord and locomotor activities of the hindlimb. M. Shimamura S. Grillner V.R. Edgerton Neurobiological Basis of Human Locomotion 1991 Japan Scientific Societies Press Tokyo 407 410
57. M. Kato S. Murakami K. Yasuda H. Hirayama Disruption of fore-and hindlimb coordination during overground locomotion in cats with bilateral serial hemisection of the spinal cord. Neurosci. Res. 2 1984 27 47
58. M. Kato S. Murakami H. Hirayama K. Hikino Recovery of postural control following chronic bilateral hemisections at different spinal cord levels in adult cats. Exp. Neurol. 90 1985 350 364
59. W. Kozak R. Westerman Basic patterns of plastic change in the mammalian nervous system. Nervous and Hormonal Mechanisms of Integration. Soc. Exp. Biol. Symp. 20 1966 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 509 544
60. H.G.J.M. Kuypers The organization of the ‘motor system’. Int. J. Neurol. 4 1963 78 91
61. S. Lavoie J.H. Martin T. Drew Effect of reversible inactivation of the motor cortex on voluntary gait modifications in the cat. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21 1995 419
62. S. Lavoie T. Drew Discharge characteristics of neurones in the red nucleus during voluntary gait modifications in the intact cat. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 23 1997 762
63. D.G. Lawrence H.G.J.M. Kuypers The functional organization of the motor system in the monkey. I. The effects of bilateral pyramidal lesions. Brain 91 1968 1 15
64. R.G. Lovely R.J. Gregor R.R. Roy V.R. Edgerton Effects of training on the recovery of full-weight-bearing stepping in the adult spinal cat. Exp. Neurol. 92 1986 421 435
65. R.G. Lovely R.J. Gregor R.R. Roy V.R. Edgerton Weight-bearing hindlimb stepping in treadmill-exercised adult spinal cat. Brain Res. 514 1990 206 218
66. J.H. Martin C. Ghez Red nucleus and motor cortex: parallel motor systems for the initiation and control of skilled movement. Behav. Brain. Res. 28 1988 217 223
67. K. Masamichi S. Murakami K. Yasuda H. Hirayama Disrupting of fore- and hindlimb coordination during overground locomotion in cats with bilateral serial hemisection of the spinal cord. Neurosci. Res. 2 1984 27 47
68. G.P. McCouch Reflex development in the chronically spinal cat and dog. J. Neurophysiol. 10 1947 425 428
69. S. Miller F.G.A. Van der Meche Coordinated stepping of all four limbs in the high spinal cat. Brain Res. 109 1976 395 398
70. S. Mori Integration of posture and locomotion in acute decerebrate cats and in awake, freely moving cats. Prog. Neurobiol. 28 1987 161 195
71. S. Mori Contribution of postural muscle tone to full expression of posture and locomotor movements: multifaceted analyses of its setting brainstem-spinal cord mechanisms in the cat. Jpn. J. Physiol. 39 1989 785 809
72. G.N. Orlovsky Work of the reticulo-spinal neurons during locomotion. Biophys. (USSR) 15 1970 761 771
73. G.N. Orlovsky The effect of different descending systems on flexor and extensor activity during locomotion. Brain Res. 40 1972 359 371
74. C.I. Palmer W.B. Marks M.J. Bak The responses of cat motor cortical units to electrical cutaneous stimulation during locomotion and during lifting, falling and landing. Exp. Brain. Res. 58 1985 102 116
75. K.G. Pearson Common principles of motor control in vertebrates and invertebrates. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 16 1993 265 297
76. M.-C. Perreault T. Drew S. Rossignol Activity of medullary reticulospinal neurons during fictive locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 69 1993 2232 2247
77. M.-C. Perreault S. Rossignol T. Drew Micro-stimulation of the medullary reticular formation during fictive locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 71 1994 229 245
78. D.J. Pierotti R.R. Roy R.J. Gregor V.R. Edgerton Electromyographic activity of cat hindlimb flexors and extensors during locomotion at varying speeds and inclines. Brain Res. 481 1989 57 66
79. S.W. Ranson J.C. Hinsey Reflexes in the hind limbs of cats after transection of the spinal cord at various levels. Am. J. Physiol. 94 1930 471 495
80. M.-J Rho S. Lavoie T. Drew Effects of red nucleus microstimulation on the locomotor pattern and timing in the intact cat: a comparison with the motor cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 81 1999 2297 2315
81. G.A. Robinson M.E. Goldberger The development and recovery of motor function in spinal cats. I. The infant lesion effect. Exp. Brain Res. 62 1986 373 386
82. G.A. Robinson M.E. Goldberger The development and recovery of motor function in spinal cats. II. Pharmacological enhancement of recovery. Exp. Brain Res. 62 1986 387 400
83. S. Rossignol Neural control of stereotypic limb movements. L.B. Rowell J.T. Sheperd Handbook of Physiology, Section 12. Exercise: Regulation and Integration of Multiple Systems. 1996 American Physiological Society Oxford 173 216
84. S. Rossignol M. Bélanger H. Barbeau T. Drew Assessment of locomotor functions in the adult chronic spinal cat. Conference proceedings: criteria for assessing recovery of function: behavioral methods 1989 A.P.A. Springfield N.J. 10 11
85. S. Rossignol M. Bélanger C. Chau N. Giroux E. Brustein L. Bouyer C.-A Grenier T. Drew H. Barbeau T.A. Reader The Spinal Cat. R.G. Kalb S.M. Strittmatter Neurobiology of Spinal Cord Injury 2000 Humana Press Totowa, New Jersey 57 87
86. S. Rossignol R. Dubuc Spinal pattern generation. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 4 1994 894 902
87. R.R. Roy J.A. Hodgson S.D. Lauretz D.J. Pierotti R.J. Gayek V.R. Edgerton Chronic spinal cord-injured cats: surgical procedures and management. Laboratory Animal Science 42 1992 335 343
88. C.S. Sherrington Remarks on the reflex mechanism of the step. Brain 33 1910 1 25
89. M.L. Shik Action of the brainstem locomotor region on spinal stepping generators via propriospinal pathways. C.C. Kao R.P. Bunge P.J. Reier Spinal Cord Reconstruction 1983 Raven New York 421 434
90. M.L. Shik G.N. Orlovsky Neurophysiology of locomotor automatism. Physiol. Rev. 56 1976 465 500
91. M. Shimamura I. Kogure S.I. Wada Reticular neuron activities associated with locomotion in thalamic cats. Brain. Res. 231 1982 51 62
92. P.S. Shurrager R.A. Dykman Walking spinal carnivores. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 44 1951 252 262
93. J.L. Smith L.A. Smith R.F. Zernicke M. Hoy Locomotion in exercised and non-exercised cats cordotomized at two or twelve weeks of age. Exp. Neurol. 76 1982 393 413
94. J. Ten Cate Innervation of locomotor movements by the lumbosacral cord in birds and mammals. J. Exp. Biol. 39 1962 239 242
95. J.A. Vilensky A.M. Moore E. Eidelberg J.G. Walden Recovery of locomotion in monkeys with spinal cord lesions. J. Motor Behav. 24 1992 288 296
96. W. Widajewicz B. Kably T. Drew Motor cortical activity during voluntary gait modifications in the cat. II. Cells related to the hindlimbs. J. Neurophysiol. 72 1994 2070 2089
97. W.F. Windle J.O. Smart J.J. Beers Residual function after subtotal spinal cord transection in adult cats. Neurology 8 1958 518 521
98. P. Zangger The effect of 4-aminopyridine on the spinal locomotor rhythm induced by L-Dopa. Brain Res. 215 1981 211 223
99. W. Zmyslowski T. Gorska H. Majczynski T. Bem Hindlimb muscle activity during unrestrained walking in cats with lesions of the lateral funiculi. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. 53 1993 143 153