Is high blood pressure a late manifestation of the hypertension syndrome?

American Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 12, Issue 12 SUPPL. 1, 1999, Pages 215S-223S

  Neutel, Joel M ^a   Smith, David H G ^b   Weber, Michael A ^b  

^a Orange County Research Center   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Cardiovascular risk factors; Hypertension; Hypertension syndrome; Metabolic syndrome; Syndrome X

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ANGIOTENSIN; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR; CHOLESTEROL; CREATININE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; GLUCOSE; INSULIN; LIPID; NEUROHORMONE; NORADRENALIN; RENIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; ARTERY COMPLIANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HEART VENTRICLE COMPLIANCE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; METABOLISM; OBESITY; PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; SYNDROME;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CORONARY DISEASE; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; RISK FACTORS; SYNDROME; VASCULAR RESISTANCE;

EID: 0033395403     PISSN: 08957061     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00107-7     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Samuelsson OG, Wilhelmsen LW, Svardsudd KF, et al: Mortality and morbidity in relation to systolic blood pressure in two populations with different manage-ment of hypertension: the Study of Men Born in 1913 and the multifactorial Primary Prevention Trial. J Hypertens 1987;5:57-66.
2. Grimm RH Jr, Flack JM, Byington R, et al: A comparison of antihypertensive drug effects on the progression of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis. The Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS). Drugs 1990;40(suppl 2):38-43.
3. The Pooling Project Research Group: Relationship of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, smoking habit, relative weight and ECG abnormalities to incidence of major coronary events: final report of the Pooling Project. J Chronic Dis 1978;31:201-306.
4. Scannapieco G, Pauletto P, Pagnan A, et al: Lipoprotein binding to cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from normotensive and hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 1988; 6(suppl 4):S269-S271.
5. Neutel JM, Smith DH, Graettinger WF, et al: Heredity and hypertension: impact on metabolic characteristics. Am Heart J 1992;124:435-440.
6. Samuelsson O, Wilhelmsen L, Andersson OK, et al: Cardiovascular morbidity in relation to change in blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels in treated hypertension: results from the Primary Prevention Trial in Göteborg, Sweden. JAMA 1987;258:1768-1776.
7. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, et al: Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study. N Engl J Med 1990;322:1561-1566.
8. Casale PN, Devereux RB, Milner M, et al: Value of echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular mass in predicting cardiovascular morbid events in hypertensive men. Ann Intern Med 1986;105:173-178.
9. Devereux RB, Reichek N: Echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass in man: anatomic validation of the method. Circulation 1977;55:613-618.
10. Savage DD, Drayer JI, Henry WL, et al: Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac anatomy and function in hypertensive subjects. Circulation 1979;59:623-632.
11. Drayer JIM, Weber MA, Laragh JH: Echocardiography in the evaluation of patients with mild or borderline hypertension, in Weber MA (ed): Treatment Strategies in Hypertension. Symposia Specialists, Miami, 1981, pp 21-32.
12. Celentano A, Galderisi M, Garofalo M, et al: Blood pressure and cardiac morphology in young children of hypertensive subjects. J Hypertens 1988;6(suppl 4): S107-S109.
13. Giligan JP, Spector S: Synthesis of collagen in cardiac and vascular walls. Hypertension 1984;6:III44-III49.
14. Safar ME, Laurent S, Pannier BM, London GM: Structural and functional modifications of peripheral large arteries in hypertensive patients. J Clin Hypertens 1987; 3:360-367.
15. Taddei S, Virdis A, Mattel P, et al: Endothelium-dependent forearm vasodilation is reduced in normotensive subjects with familial history of hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992;20(suppl 12):S193-S195.
16. Neutel JM, Smith DH, Graettinger WF, Weber MA: Dependency of arterial compliance on circulating neu-roendocrine and metabolic factors in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:1340-1344.
17. Graettinger WF, Neutel JM, Smith DH, Weber MA: Left ventricular diastolic filling alterations in normotensive young adults with a family history of systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1991;68:51-56.
18. Ruige JB, Assendelft WJ, Dekker JM, et al: Insulin and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Circulation 1998;97:996-1001.
19. Modan M, Halkin H, Almog S, et al: Hyperinsulinemia: a link between hypertension, obesity and glucose intolerance. J Clin Invest 1985;75:809-817.
20. Neutel JM, Smith DH, Graettinger WF, et al: Metabolic characteristics of hypertension: importance of positive family history. Am Heart J 1993;126:924-929.
21. Banskota NK, Taub R, Zellner K, et al: Characterization of induction of protooncogene c-myc and cellular growth in human vascular smooth muscle cells by insulin and IGF-I. Diabetes 1989;38:123-129.
22. Zavaroni I, Bonora E, Pagliara M, et al: Risk factors for coronary artery disease in healthy persons with hyperinsulinemia and normal glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 1989;320:702-706.
23. Williams RR, Hunt SC, Hasstedt SJ, et al: Multigenic human hypertension: evidence for subtypes and hope for haplotypes. J Hypertens 1990;8(suppl):S39-S46.
24. Gupta AK, Clark RV, Kirchner KA: Effects of insulin on renal sodium excretion. Hypertension 1992;19(suppl 1): 178-182.
25. Reaven GM, Hoffman BB: A role for insulin in the aetiology and course of hypertension? Lancet 1987;2: 435-437.
26. Tuck M, Corry D, Trujillo A: Salt-sensitive blood pressure and exaggerated vascular reactivity in the hypertension of diabetes mellitus. Am J Med 1990;88:210-216.
27. Rocchini AP, Moorehead C, DeRemer S, et al: Hyperinsulinemia and the aldosterone and pressor responses to angiotensin II. Hypertension 1990;15:861-866.
28. Meehan WP, Buchanan TA, Hsueh W: Chronic insulin administration elevates blood pressure in rats. Hypertension 1994;23:1012-1018.
29. Caro JF: Clinical review 26: insulin resistance in obese and nonobese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;73: 691-695.
30. Falkner B, Hulman S, Tannenbaum J, Kushner H: Insulin resistance and blood pressure in young black men. Hypertension 1990;16:706-711.
31. Warram JH, Martin BC, Krolewski AS, et al: Slow glucose removal rate and hyperinsulinemia precede the development of type II diabetes in the offspring of diabetic parents. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:909-915.
32. Robertson WB, Strong JP: Atherosclerosis in persons with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Lab Invest 1968;18:538-551.
33. Stout RW: Insulin and atheroma: 20-yr perspective. Diabetes Care 1990;13:631-654.
34. Stout RW: Overview of the association between insulin and atherosclerosis. Metabolism 1985;34(suppl 1):7-12.
35. Uusitupa MI, Niskanen LK, Siitonen O, et al: 5-year incidence of atherosclerotic vascular disease in relation to general risk factors, insulin level, and abnormalities in lipoprotein composition in non-insulin-dependent diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Circulation 1990;82: 27-36.
36. Fontbonne A, Tchobroutsky G, Eschwege E, et al: Coronary heart disease mortality risk: plasma insulin level is a more sensitive marker than hypertension or abnormal glucose tolerance in overweight males. The Paris Prospective Study. Int J Obes 1988;12:557-565.
37. Fontbonne A, Eschwege E: Diabetes, hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and atherosclerosis: epidemiological data. Diabetes Metab 1987;13:350-353.
38. Pyorala K, Savolainen E, Kaukola S, Haapakoski J: Plasma insulin as coronary heart disease risk factor: relationship to other risk factors and predictive value during 9 1/2-year follow-up of the Helsinki Policemen Study population. Acta Med Scand 1985;701(suppl):38-52.
39. Despres JP, Moorjani S, Lupien PJ, et al: Regional distribution of body fat, plasma lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease. Arteriosclerosis 1990;10:497-511.
40. Laurenzi M, Mancini M, Menotti A, et al: Multiple risk factors in hypertension: results from the Gubbio study. J Hypertens 1990;8(suppl 1):S7-S12.
41. Kaplan NM: The deadly quartet: upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1989;149:1514-1520.
42. Raison J, Bonithon-Kopp C, Egloff M, et al: Hormonal influences on the relationships between body fatness, body fat distribution, lipids, lipoproteins, glucose and blood pressure in French working women. Atherosclerosis 1990;85:185-192.
43. Ducimetiere P, Richard J, Cambien F: The pattern of subcutaneous fat distribution in middle-aged men and the risk of coronary heart disease: the Paris Prospective Study. Int J Obes 1986;10:229-240.
44. Krieger DR, Landsberg L: Mechanisms in obesity-related hypertension: role of insulin and catecholamines. Am J Hypertens 1988;1:84-90.
45. Bonora E, Moghetti P, Zenere M, et al: B cell secretion and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive and normotensive obese subjects. Int J Obes 1990;14:735-742.
46. Laakso M, Sarlund H, Mykkanen L: Essential hypertension and insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Eur J Clin Invest 1989;19:518-526.
47. Havlik RJ, LaCroix AZ, Kleinman JC, Ingram D, et al: Antihypertensive drug therapy and survival by treatment status in a national survey. Hypertension 1989; 13(suppl 5):I28-I32.
48. McVeigh GE, Burns DE, Finkelstein SM, et al: Reduced vascular compliance as a marker for essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1991;4:245-251.
49. Clozel JP, Kuhn H, Hefti F: Decreases of vascular hypertrophy in four different types of arteries in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Med 1989;87(suppl 6B):92S-95S.
50. Weber MA, Smith DH, Neutel JM, Graettinger WF: Arterial properties of early hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1991;5:417-423.