Observations of mesospheric sporadic sodium layers with the MU radar and sodium lidars

Earth, Planets and Space

Volumn 51, Issue 7-8, 1999, Pages 785-797

  Miyagawa, Hirohisa ^a,d   Nakamura, Takuji ^a   Tsuda, Toshitaka ^a   Abo, Makoto ^b   Nagasawa, Chikao ^b   Kawahara, Takuya D ^c   Kobayashi, Keiji ^c,e   Kitahara, Tsukasa ^c   Nomura, Akio ^c  

^a KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c SHINSHU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^d CHUBU ELECTRIC POWER CO INC   (Japan)

^e JAPAN DEFENSE AGENCY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; LIDAR; MESOSPHERE;

EID: 0033383120     PISSN: 13438832     EISSN: 18805981     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/BF03353237     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Batista, P. P., B. R. Clemesha, and D. M. Simonich, Characteristics of the sporadic sodium layers observed at 23°S, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 15349-15358, 1989.
2. Beatty, T. J., R. L. Collins, C. S. Gardner, C. A. Hostetler, C. F. Sechrist, Jr., and C. A. Tepley, Simultaneous radar and lidar observations of sporadic E and Na layers at Arecibo, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 1019-1022, 1989.
3. Clemesha, B. R., V. W. J. H. Kirchhoff, D. M. Simonich, and H. Takahashi, Evidence of an extra-terrestrial source for the mesospheric sodium layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 5(10), 873-876, 1978.
4. Clemesha, B. R., V. W. J. H. Kirchhoff, D. M. Simonich, H. Takahashi, and P. P. Batista. Spaced lidar and nightglow observations of an atmospheric sodium enhancement, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 3480-3484, 1980.
5. Clemesha, B. R., P. P. Batista, and D. M. Simonich, Concerning the origin of enhanced sodium layers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1267-1270, 1988.
6. Clemesha, B. R., P. P. Batista, and D. M. Simonich, Formation of sporadic sodium layers, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19701-19706, 1996.
7. Cox, R. M. and J. M. C. Plane, An ion-modecule mechanism for the formation of neutral sporadic Na layers, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6349-6359, 1998.
8. Fukao, S., T. Sato, T. Tsuda, S. Kato, K. Wakasugi, and T. Makihira, The MU Radar with an active phased array system: 1. Antenna and power amplifiers, Radio Sci., 20, 1155-1168, 1985a.
9. Fukao, S., T. Tsuda, T. Sato, S. Kato, K. Wakasugi, and T. Makihira, The MU Radar with an active phased array system: 2. In-house equipment, Radio Sci., 20, 1169-1176, 1985b.
10. Gardner, C. S., D. G. Voelz, C. F. Sechrist, Jr., and A. C. Segal, Lidar studies of the nighttime sodium layer over Urbana, Illinois, 1, Seasonal and nocturnal variations, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13659-13673, 1986.
11. Gardner, C. S., D. C. Senft, and K. H. Kwon, Lidar observations of a substantial sodium depletion in the summertime Arctic mesosphere. Nature, 332, 142-144, 1988.
12. Gardner, C. S., X. Tao, and G. C. Papen, Observations of strong wind shears and temperature enhancement during several sporadic Na layer events above Haleakala, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(20), 2809-2812, 1995.
13. Granier, C. and G. Megie, Daytime lidar measurements of the mesospheric sodium layer, Planet. Space Sci., 30, 169-177, 1982.
14. Hansen, G. and U. von Zahn, Sudden sodium layers in polar latitudes, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 52, 585-608, 1990.
15. Kane, T. J., C. S. Gardner, Q. Zhou, J. D. Mathew, and C. A. Tepley, Lidar, radar and airglow observations of a prominent sporadic Na/sporadic E layer event at Arecibo during AIDA-89, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 55(3), 499-511, 1993.
16. Kirkwood, S. and U. von Zahn, On the role of auroral electric fields in the formation of low altitude sporadic-E and sudden sodium layers, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 53, 389-407, 1991.
17. Kobayashi, K., T. Kitahara, T. D. Kawahara, Y. Saito, A. Nomura, T. Nakamura, T. Tsuda, M. Abo, C. Nagasawa, and M. Tsutsumi, Simultaneous measurements of dynamical structure in the mesopause region with lidars and MU radar, Earth Planets Space, 51, this issue, 731-739, 1999.
18. Kwon, K. H., D. C. Senft, and C. S. Gardner, Lidar observations of sporadic sodium layers at Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 14, 199-14,208, 1988.
19. Nagasawa, C. and M. Abo, Lidar observations of a lot of sporadic sodium layers in mid-latitude, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(3), 263-266, 1995.
20. Nakamura, T., T. Tsuda, M. Tsutsumi, K. Kita, T. Uehara, S. Kato, and S. Fukao, Meteor wind observations with the MU radar. Radio Sci., 26, 857-869, 1991.
21. Nakamura, T., T. Tsuda, S. Fukao, H. Takahashi, P. P. Batista, R. A. Buriti, M. Tsutsumi, M. Ishii, K. Igarashi, H. Fukunishi, Y. Yamada, A. Nomura, T. D. Kawahara, K. Kobayashi, C. Nagasawa, M. Abo, and M. J. Taylor, Studies of the MLT regions using the MU radar and simultaneous observations with OH spectrometer and other optical instruments, Adv. Space Res., 19, 643-652, 1997.
22. Namboothiri, S. P., T. Tsuda, M. Tsutsumi, T. Nakamura, C. Nagasawa, and M. Abo, Simultaneous observations of mesospheric gravity waves with the MU radar and a sodium lidar, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4057-4063, 1996.
23. Nomura, A., T. Kano, Y. Iwasaka, H. Fukunishi, T. Hirasawa, and S. Kawaguchi, Lidar observations of the mesospheric sodium layer at Syowa station, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 700-703, 1987.
24. Qian, J., Y. Gu, and C. S. Gardner, Characteristics of the sporadic Na layers observed during the ALOHA/ANLC-93 campaigns, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D6), 6333-6347, 1998.
25. Tsutsumi, M., T. Tsuda, T. Nakamura, and S. Fukao, Wind velocity and temperature fluctuations due to a 2-day wave observed with radio meteor echoes, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D5), 9425-9432, 1996.
26. von Zahn, U., P. von der Gathen, and G. Hansen, Forced release of sodium from upper atmospheric dust particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 76-79, 1987.
27. von Zahn, U. and T. L. Hansen, Sudden neutral sodium layers: a strong link to sporadic E layers, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 50, 93-104, 1988.
28. von Zahn, U. and E. Murad, NaHCO3, a source of Na atoms for sudden sodium layers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 147-150, 1990.
29. Zhou, Q. and J. D. Mathews Generation of sporadic sodium layers via turbulent heating of the atmosphere?, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57(11), 1309-1319, 1995.
30. Zhou, Q., J. D. Mathews, and C. A. Tepley, A proposed temperature dependent mechanism for the formation of sporadic sodium layers, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 55(3), 513-521, 1993.