Physical gelation of melamine formaldehyde resin solutions. II. A combined light-scattering and low-resolution relaxation proton NMR study

Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics

Volumn 37, Issue 23, 1999, Pages 3307-3318

  Jahromi, S ^a   Litvinov, V ^a   Gelade E ^a  

^a DSM RESEARCH   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONDENSATION; COOLING; GELATION; HYDROGEN BONDS; LIGHT SCATTERING; MAGNETIC RELAXATION; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS;

STORAGE STABILITY;

MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE RESINS;

EID: 0033319175     PISSN: 08876266     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19991201)37:23<3307::AID-POLB6>3.0.CO;2-#     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Jahromi, S. Macromol Chem Phys, in press.
2. Tomita, B. J Polym Sci Polym Chem 1977, 15, 2347; Sato, K.; Yamasaki, K. Makromol Chem 1978, 179, 877; Sato, K.; Konakahara, T.; Kawashima, M. Makromol Chem 1982, 183, 875; Scheepers, M. L.; Gelan, J. M.; Carleer, R. A.; Vanderzande, D. J.; Kip, B. J.; Brandts, P. M. Vibra Spec 1993, 6, 55.
3. Tomita, B. J Polym Sci Polym Chem 1977, 15, 2347; Sato, K.; Yamasaki, K. Makromol Chem 1978, 179, 877; Sato, K.; Konakahara, T.; Kawashima, M. Makromol Chem 1982, 183, 875; Scheepers, M. L.; Gelan, J. M.; Carleer, R. A.; Vanderzande, D. J.; Kip, B. J.; Brandts, P. M. Vibra Spec 1993, 6, 55.
4. Tomita, B. J Polym Sci Polym Chem 1977, 15, 2347; Sato, K.; Yamasaki, K. Makromol Chem 1978, 179, 877; Sato, K.; Konakahara, T.; Kawashima, M. Makromol Chem 1982, 183, 875; Scheepers, M. L.; Gelan, J. M.; Carleer, R. A.; Vanderzande, D. J.; Kip, B. J.; Brandts, P. M. Vibra Spec 1993, 6, 55.
5. Tomita, B. J Polym Sci Polym Chem 1977, 15, 2347; Sato, K.; Yamasaki, K. Makromol Chem 1978, 179, 877; Sato, K.; Konakahara, T.; Kawashima, M. Makromol Chem 1982, 183, 875; Scheepers, M. L.; Gelan, J. M.; Carleer, R. A.; Vanderzande, D. J.; Kip, B. J.; Brandts, P. M. Vibra Spec 1993, 6, 55.
6. Naske, R.; Dietrich, K.; Reinisch, G.; Rafler, G. J Macromol Sci Chem 1986, A23, 579.
7. Burchard, W. In: Brown, W., Ed. Light Scattering: Principles and Development; Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1996; Klucker, R.; Munch, J. P.; Schosseler, F. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3839; Bowman, W. A.; Rubinstein, M.; Tan, J. S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3262.
8. Burchard, W. In: Brown, W., Ed. Light Scattering: Principles and Development; Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1996; Klucker, R.; Munch, J. P.; Schosseler, F. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3839; Bowman, W. A.; Rubinstein, M.; Tan, J. S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3262.
9. Burchard, W. In: Brown, W., Ed. Light Scattering: Principles and Development; Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1996; Klucker, R.; Munch, J. P.; Schosseler, F. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3839; Bowman, W. A.; Rubinstein, M.; Tan, J. S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3262.
10. Cosgrove, T.; Griffiths, P. C.; Hollingshurt, J.; Richards, R. D. C.; Semlyen, J. A. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 6761; Ries, M. E.; Brereton, M. G.; Cruickshnak, J. M.; Klein, P. G.; Ward, I. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 3282; Hietelehti, K.; Skrifvars, M.; Root, A.; Sundholm, F. J Appl Polym Sci 1998, 68, 671.
11. Cosgrove, T.; Griffiths, P. C.; Hollingshurt, J.; Richards, R. D. C.; Semlyen, J. A. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 6761; Ries, M. E.; Brereton, M. G.; Cruickshnak, J. M.; Klein, P. G.; Ward, I. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 3282; Hietelehti, K.; Skrifvars, M.; Root, A.; Sundholm, F. J Appl Polym Sci 1998, 68, 671.
12. Cosgrove, T.; Griffiths, P. C.; Hollingshurt, J.; Richards, R. D. C.; Semlyen, J. A. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 6761; Ries, M. E.; Brereton, M. G.; Cruickshnak, J. M.; Klein, P. G.; Ward, I. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 3282; Hietelehti, K.; Skrifvars, M.; Root, A.; Sundholm, F. J Appl Polym Sci 1998, 68, 671.
13. Tomita, B.; Ono, H. J Polym Sci Polym Chem 1979, 17, 3205.
14. See, for example, Tomita, B. J Polym Sci Polym Chem 1977, 15, 2347.
15. The bridge material is defined as those types of linkage that occur between two melamine residues.
16. 2 starts to decrease seems to correspond roughly with the gelation time determined by tube-tilting experiments.
17. Tipton, D. I.; Russo, P. S. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 7402.
18. 1H NMR measurement, and so the overall average heating rates in the two types of experiment are not identical. Therefore, we do not think that the small disagreement in the transition temperature has in the first approximation any physical relevance.
19. Kenwright, A. M.; Say, B. J. In: Ibbett, R. N. Ed. NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers; Blackie Academic and Professional: London, 1993; pp. 231-274.
20. Resing, H. A. J Chem Phys 1965, 43, 669; Kärger, J. J Magn Reson 1983, 51, 8.
21. Resing, H. A. J Chem Phys 1965, 43, 669; Kärger, J. J Magn Reson 1983, 51, 8.
22. Spiess, H. W. NMR Basic Principles and Progress, Vol. 15; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1978; pp. 55-214.
23. Woessner, D. E.; Zimmerman, J. B. J Phys Chem 1963, 67, 1590; Allerhand, A.; Gutowsky, H. S. J Chem Phys 1965, 42, 1587; Hills, B. P.; Takacs, S. F.; Belton, P. S. Molec Phys 1989, 67, 903; Hills, B. P.; Takacs, S. F.; Belton, P. S. Molec Phys 1989, 67, 919; Hills, B. P.; Cano, C.; Belton, P. S. Macromolecules, 1991, 24, 2944.
24. Woessner, D. E.; Zimmerman, J. B. J Phys Chem 1963, 67, 1590; Allerhand, A.; Gutowsky, H. S. J Chem Phys 1965, 42, 1587; Hills, B. P.; Takacs, S. F.; Belton, P. S. Molec Phys 1989, 67, 903; Hills, B. P.; Takacs, S. F.; Belton, P. S. Molec Phys 1989, 67, 919; Hills, B. P.; Cano, C.; Belton, P. S. Macromolecules, 1991, 24, 2944.
25. Woessner, D. E.; Zimmerman, J. B. J Phys Chem 1963, 67, 1590; Allerhand, A.; Gutowsky, H. S. J Chem Phys 1965, 42, 1587; Hills, B. P.; Takacs, S. F.; Belton, P. S. Molec Phys 1989, 67, 903; Hills, B. P.; Takacs, S. F.; Belton, P. S. Molec Phys 1989, 67, 919; Hills, B. P.; Cano, C.; Belton, P. S. Macromolecules, 1991, 24, 2944.
26. Woessner, D. E.; Zimmerman, J. B. J Phys Chem 1963, 67, 1590; Allerhand, A.; Gutowsky, H. S. J Chem Phys 1965, 42, 1587; Hills, B. P.; Takacs, S. F.; Belton, P. S. Molec Phys 1989, 67, 903; Hills, B. P.; Takacs, S. F.; Belton, P. S. Molec Phys 1989, 67, 919; Hills, B. P.; Cano, C.; Belton, P. S. Macromolecules, 1991, 24, 2944.
27. Woessner, D. E.; Zimmerman, J. B. J Phys Chem 1963, 67, 1590; Allerhand, A.; Gutowsky, H. S. J Chem Phys 1965, 42, 1587; Hills, B. P.; Takacs, S. F.; Belton, P. S. Molec Phys 1989, 67, 903; Hills, B. P.; Takacs, S. F.; Belton, P. S. Molec Phys 1989, 67, 919; Hills, B. P.; Cano, C.; Belton, P. S. Macromolecules, 1991, 24, 2944.
28. Joosten, J. G. H.; Geladé, E.; Pusey, P. N. Phys Rev A 1990, 42, 2161.