The Skiddaw Group (English Lake District) reviewed: early Palaeozoic sedimentation and tectonism at the northern margin of Avalonia

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 160, Issue , 1999, Pages 325-336

  Stone, P ^a   Cooper, A H ^a   Evans, J A ^b  

^a BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^b NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PALEOZOIC; STRATIGRAPHY;

UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0033385016     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.21     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. ANDERTON, R. 1982. Dalradian deposition and the late Precambrian-Cambrian history of the N Atlantic region: a review of the early evolution of the Iapetus Ocean. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 139, 421-431.
2. BRANNEY, M. J. & KOKELAAR, B. P. 1994. Volcanotectonic faulting, soft-state deformation and rheomorphism of tuffs during development of a piecemeal caldera, English Lake District. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 106, 507-530.
3. _ & SOPER, N. J. 1988. Ordovician volcano-tectonics in the English Lake District. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 145, 367-376.
4. COCKS, L. R. M., MCKERROW, W. S. & VAN STAAL, C. R. 1997. The margins of Avalonia. Geological Magazine, 134, 627-636.
5. 87Sr evolution in the Stockdale Rhyolite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 61, 297°302.
6. COOPER, A. H. & HUGHES, R. A. 1993. Discussion of Millward, D. and Molyneux, S. G. 1992 'Field and biostratigraphic evidence for an unconformity at the base of the Eycott Volcanic Group in the English Lake District'. Geological Magazine, 130, 271-272.
7. _, RUSHTON, A. W. A., MOLYNEUX, S. G., HUGHES, R. A., MOORE, R. M. & WEBB, B. C. 1995. The stratigraphy, correlation, provenance and palaeogeography of the Skiddaw Group (Ordovician) in the English Lake District. Geological Magazine, 132, 185-211.
8. COOPER, D. C., LEE, M. K., FORTEY, N. J., COOPER, A. H., RUNDLE, C. C., WEBB, B. C. & ALLEN, P. M. 1988. The Crummock Water aureole: a zone of metasomatism and source of ore metals in the English Lake District. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 145, 523-540.
9. DOWNIE, C. & SOPER, N. J. 1972. Age of the Eycott Volcanic Group and its conformable relationship to the Skiddaw Slates in the English Lake District. Geological Magazine, 109, 259-268.
10. EVANS, J. A. 1996. Basin development across Iapetus, Project No. 40079. Final report on Rb-Sr whole rock dating of mudrock suites from the Lake District and Southern Uplands. NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory Report Series, No. 87.
11. _, MILLAR, I. L. & NOBLE, S. R. 1995. Hydration during uplift is recorded by reset Rb-Sr whole-rock ages. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 152, 209-212.
12. FORTEY, N. J., ROBERTS, B. & HIRONS, S. R. 1993. Relationship between metamorphisrn and structure in the Skiddaw Group, English Lake District. Geological Magazine, 130, 631-638.
13. FORTEY, R. A., HARPER, D. A. T., INGHAM, J. K., OWEN, A. W. & RUSHTON, A. W. A. 1995. A revision of Ordovician series and stages from the historical type area. Geological Magazine, 132, 15-30.
14. GALE, N. H., BECKINSALE, R. D. & WADGE, A. J. 1979. A Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron for the Stockdale Rhyolite of the English Lake District and a revised Mid-Palaeozoic time-scale. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 136, 235-242.
15. HELM, D. G. 1970. Stratigraphy and structure in the Black Combe inlier, English Lake District. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 38, 105-148.
16. HUGHES, R. A. & KOKELAAR, P. 1993. The timing of Ordovician magmatism in the English Lake District and Cross Fell inliers. Geological Magazine, 130, 369-377.
17. _, COOPER, A. H. & STONE, P. 1993. Structural evolution of the Skiddaw Group (English Lake District) on the northern margin of eastern Avalonia. Geological Magazine, 130, 621-629.
18. _, EVANS, J. A., NOBLE, S. R. & RUNDLE, C. C. 1996. U-Pb chronology of the Ennerdale and Eskdale intrusions supports sub-volcanic relationships with the Borrowdale Volcanic Group (Ordovician, English Lake District). Journal of the Geological Society, London, 153, 33-38.
19. INGHAM, J. K., MCNAMARA, K. J. & RICKARDS, R. B. 1978. The Upper Ordovician and Silurian rocks. In: MOSELEY, F. (ed.) The geology of the Lake District. Occasional Publication of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 3, 121-145.
20. JOHNSON, E. W. 1992. Geology of the Stoupdale area of Black Combe, south-west Cumbria. British Geological Survey Technical Report, No. WA/92/71.
21. KNELLER, B. C. 1991. A foreland basin on the southern margin of Iapetus. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 148, 207-210.
22. _, KING, L. M. & BELL, A. M. 1993. Foreland basin development and tectonics on the northwest margin of eastern Avalonia. Geological Magazine, 130, 691-697.
23. _, SCOTT, R. W., SOPER, N. J., JOHNSON, E. W. & ALLEN, P. M. 1994. Lithostratigraphy of the Windermere Supergroup, Northern England. Geological Journal, 29, 219-240.
24. MERRIMAN, R. J. & FREY, M. 1999. Patterns of very low grade metamorphism in metapelitic rocks. In: FREY, M. & ROBINSON, D. (eds) Low-grade Metamorphism. Blackwell.
25. _ & PEACOR, D. R. 1999. Very low-grade metapelites: mineralogy, microfabrics and measuring reaction progress. In: FREY, M. & ROBINSON, D. (eds) Low-grade Metamorphism. Blackwell.
26. _, REX, D. C., SOPER, N. J. & PEACOR, D. R. 1995. The age of Acadian cleavage in northern England, UK: K-Ar and TEM analysis of a Silurian metabentonite. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 50, 255-265.
27. MILLWARD, D. & LAWRENCE, D. J. D. 1985. The Stockdale (Yarlside) Rhyolite - a rheomorphic ignimbrite? Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 45, 299-306.
28. _ & Molyneux, S.G. 1992. Field and biostratigraphic evidence for an unconformity at the base of the Eycott Volcanic Group in the English Lake District. Geological Magazine, 129, 77-92.
29. MOLYNEUX, S. G. 1979. New evidence for the age of the Manx Group, Isle of Man. In: HARRIS, A. L., HOLLAND, C. H. & LEAKE, B. E. (eds) The Caledonides of the British Isles Reviewed. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 8, 415-421.
30. _ 1988. Micropalaeontological evidence for the age of the Borrowdale Volcanic Group. Geological Magazine, 125, 541-542.
31. MOORE, R. M. 1992. The Skiddaw Group of Cumbria: Early Ordovician turbidite sedimentation and provenance on an evolving microcontinental margin. PhD Thesis, University of Leeds.
32. PICKERING, K. T. & SMITH, A. G. 1995. Arcs and backarc basins in the Early Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean. The Island Arc, 4, 1-67.
33. PIDGEON, R. T. & AFTALION, M. 1978. Co-genetic and inherited zircon U-Pb systems in granites: Palaeozoic granites of Scotland and England. In: BOWES, D. R. & LEAKE, B. E. (eds) Crustal Evolution in Northwestern Britain and Adjacent Regions. Geological Journal, Special Issue, 10, 183-220.
34. PIPER, J .D. A., STEPHEN, J. C. & BRANNEY, M. J. 1997. Palaeomagnetism of the Borrowdale and Eycott volcanic groups, English Lake District: primary and secondary magnetization during a single late Ordovician polarity chron. Geological Magazine, 134, 481-506.
35. PLANT, J. A., COOPER, D. C., GREEN, P. M., REEDMAN, A. J. & SIMPSON, P. R. 1991. Regional distribution of As, Sb and Bi in the Grampian Highlands of Scotland and English Lake District: implications for gold metallogeny. Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (Section B: Applied earth science), 100, B135-B147.
36. ROBERTS, B., MORRISON, C. & HIRONS, S. 1990. Low grade metamorphism of the Manx Group, Isle of Man: a comparative study of white mica 'crystallinity' techniques. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 147, 271-277.
37. ROBERTS, D. E. 1992. Raven Crags, Mungrisdale. In: TREACUS, J. E. (ed.) Caledonian Structures in Britain south of the Midland Valley (Joint Nature Conservation Committee). Chapman & Hall, 70-73.
38. RUNDLE, C. C. 1979. Ordovician intrusions in the English Lake District. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 136, 29-38.
39. _ 1981. The significance of isotopic dates from the English Lake District for the Ordovician-Silurian time-scale. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 138, 569-572.
40. _ 1982. The chronology of igneous intrusion in the English Lake District. PhD Thesis, University of London.
41. _ 1987. Isotopic analyses of rocks from the English Lake District. Preliminary report and summary of results from the 1986 rock collection. Report of the Isotope Geology Unit of the British Geological Survey, No. 87/6.
42. RUSHTON, A. W. A. & MOLYNEUX, S. G. 1989. The biostratigraphic age of the Ordovician Skiddaw Group in the Black Combe Inlier, English Lake District. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 47, 267-276.
43. SHEPHERD, T. J. & DARBYSHIRE, D. P. F. 1981. Fluid inclusion Rb-Sr isochrons for dating mineral deposits. Nature, 290, 5807.
44. _, BECKINSALE, R. D., RUNDLE, C. C. & DURHAM, J. 1976. Genesis of Carrock Fell tungsten deposits Cumbria: fluid inclusion and isotopic study. Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 85, B63-B73.
45. SIMPSON, A. 1963. The stratigraphy and tectonics of the Manx Slate Series, Isle of Man. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 119, 367-400.
46. _ 1967. The stratigraphy and tectonics of the Skiddaw Slates and the relationship of the overlying Borrowdale Volcanic Series in part of the Lake District. Geological Journal, 5, 391-418.
47. SOPER, N. J. 1970. Three critical localities on the junction of the Borrowdale Volcanic rocks with the Skiddaw Slates in the Lake District. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 37, 461-493.
48. _ & KNELLER, B. C. 1990. Cleaved microgranite dykes of the Shap swarm in the Silurian of NW England. Geological Journal, 25, 161-170.
49. _ & ROBERTS, D. E. 1971. Age of cleavage in the Skiddaw Slates in relation to the Skiddaw aureole. Geological Magazine, 108, 293-302.
50. _, WEBB, B. C. & WOODCOCK, N. H. 1987. Late Caledonian (Acadian) transpression in north-west England: timing, geometry and geotectonic significance. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 46, 175-192.
51. _, STRACHAN, R. A., HOLDSWORTH, R. E., GAYER, R. A. & GREILING, R. O. 1992. Sinistral transpression and the Silurian closure of Iapetus. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 149, 871-880.
52. STONE, P. & EVANS, J. A. 1997. A comparison of the Skiddaw and Manx groups (English Lake District and Isle of Man) using neodymium isotopes. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 51, 343-347.
53. _, FLOYD, J. D., BARNES, R. P. & LINTERN, B. C. 1987. A sequential back-arc and foreland basin thrust duplex model for the Southern Uplands of Scotland. Journal of the Geological Societt, London, 144, 753-764.
54. TANOLI, S. K. & PICKERILL, R. K. 1988. Lithostratigraphy of the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician Saint John Group, southern New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 25, 669-690.
55. THIRLWALL, M. F. & FITTON, J. G. 1983. Sm-Nd garnet age for the Ordovician Borrowdale Volcanic Group, English Lake District. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 140, 511-518.
56. TUCKER, R. D. & MCKERROW, W. S. 1995. Early Palaeozoic chronology: a review in light of new U-Pb zircon ages from Newfoundland and Britain. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32, 368-379.
57. WADGE, A. J., GALE, N. H., BECKINSALE, R. D. & RUNDLE, C. C. 1978. A Rb-Sr isochron age for the Shap Granite. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 42, 297-305.
58. WEBB, B. C. & COOPER, A. H. 1988. Slump folds and gravity slide structures in a Lower Palaeozoic marginal basin sequence (the Skiddaw Group), North West England. Journal of Structural Geology, 10, 463-472.