Lymph node staging in clinically localized prostate cancer

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 191-199

  Parker, C C ^a   Husband, J ^a   Dearnaley, D P ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF CANCER RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Lymph nodes; Prostate cancer; Staging

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CANCER STAGING; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMAN; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MALE; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; NOMOGRAM; PELVIS LYMPH NODE; PELVIS LYMPHADENECTOMY; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROSTATE CANCER;

EID: 0033372791     PISSN: 13657852     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500311     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Krongrad A, Lai H, Lai S. Survival after prostatectomy. JAMA 1997; 278: 44-46.
2. Bluestein DL, Bostwick D, Bergstralh EJ, Oesterling JE. Staging pelvic lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the prostate: risk versus benefit J Urol 1980; 124: 849
3. Petros JA, Catalona WJ. Lower incidence of unsuspected lymph node metastases in 521 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol 1992; 147: 1574-1575.
4. Kupelian PA, Katcher J, Levin HS, Klein EA. Stage T1-2 prostate cancer: a multivariate analysis of factors affecting biochemical and clinical failures after radical prostatectomy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 37: 1043-1052.
5. McGowan DG. The value of extended field radiation therapy in carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1981; 7: 1333-1339.
6. Ploysongsang SS, Aron BS, Shehata WM. Radiation therapy in prostate cancer: whole pelvis with prostate boost or small field to prostate?. Urology 1992; 40: 18-26.
7. Cheng CW, Bergstralh EJ, Zincke H. Stage D1 prostate cancer. A nonrandomized comparison of conservative treatment options versus radical prostatectomy. Cancer 1993; 71: 996-1004.
8. Frohmuller HG, Theiss M, Manseck A, Wirth MP. Survival and quality of life of patients with stage D1 (T1-3, pN1-2, MO) prostate cancer. Radical prostatecomy plus androgen deprivation versus androgen deprivation alone. Eur Urol 1995; 27: 202-206.
9. Cadeddu JA, Partin AW, Epstein JI, Walsh PC. Stage DI (T1-3, N1-3, M0) prostate cancer: a case-controlled comparison of conservative treatment versus radical prostatectomy. Urology 1997; 50: 251-255.
10. Pollack A, Zagars GK. Androgen ablation in addition to radiation therapy for prostate cancer: is there true benefit? Sem Radiat Oncol 1998; 8: 95-106.
11. Hanks GE et al. Ten-year outcomes for pathologic node-positive patients treated in RTOG 75-06. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 40: 765-768.
12. Zagars GK, Pollack A, von Eschenbach AC. Management of unfavourable locoregional prostate carcinoma with radiation and androgen ablation. Cancer 1997; 80: 764-775.
13. Granfors T, Modig H, Damber JE, Tomic R. Combined orchiectomy and external radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for nonmetastatic prostate cancer with or without pelvic lymph node involvement: a prospective randomized study. J Urol 1998; 159: 2030-2034.
14. Seay TM, Blute ML, Zincke H. Long-term outcome in patients with pT x N+ adenocarcinoma of prostate treated with radical prostatectomy and early androgen ablation. J Urol 1998; 159: 357-364.
15. Neal AJ, Dearnaley DP. Prostate cancer: pelvic nodes revisited - sites, incidence and prospects for treatment with radiotherapy. Clin Oncol R Coll Radiol 1993; 5: 309-312.
16. Bolla M et al. Improved survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and goserelin. New Engl J Med 1997; 337: 295-300.
17. Partin AW et al. Combination of prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, and Gleason score to predict pathological stage of localized prostate cancer. A multi-institutional update. JAMA 1997; 277: 1445-1451. (Published erratum appears in JAMA 1997; 278(2): 118).
18. Bluestein DL, Bostwick DG, Bergstralh EJ, Oesterling JE. Eliminating the need for bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy in selected patients with prostate cancer. J Urol 1994; 151: 1315-1320.
19. Narayan P et al. Utility of preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen concentration and biopsy Gleason score in predicting risk of pelvic lymph node metastases in prostate cancer. Urology 1994; 44: 519-524.
20. Roach M. Re: the use of prostate specific antigen, clinical stage and Gleason score to predict pathological state in men with localized prostate cancer (letter; comment). J Urol 1993; 150: 1923-1924.
21. Ackerman DA et al. Analysis of risk factors associated with prostate cancer extension to the surgical margin and pelvic node metastasis at radical prostatectomy. J Urol 1993; 150: 1845-1850.
22. Narayan P et al. The role of transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy-based staging, preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen, and biopsy Gleason score in prediction of final pathologic diagnosis in prostate cancer. Urology 1995; 46: 205-212.
23. Conrad S et al. Systematic sextant biopsies improve preoperative prediction of pelvic lymph node metastases in patients with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma. J Urol 1998; 159: 2023-2029.
24. Stock RG, Stone NN, Ianuzzi C, Unger P. Seminal vesicle biopsy and laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection: implications for patient selection in the radiotherapeutic management of prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995; 33: 815-821.
25. Stone NN, Stock RG, Unger P. Indications for seminal vesicle biopsy and laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection in men with localized carcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 1995; 154: 1392-1396.
26. Kattan MW, Stapleton AM, Wheeler TM, Scardino PT. Evaluation of a nomogram used to predict the pathologic stage of clinically prostate carcinoma. Cancer 1997; 79: 528-537.
27. Wolf J et al. The use and accuracy of cross-sectional imaging and fine needle aspiration cytology for detection of pelvic lymph node metastases before radical prostatectomy. J Urol 1995; 153: 993-999.
28. Scheidler J et al. Radiological evaluation of lymph node metastases in patients with cervical cancer. A meta-analysis. JAMA 1997; 278: 1096-1101.
29. Arger PH. Computer tomography of the lower urinary tract. Urol Clin N Am 1985; 134: 84
30. Emory TH, Reinke DB, Hill AL, Lange PH. Use of CT to reduce understaging in prostatic cancer: comparison with conventional staging techniques. Am J Roentgenol 1983; 141: 351-354.
31. Vinnicombe SJ, Norman AR, Nocolson V, Husband JE. Normal pelvic lymph nodes: evaluation with CT after bipedal lymphangiography. Radiology 1995; 194: 349-355. (Published erratum appears in Radiology 1995 196(3): 800).
32. Weingartner K et al. Anatomical basis for pelvic lymphadenectomy in prostate cancer: results of an autopsy study and implications for the clinic. J Urol 1996; 156: 1969-1971.
33. Van Poppel H et al. Accuracy of combined computerized tomography and fine needle aspiration cytology in lymph node staging of localized prostatic carcinoma. J Urol 1994; 151: 1310-1314.
34. Oyen RH et al. Lymph node staging of localized prostatic carcinoma with CT and CT-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: prospective study of 285 patients. Radiology 1994; 190: 315-322.
35. D'Amico AV et al. The impact of the inclusion of endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging in a multivariate analysis to predict clinically unsuspected extraprostatic cancer. Cancer 1995; 75: 2368-2372.
36. Barentsz JO et al. Staging urinary bladder cancer after transurethral biopsy: value of fast dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 1996; 201: 185-193.
37. Hammersen F, Endrich B, Osterkamp-Baust U. The fine structure of tumour blood vessels: I. Participation of non-endothelial cells in tumour angiogenesis. Int J Microci Clin Exp 1985; 4: 31-43.
38. Bellin MF et al. Lymph node metastases: safety and effectiveness of MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles - initial clinical experience. Radiology 1998; 207: 799-808.
39. Harika L, Weissleder R, Poss K, Papisov MI. Macromolecular intravenous contrast agent for MR lymphography: characterization and efficacy studies. Radiology 1996; 198: 365-370.
40. Barentsz JO. MR intervention in the pelvis: an overview and first experiences in MR-guided biopsy in nodal metastases in urinary bladder cancer. Abdom Imag 1997; 22: 524-530.
41. Neal CE, Swenson LC, Fanning J, Texter JH. Monoclonal antibodies in ovarian and prostate cancer. Sem Nucl Med 1993; 23: 114-126.
42. Hinkle GH et al. Multicenter radioimmunoscintigraphic evaluation of patients with prostate carcinoma using indium-111 capromab pendetide. Cancer 1998; 83: 739-747.
43. Babaian RJ et al. Radioimmunoscintigraphy of pelvic lymph nodes with 111-indium-labeled monoclonal antibody CYT-356. J Urol 1994; 152: 1952-1955.
44. Polascik TJ et al. Comparison of clinical staging algorithms and 111-indium=Capromab pendetide immunoscintigraphy in the prediction of lymph node involvement in high risk prostate carcinoma patients. Cancer 1999; 85: 1586-1592.
45. Shreve PD, Grossman HB, Gross MD, Wahl RL. Metastatic prostate cancer, initial findings of PET with 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose. Radiology 1996; 199: 751-756.
46. Yeh SD et al. Detection of bony metastases of androgen-independent prostate cancer by PET-FDG. Nucl Med Biol 1996; 23: 693-697.
47. Brendler CB, Cleeve LK, Anderson EE, Paulson DF. Staging pelvic lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the prostate risk versus benefit. J Urol 1980; 124: 849-850.
48. Kavoussi LR. Techniques for nodal staging in prostate cancer [editorial; comment]. J Urol 1994; 151: 1324-1325.
49. Davis GL. Sensitivity of frozen section examination of pelvic lymph nodes for metastatic prostate carcinoma. Cancer 1995; 76: 661-668.
50. Parra RO, Andrus C, Boullier J. Stating laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection: comparison of results with open pelvic lymphadenectomy. J Urol 1992; 147: 875-878.
51. Lang GS et al. One hundred consecurive laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissections: comparing complications of the first 50 cases to the second 50 cases. Urology 1994; 44: 221-225.
52. Raboy A, Adler H, Albert P. Extraperitoneal endoscopie pelvic lymph node dissection: a review of 125 patients. J Urol 1997; 158: 2202-2204.
53. Brant LA et al. A new minimally invasive open pelvic lymphadenectomy surgical technique for the staging of prostate cancer. Urology 1996; 47: 416-421.
54. Lezin MS, Cherrie R, Cattolica EV. Comparison of laparoscopic and minilaparotomy pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostate cancer staging in a community practice. Urology 1997; 49: 60-63.
55. Golimbu M et al. Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostatic cancer. J Urol 1979; 121: 617-620.
56. Stone NN, Stock RG, Unger P. Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection for prostate cancer: comparison of the extended and modified techniques. J Urol 1997; 158: 1891-1894.
57. O'Dowd GJ et al. Update on the appropriate staging evaluation for newly diagnosed prostate cancer. J Urol 1997; 158: 687-698.