The use of energy, fat, and protein reserves by breeding Great Black-backed Gulls

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Volumn 77, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 1459-1464

  Mawhinney, K ^a   Diamond, A W ^a   Kehoe, F P ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK   (Canada)

^b New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources   (Canada)

^c DUCKS UNLIMITED CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENERGY BUDGET; FAT RESERVE; NUTRITION; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; PROTEIN; REPRODUCTIVE COST; SEABIRD;

LARUS MARINUS;

EID: 0033306653     PISSN: 00084301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/z99-142     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Alisauskas, R.T., and Ankney, C.D. 1987. Age-related variation in the nutrient reserves of breeding American Coots (Fulica americana). Can. J. Zool. 65: 2417-2420.
2. Ankney, C.D., and MacInnes, C.D. 1978. Nutrient reserves and reproductive performance of female Lesser Snow Geese. Auk, 95: 459-471.
3. Blem, C.R. 1990. Avian energy storage. In Current ornitholgy. Vol. 7. Edited by D.M. Power. Plenum Press, New York. pp. 59-113.
4. Bolton, M. 1991. Determinants of chick survival in the Lesser Black-backed Gull: relative contributions of egg size and parental quality. J. Anim. Ecol. 60: 949-960.
5. Bolton, M., Monaghan, P., and Houston, D.C. 1993. Proximate determination of clutch size in lesser black-backed gulls: the roles of food supply and body condition. Can. J. Zool. 71: 273-279.
6. Burger, J. 1981. On becoming independent in Herring Gull: parent-young conflict. Am. Nat. 117: 444-456.
7. Burger, J. 1987. Selection for equitability in some aspects of reproductive investment in Herring Gulls Larus argentatus. Ornis Scand. 18: 17-23.
8. Burger, J., and Beer, C. 1975. Territoriality in the Laughing Gull (L. atricilla). Behaviour, 55: 201-220.
9. Butler, R.G., and Janes-Butler, S. 1983. Sexual differences in the behavior of adult Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus) during the pre- and post-hatch periods. Auk, 100: 63-75.
10. Dobush, G.R., Ankney, C.D., and Krementz, D.G. 1985. The effect of apparatus, extraction time, and solvent type on lipid extractions of snow geese. Can. J. Zool. 63: 1917-1920.
11. Freedman, S., and Jackson, W.M. 1990. Univariate metrics are not adequate to measure avian body size. Auk, 107: 69-74.
12. Gilliland, S.G. 1990. Predator prey relationships between great black-backed gull (Larus marinus) and common eider (Somateria mollissima) populations on the Wolves Archipelago, New Brunswick: a study of foraging ecology. M.Sc. thesis, University of Western Ontario, London.
13. Hanson, A.R., Ankney, C.D., and Dennis, D.G. 1990. Body weight and lipid reserves of American Black Ducks and Mallards during autumn. Can. J. Zool. 68: 2098-2104.
14. Hario, M., Kilpi, M., and Selin, K. 1991. Parental investment by the sexes in the Herring Gulls: the use of energy reserves during early breeding. Ornis Scand. 22: 308-312.
15. Houston, D.C., Jones, P.J., and Sibly, R.M. 1983. The effect of female body condition on egg laying in Lesser Black-backed Gulls Larus fuscus. J. Zool. 200: 509-520.
16. Järvinen, A., and Ylimaunu, J. 1986. Intraclutch egg-size variation in birds: physiological responses of individuals to fluctuations in environmental conditions. Auk, 103: 235-237.
17. Johnson, D.A., Krapu, G.L., Reinecke, K.J., and Jorde, D.G. 1985. An evaluation of condition indices for birds. J. Wildl. Manag. 49: 569-575.
18. Jones, P.J., and Ward, P. 1976. The level of reserve protein as the proximate factor controlling the timing of breeding and clutch size in the Red-billed Quelea quelea. Ibis, 118: 547-574.
19. Kerr, D.C., Ankney, C.D., and Millar, J.S. 1982. The effect of drying temperature on extraction of petroleum ether soluble fats of small birds and mammals. Can. J. Zool. 60: 470-472.
20. McEwan, E.H., and Whitehead, P.M. 1984. Seasonal changes in body weight and composition of dunlin (Calidris alpina). Can. J. Zool. 62: 154-156.
21. Meathrel, C.E., and Ryder, J.P. 1987. Intraclutch variation in the size, mass and composition of ring-billed gull eggs. Condor, 89: 364-368.
22. Mills, J.A., and Ryder, J.P. 1979. Trap for capturing shore and seabirds. Bird-banding, 50: 121-123.
23. Niebuhr, V. 1981. An investigation of courtship feeding in Herring Gulls Larus argentatus. Ibis, 123: 218-223.
24. Norstrom, R.J., Clark, R.P., Kearney, J.P., and Gilman, A.P. 1986. Herring gull energy requirements and body constituents in the Great Lakes. Ardea, 74: 1-13.
25. O'Connor, R.J. 1980. Energetics of reproduction in birds. Proc. Int. Ornithol. Congr. 10: 306-311.
26. Phillips, R.A., and Furness, R.W. 1997. Sex-specific variation in the loss of mass by breeding Arctic Skuas. J. Avian Biol. 28: 163-170.
27. Pierotti, R. 1981. Male and female parental roles under different environmental conditions in the western gull. Auk, 98: 532-549.
28. Pierotti, R., and Annett, C.A. 1990. Diet and reproductive output in seabirds. BioScience, 40: 568-574.
29. Ricklefs, R.E. 1974. Energetics of reproduction in birds. In Avian energetics. Edited by R.A. Paynter, Jr. Publ. Nuttall Ornithol. Club No. 15. pp. 152-297.
30. Rising, J.D., and Somers, K.M. 1989. The measurement of overall body size in birds. Auk, 106: 666-674.
31. Robbins, C.T. 1981. Estimation of the relative protein costs of reproduction in birds. Condor, 83: 177-179.
32. Salzer, D.W., and Larkin, G.J. 1990. Impact of courtship feeding on clutch and third-egg in Glaucous-winged Gulls. Anim. Behav. 40: 1149-1162.
33. SAS/STAT Institute Inc. 1990. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6. 4th ed. Vol. 1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C.
34. Shaw, P. 1986. Factors affecting the breeding performance of Antarctic blue-eyed Shags Phalacrocorax atriceps. Ornis Scand. 17: 141-150.
35. Southern, L.K. 1981. Sex-related differences in territorial aggression by Ring-billed Gulls. Auk, 98: 179-181.
36. Stephenson, R.L., Lane, D.E., Aldous, D.G., and Nowak, R. 1993. Management of the 4WX Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) fishery: an evaluation of recent events. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50: 2742-2757.
37. Tasker, C.S., and Mills, J.A. 1981. A functional analysis of courtship feeding in the Red-billed Gull, Larus novahollandiae scopulinus. Behaviour, 77: 221-241.
38. Trivers, R.L. 1972. Parental investment and sexual selection. In Sexual selection and the descent of man 1871-1971. Edited by B. Campbell. Aldine Publishing Co., Chicago. pp. 136-179.
39. Viñuela, J. 1997. Adaption vs. constraint: intraclutch egg-mass variation in birds. J. Anim. Ecol. 66: 781-792.
40. Weimerskirch, H. 1992. Reproductive effort in long-lived birds: age-specific patterns of condition, reproduction and survival in the Wandering Albatross. Oikos, 64: 464-473.
41. Wilkinson, L. 1988. The system for statistics, version 7.0. 1st ed. SYSTAT, Chicago.
42. Witter, M.S., and Cuthill, I.C. 1993. The ecological costs of avian fat storage. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 340: 73-92.