Angola: The politics of unsustainable development

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 551-568

  Munslow, Barry ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORRUPTION;

EID: 0033391443     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436599913686     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Angola Country Report, 4th Quarter 1998, pp 9-10.
2. UNICEF, Unfuluro de csperança para as crianças de Angola, Vol 2, 1998, Graph 7.1.
3. UNICEF, Unfuturo de esperança. Vol 1, 1998, p 185.
4. Freedom of the press is very limited. A few independent publications with restricted circulation appear on the streets of Luanda. These include Folha 8 and Actual, while Radio Lac is an independent radio station broadcasting in Luanda.
5. Anthony Hodges & Walter Vicgas, Country Strategy Study, Norwegian People's Aid, Luanda, 1998, p 39.
6. EIU, Angola Country Report, 3rd Quarter, 1998, pp 15-17.
7. See Africa Confidential, 39 (5), 1998.
8. Africa Confidential, 39 (20), 1998, p 3.
9. 'Ibid.
10. See Southern Africa Monthly Review Bulletin (SAMRB), 7 (9), 1998, p 7.
11. UNICEF, Un futuro de experança, Vol l, p 184.
12. Ibid, p 185.
13. Hodges & Viegas, Country Strategy Study, p. 31.
14. See Barry Munslow & Christopher Brown, 'Complex emergencies: the institutional impasse', Third World Quarterly, 20 (1), 1999, pp 207-221.
15. Barry Munslow 'Angola: the search for peace and reconstruction", in Oliver Furley & Roy May (eds) Peacekeeping in Africa, Aldershot: Ashgale, 1998, pp 179-206.
16. A Government statement, made in a press release in Luanda, 23 December 1998, reads as follows: The Government of the Republic of Angola expresses its concern at the passivity and complacence [sic] with which the international community witnessed UNITA'S successive failures to implement the Lusaka Protocol, despite the timely denunciations made. This enabled UNITA not only to continue its destabilising acts, but to re-arm and re-constitute its forces, which were meanwhile converted into regular forces equipped with armoured cars and long-range artillery with great firepower. Those forces are now estimated to number more than 40 000 men with strategic bases in many parts of the national territory. The Government finds it hard to understand how thousands of United Nations observers stationed in Angola within the framework of Unavem II and Monua never perceived that fact, especially when, earlier this year, they endorsed UNITA'S formal statement that it had completely disarmed and demilitarised its forces.
17. Sec Mary B Anderson, Do no Harm: How Aid can support Peace-or War, Boulder, Co: Lynne Rienncr, 1999.
18. John Marcum, The Angolan Revolution, Vol I: The Anatomy of an Explosion (1950-1962) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1969.
19. Keith Somerville, Angola. Politics, Economics and Society, London, Frances Pinter, 1986, p 11.
20. Linda Heywood, 'Towards an understanding of modern political ideology in Africa: the case of the Ovimbundu of Angola', Journal of Modern African Studies, 36 (1), 1998, p 152.
21. Ibid, pp 164-165.
22. This concentration of power in the presidency is acknowledged among observers of the Angolan political scene. As one source has commented, 'Government remains highly centralised, with a strong presidency, figurehead prime ministers and a National Assembly which is still largely toothless ... Real political, military and economic agendas arc set by an inner circle around the presidency, which is a power base in its own right. Eiu Angola Country Profile 1997-98, 1997, p 6.
23. The Media and Human Righls in Southern Africa, report of the Proceedings of the Southern African Workshop on Human Rights and the Media, Harare, Zimbabwe 11-13 April, 1994, p 15.
24. Jean-Michel Mabeko-Tali, 'L'interminable transition Angolaisic et les multiples dangers de l'incertitude politique', Lusotropicalisme Idéologies coloniales et identités nationales dans les mondes lusophones, Lusotopie, Editions Karthala, Paris, 1997, pp 87-106.
25. Africa Confidential, 39 (20), 1998, p 1.
26. Liu, Angola Country Report, 4th Quarter, 1998, p 6.
27. Africa Confidential, 39 (22), 1998, p 5.
28. Mogalakwe & Lima, Avaliacao do Sistema de Communicacao Social de Angola, Windhoek: Media Institute of Southern Africa, 1997.
29. See Ronald H Chilcote, Emerging Nationalism in Portuguese Africa. Documents, Stanford, CT. Hoover Institution Press, 1972;
30. and Basil Davidson, In the Eye of the Storm: Angola's People, London: Longman, 1972.
31. A B Herrick et al. Area Handbook for Angola, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1967, p 92.
32. D Birmingham & T Ranger, 'Settlers and liberators in the South, 1953-1980', in D Birmingham & P M Martin (cds), History of Central Africa, Vol 2, Harlow: Longman, 1983, p 360.
33. Interview with Antonio Tcixcira, Project Director of Acçao Para O Desenvolvimento Rural E Ambiente, Luanda, 6 July 1998.
34. EIU, Angola Country Report, 4th Quarter, 1998, p 9.
35. See Private Eye, 25 December 1998, p 15. Other reports suggest how some of the Brazilian links may occur. Hence, while De Beers entered into a joint venture with the national Endiama mining company in 1996 to exploit diamond kimbcrlite pipes near Saurimo in Lunda Sul province: 'it has found itself steadily marginalised in the country, with companies such as Brazil's Odebrecht moving in (some insiders claim this is because of a link between the wife of the Angolan President José Eduardo dos Santos and the company)'.
36. Southern African Monthly Review Bulletin, 7 (5), 1998, p 4.
37. See Africa Confidential, 40 (3), 5 February 1999, p 5; and
38. Eiu, Angola Country Report, 4th Quarter, 1998, p 21. Three of the new blocks will be operated by British Petroleum, Elf Acquitaine and Exxon.
39. UNICEF, Unfuturo de csperança. Vol 1, p 37.
40. World Bank, World Development Report 1997, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, p 158.
41. Ibid, p 159.
42. Interview with Domingos Tunga, Vice-Président and National Assembly Deputy of the Party of Social Renewal (G P - P R S), Luanda, 10 July 1998.
43. Daily Telegraph, 14 January 1999.
44. Interview with five UNITA National Assembly deputies, Luanda, 10 July 1998.