First report of Lower Permian basalts in South Tibet: Tholeiitic magmatism during break-up and incipient opening of Neotethys

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 533-546

  Garzanti, E ^a   Le Fort, P ^b   Sciunnach, D ^a  

^a CNR   (Italy)

^b UNIV GRENOBLE ALPES   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BASALT; GONDWANA; PETROGENESIS; PETROLOGY; TETHYS;

CHINA; TIBET;

EID: 0033391405     PISSN: 13679120     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1367-9120(99)00008-5     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Arndt N.T., Jenner G.A. Crustally contaminated komatiites and basalts from Kambalda, Western Australia. Chem. Geol. 56:1986;229-255.
2. Austin J.A., Stoffa P.L., Phillips J.D., Oh J., Sawyer D.S., Purdy G.M., Reiter E., Makris J. Crustal structure of the southeast Georgia embayment-Carolina trough: preliminary results of a composite seismic image of a continental suture (?) and a volcanic passive margin. Geology. 18:1990;1023-1027.
3. Baud A., Gaetani M., Garzanti E., Fois E., Nicora A., Tintori A. Geological observations in southeastern Zanskar and adjacent Lahul area (western Himalaya). Eclogae Geol. Helv. 77:1984;171-197.
4. Bhat M.I. Abor Volcanics: further evidence for the birth of the Tethys ocean in the Himalayan segment. J. Geol. Soc. London. 141:1984;763-775.
5. Bhat M.I., Ahmad T. Petrogenesis and mantle source characteristics of the Abor Volcanic rocks, Eastern Himalayas. J. Geol. Soc. India. 36:1990;227-246.
6. Burchfield B.C., Chen Z-L., Hodges K.V., Liu Y-P., Royden L.H., Deng C-R., Xu J-N. The South Tibetan Detachment System, Himalayan Orogen. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 269:1992;1-41.
7. Regional geology of Yunnan Province. 1990;Geological Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese with brief English text).
8. Caironi V., Garzanti E., Sciunnach D. Typology of detrital zircons as a key to unravelling provenance in rift siliciclastic sequences (Permo-Carboniferous of Spiti, N India). Geodin. Acta. 9:1996;101-113.
9. Carlson R.W., Langmuir G.W., Macdougall J.D. Columbia River volcanism, the question of mantle heterogeneity or crustal contamination. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 45:1981;2483-2500.
10. Chowdhury J.R. Abor volcanics of the Arunachal Himal.: discussion. J. Geol. Soc. India. 20:1979;45.
11. Colchen, M., Le Fort, P., Pêcher, A., 1986. Annapurna, Manaslu, Ganesh Himal. C.N.R.S., Paris.
12. Coffin, M.F., Eldholm, O., 1992. Volcanism and continental break-up: a global compilation of large igneous provinces. In: Storey, B.C., Alabaster, T., Pankhurst, R.J. (Eds.), Magmatism and the causes of Continental Break-up, vol. 68. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., 17-30.
13. Eldholm, O., Thiede, J., Taylor, E. et al., 1987. Summary and preliminary conclusions, ODP Leg 104, Proc. Init. Repts. (Pt. A), 104. ODP, Austin, pp. 751-771.
14. Floyd P.A., Winchester J.A. Magma type and tectonic setting discrimination using immobile elements. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 27:1975;211-218.
15. Gaetani M., Angiolini L., Garzanti E., Jadoul F., Leven Y.E., Nicora A., Sciunnach D. Permian stratigraphy in the Northern Karakorum, Pakistan. Riv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr. 101:1995;107-152.
16. Gaetani M., Garzanti E. Multicyclic history of the northern India continental margin (NW Himalaya). Am. Ass. Petr. Geol. Bull. 75:1991;1427-1446.
17. Gaetani M., Garzanti E., Tintori A. Permo-Carboniferous stratigraphy in SE Zanskar and NW Lahul (NW Himalaya, India). Eclogae Geol. Helv. 83:1990;143-161.
18. Gansser A. Geology of the Himalayas. 1964;Wiley Interscience Publ. London.
19. Garzanti, E., 1986. Storia sedimentaria del margine continentale settentrionale della placca indiana (Tethys Himalaya, Ladakh, India). Tesi di Dottorato di Ricerca, Univ. Milano.
20. Garzanti E. Himalayan ironstones, "superplumes", and the breakup of Gondwana. Geology. 21:1993;105-108.
21. Garzanti E., Angiolini L., Sciunnach D. The mid-Carboniferous to lowermost Permian succession of Spiti (Po Group and Ganmachidam Fm.; Tethys Himalaya, Northern India): Gondwana glaciation and rifting of Neo-Tethys. Geodin. Acta. 9:1996;78-100.
22. Garzanti E., Angiolini L., Sciunnach D. Stratigraphy of the Permian Kuling Group (Spiti, Zanskar and Lahul; NW Himalaya): sedimentary evolution during opening of Neo-Tethys. Riv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr. 102:1996;175-200.
23. Garzanti E., Nicora A., Tintori A. Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of central Dolpo (Nepal Himalaya). Riv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr. 98:1992;271-298.
24. Garzanti E., Nicora A., Tintori T., Sciunnach D., Angiolini L. Late Paleozoic stratigraphy and petrography of the Thini Chu Group (Manang, Central Nepal): sedimentary record of Gondwana glaciation and rifting of Neotethys. Riv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr. 100:1994;155-194.
25. Garzanti E., Sciunnach D. Early Carboniferous onset of Gondwanian glaciation and Neo-Tethyan rifting in Southern Tibet. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 148:1997;359-365.
26. Hill R.I. Starting plumes and continental break-up. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 104:1991;398-416.
27. Honegger K., Dietrich V., Frank W., Gansser A., Thöni M., Trommsdorff V. Magmatism and metamorphism in the Ladakh Himalayas (the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 60:1982;253-292.
28. Jain A.K., Thakur V.C. Abor volcanics of the Arunachal Himalaya. J. Geol. Soc. India. 19:1978;335-349.
29. Jain A.K., Goel R.K., Nair N.G.K. Implications of pre-Mesozoic Orogeny in the geological evolution of the Himalaya and Indo-Gangetic plains. Tectonophysics. 62:1980;67-86.
30. Jin, X-C., 1994. Sedimentary and paleogeographic significance of Permo-Carboniferous sequences in Western Yunnan, China. Geol. Inst. Univ. Köln Sonderveröffentlichungen 99, pp. 136.
31. Kuno H. Differentiation of basalt magmas. Hess H., Poldervaart A. Basalts. 1968;623-688 Interscience.
32. Larson R.L. Geological consequences of superplumes. Geology. 19:1991;963-966.
33. Le Bas M.J., Mian I., Rex D.C. Age and nature of carbonatite emplacement in North Pakistan. Geol. Rundschau. 76:1987;317-323.
34. Le Fort P. A spilitic episode in the Tibetan upper Paleozoic Series of Central Nepal. Bull. Ind. Geol. Ass. Chandigarh. 8:1975;100-105.
35. Le Roex A.P., Dick H.J.B., Erlank A.J., Reid A.M., Frey F.A., Hart S.R. Geochemistry, mineralogy and petrogenesis of lavas erupted along the Southwest Indian Ridge between the Bouvet triple junction and 11 degrees east. J. Petrol. 24:1983;267-318.
36. Lightfoot P.C., Hawkesworth C.J., Dewey C.W., Rodgers N.W., Van Calsteren P.W. Source and differentiation of the Deccan Traps lavas: Implications of geochemical and mineral chemical variations. J. Petrol. 31:1990;1165-1200.
37. Nakamura N. Determination of REE, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na and K in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 38:1974;757-775.
38. Nakazawa K., Kapoor H.M., Ishii K., Bando Y., Okimura Y., Tokuoka T. The Upper Permian and the Lower Triassic in Kashmir, India. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Mem., ser. Geol. Miner. 42:1975;1-106.
39. Nicora A., Garzanti E. The Permian/Triassic boundary in the central Himalaya. Albertiana. 19:1997;47-51.
40. Pearce J.A. Trace elements characteristic of lavas from destructive plate boundaries. Thorpe R.S. Andesites. 1982;525-548 Wiley.
41. Papritz K., Rey R. Evidence for the occurrence of Permian Panjal Trap basalts in the Lesser-and Higher-Himalayas of the Western Syntaxis area, NE Pakistan. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 82:1989;603-627.
42. Pogue K.R., DiPietro J.A., Khan S.R., Hughes S.S., Dilles J.H., Lawrence R.D. Late Paleozoic rifting in Northern Pakistan. Tectonics. 11:1992;871-883.
43. Prasad B., Dey A.K., Gogoi P.K., Maithani A.K. Early Permian plant microfossils from the intertrappean beds of Abor Volcanics, Arunachal Pradesh, India. J. Geol. Soc. India. 34:1989;83-88.
44. Roberts, D.G., Backman, J., Morton, A.C., Murray, J.W., Keene, J.B., 1984. Evolution of volcanic rifted margins: synthesis of Leg 81 results on the west margin of Rockall Plateau, Init. Repts. D.S.D.P., Washington 81, 883-911.
45. Sciunnach D., Garzanti E. Sedimentary record of Late Paleozoic rift and break-up in Northern Gondwana (Thini Chu Group and Tamba-Kurkur Formation; Dolpo Tethys Himalaya, Nepal). Geodin. Acta. 9:1996;41-56.
46. Sciunnach D., Garzanti E. Detrital chromian spinels record tectono-magmatic evolution from Carboniferous rifting to Permian spreading in Neo-Tethys. Ofioliti. 22:1997;101-110.
47. Sinha A.K. Geology of the Higher Central Himalaya. 1989;J. Wiley, Interscience Publications, Chichester.
48. Spring L., Bussy F., Vannay J-C., Huon S., Cosca M.A. Early Permian granitic dykes of alkaline affinity in the Indian High Himalaya of Upper Lahul and SE Zanskar: geochemical characterization and geotectonic implications. Treloar P.J., Searle M.P. Himalayan Tectonics. vol. 74:1993;251-264 Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ.
49. Srikantia S.V., Bhargava O.N. Geology of the Palaeozoic sequence of the Kashmir Tethys Himalayan basins in the Lidder Valley, Jammu and Kashmir. J. Geol. Soc. India. 24:1983;366-373.
50. Srivastava, S.C., Prakash, A., Singh, T., 1988. Permian palynofossils from the eastern Himalaya and their genetic relationship. In: Venkatachala, B.S., Maheshwari, H.K. (Eds.), Concepts, Limits and Extension of the Indian Gondwana. Paleobotanist 36, 326-338.
51. Sun D-L. On the Permian biogeographic boundary between Gondwana and Eurasia in Tibet, China as the eastern section of the Tethys. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 100:1993;59-77.
52. Sun, S.S., McDonough, W.F., 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders, A.D., Norry, M.J. (Eds.), Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., 42, 313-345.
53. Thompson R.N., Morrison M.A., Hendry G.L., Parry S.J. An assessment of the relative roles of crust and mantle in magma genesis: an elemental approach. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London. A310:1984;549-590.
54. Vannay J.C. Géologie des châines du Haut Himalaya et du Pir Panjal au Haut Lahul (NW-Himalaya, Inde). Mém. Géol. Lausanne. 16:1993;1-148.
55. Vannay, J-C., Spring, L., 1993. Geochemistry of continental basalts within the Tethys Himalaya of Lahul-Spiti and SE Zanskar, northwest India. In: Treloar, P.J., Searle, M.P. (Eds.), Himalayan Tectonics. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., 74, 237-249.
56. Veevers J.J., Powell CmcA. Late Paleozoic glacial episodes in Gondwanaland reflected in transgressive-regressive depositional sequences in Euramerica. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 98:1987;475-487.
57. Veevers J.J., Tewari R.C. Permian-Carboniferous and Permian-Triassic magmatism in the rift zone bordering the Tethyan margin of southern Pangea. Geology. 23:1995;467-470.
58. White, R.S., 1992. Magmatism during and after continental break-up. In: Storey, B.C., Alabaster, T., Pankhurst, R.J. (Eds.), Magmatism and the Causes of Continental Break-up. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., 68, 1-16.
59. Wilson M. Igneous petrogenesis, a global tectonic approach. 1989;Unwin and Hyman, London.
60. Wopfner, H., 1994. Early Permian deglaciation sequences reflect end of "ice house" conditions in Northern Gondwana. Permophiles 21-23.
61. Wopfner, H., 1996. Gondwana origin of the Baoshan and Tengchong terranes of west Yunnan. Hall, R., Blundell, D., (Eds.), Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., 106, 539-547.