Root architecture, early development and basal sweep in containerized and bare-rooted Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

Plant and Soil

Volumn 217, Issue 1-2, 1999, Pages 65-78

  Sundström, Erik ^a   Keane, Michael ^b  

^a FoReCo   (Sweden)

^b Research and Development ^*  (Ireland)

Author keywords

Architecture; Bare root; Basal sweep; Container; Dominant root; Douglas fir; Root; Symmetry

Indexed keywords

ARCHITECTURE; ROOT SYSTEM; ROOTING; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT;

PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII;

EID: 0033384521     PISSN: 0032079X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/a:1004693031375     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (43)

1. Anon 1990 SPSS Reference Guide. 950 pp. SPSS Inc., 444 N. Michigan Av., Chicago, Ill. ISBN 0-13-177858-7.
2. Arnott J T 1978 Root development of container-grown and bareroot stock: coastal British Columbia. In The Root Form of Planted Trees. Proc. Symp., 16-19 May 1978. Eds E van Eerden and J M Kinghorn. pp. 257-267. Victoria, B.C., Canada. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria.
3. Burdett A N, Coates H, Eremenko R and Martin P A F 1986 Toppling in British Columbia's lodgepole plantations: Significance, Cause and Prevention. For. Chron. 62, 433-439.
4. Carey M L and Hendrick E 1986 Lodgepole pine in the Republic of Ireland. I. Site types, ground preparation and nutrition. For. Ecol. Man. 15: 4, 301-317.
5. Coutts M P 1983 Development of the structural root system of sitka spruce. Forestry 56, 1-16.
6. Eis S 1974 Root system of western hemlock, western red cedar, and Douglas fir. Can. J. For. Res., 4, 28-38.
7. Fitzsimons B 1988 An assessment of the extent of basal sweep in south coastal lodgepole pine. Irish For. 45: 1, 21-34.
8. Håkansson L and Lindström A 1994 Stability in 20-years old containerised Scots pine plantations. Dep. For. Yield Res., Swed. Univ. Agric. Sci. Inf. Rep. 87, 22 p.
9. Halter M R, Chanway C P and Harper G J 1993 Growth reduction and root deformation of containerised lodgepole pine saplings 11 years after planting. For. Ecol. Man., 56, 131-146.
10. Helgerson O T, Tesch S D, Hobbs S D and McNabb D H 1992 Effects of stocktype, shading, and species on reforestation of a droughty site in southwest Oregon. Northwest Science, 66: 2, 57-61.
11. Hobbs S D and Wearstler K A 1983 Performance of three Douglasfir stocktypes on a skeletal soil. Tree Planters' Notes, 34: 3, 11-14.
12. Hulten H and Jansson K-A 1978 Stability and root deformation of pine plants (Pinus silvestris). In The Root Form of Planted Trees. Proc. Symp., 16-19 May 1978. Victoria, B.C., Canada. Eds E van Eerden and J M Kinghorn. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, pp. 145-150.
13. Huuri O 1978 Effects of various treatments at planting and of soft wall containers on the development of Scots pine. In The Root Form of Planted Trees. Proc. Symp., 16-19 May 1978. Victoria, B.C., Canada. Eds E van Eerden and J M Kinghorn. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, pp. 101-108.
14. Iske K W 1990 Comparison of different plant assortments in Douglas fir. Allgem. Forstzeitschrift. No. 9-10, 235-237.
15. Lindgren O and Örlander G 1978 A study on root development and stability of 6-to-7-year old container plants. In The Root Form of Planted Trees. Proc. Symp., 16-19 May 1978. Victoria, B.C., Canada. Eds E van Eerden and J M Kinghorn. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, pp. 142-145.
16. Lindström A 1978 Root deformation in different types of plant growing systems and possibilities of reducing root deformation. Dep. Forest Prod., Swed. Univ. Agric. Sci., Garpenberg, Sweden. Rep. 91. Environm. Can. Translation, OOENV TR-1710, 93 p.
17. Lindström A 1990 Stability in young stands of containerised Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Dep. For. Yield Res., Swed. Univ. Agric. Sci. Inf. Rep. 57, 28 p.
18. Lindström A and Håkansson L 1994 Going to the root of all evil. About root deformities and stability. Small Scale Forestry, Dep. of For. Yield, Swed. Univ. Agric. Sci., Newsletter 2, pp. 19-23.
19. Long J N 1978 Root system form and its relationship to growth in young planted conifers. In The Root Form of Planted Trees. Proc. Symp., 16-19 May 1978. Victoria, B.C., Canada. Eds E van Eerden and J M Kinghorn. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, pp. 222-234.
20. McDonald P M 1991 Container seedlings outperform bareroot stock: survival and growth after 10 years. New-Forests 5: 2, 147-156.
21. McMinn R G 1963 Characteristics of Douglas fir root systems. Can. J. Bot., 41, 105-122.
22. Michaud D 1983 Effects of cultivation conditions and sorting of plants on the growth of Douglas fir. Annales de Recherches Sylvicoles, AFOCEL, 156-189.
23. Muhle O, Rohrig E, Rossa G, Block W and Gissmann B 1979 Studies on Douglas fir plantings in 1974 and 1975 in northwest Germany. Aus dem Walde, Mitteilungen aus der Niedersachsischen Landesforstverwaltung. No. 29, 7-42.
24. Newton M and Cole E C 1991 Root development in planted Douglas fir under varying competitive stress. Can. J. For. Res., 2: 1, 25-31.
25. Newton M, Cole E C and White D E 1993 Tall planting stock for enhanced growth and domination of brush in the Douglas-fir region. New Forests, 7: 2, 107-121.
26. Nicoll B C and Ray D 1996 Adaptive growth of tree root systems in response to wind action and site conditions. Tree Physiol. 16: 891-898.
27. Nicoll B C, Easton E P, Milner A D, Walker C and Coutts M P 1995 Wind stability factors in tree selection: distribution of biomass within root systems of Sitka spruce clones. In Wind and Trees. Eds M P Coutts and J Grace, pp 276-292. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
28. Nielsen C N 1992 Will traditional conifer tree breeding for enhanced stem production reduce wind stability? Silvae Genetica, 41: 307-318.
29. Nielsen C N 1997 The calculation module for structural roots in the TREEARCH-database. Internal report, 8. The Arboretum, Royal Vet. Agric. Univ., Copenhagen.
30. O'Driscoll J 1980 The importance of lodgepole pine in Irish Forestry. Irish For., 37: 1, 7-22.
31. Owston P W and Stein W I 1978 Survival, growth, and root form of containerized and bare-root Douglas-firs and noble firs seven years after planting. In The Root Form of Planted Trees. Proc. Symp., 16-19 May 1978. Victoria, B.C., Canada. Eds E van Eerden and J M Kinghorn. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, pp. 216-221.
32. Pfeifer A L 1982 Factors that contribute to basal sweep in lodgepole pine. Irish For. 39: 1, 7-16.
33. Preisig C L, Carlson W C and Promnitz L C 1979 Comparative root system morphologies of seeded-in-place, bareroot, and containerized Douglas-fir seedlings after outplanting. Can. J. For. Res. 9: 3, 399-405.
34. Quine C P, Bernard A C, Coutts M P and Reynard B R 1991 Effects of mounds and stumps on the root architecture of Sitka spruce on a peaty gley restocking site. Forestry 64, 385-401.
35. Rosvall O 1994 Stability in lodgepole pine and resistance to wind and snow loads. For. Res. Inst., Sweden. Rep. 2. 45 p.
36. Schmaltz J 1990 Investigations on Douglas fir plants in soft-wall containers. Forst und Holz, 45: 17, 502-504.
37. Stein W I 1984 Wrenching Douglas fir seedlings in August: immediate but no lasting effects. Research Paper, Pacific Northwest, USDA, Forest Service, PNW-317, 12 pp.
38. Strittmatter W 1977 Assessing the reasons for success or failure in the use of containerized plants. Allgemeine Forstzeitschrift. 32: 39, 971-973.
39. Van den Driessche R 1992 Absolute and relative growth of Douglasfir seedlings of different sizes. Tree Physiology, 10: 2, 141-152.
40. Van Erden E 1978 Roots of planted trees in central British Columbia. In The Root Form of Planted Trees. Proc. Symp., 16-19 May 1978, Victoria, B.C., Canada. Eds E van Eerden and J M Kinghorn. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, pp. 201-207.
41. Van Erden E and Arnott J T 1974 Root growth of container-grown stock after planting. In North American containerised tree seedling Symp., Aug. 1974, Denver, Colorado, USA. Eds R W Tinus, W I Stein and W E Balmer. Great Plains Agric. Counc. Publ. 68, pp. 393-397.
42. Wass E F and Smith R B 1994 Impacts of soil disturbance on root systems of Douglas fir and lodgepole pine seedlings. Pacific and Yukon Reg. Can. For. Service. Inform. Rep. BC-X-348. 22 p.
43. Wright J W and Baldwin H I 1957 The 1938 International Union Scots pine provenance test in New Hampshire. Silv. Gen., 6, 2-14.