Patterns of Political Violence and Responses of the Government in Sri Lanka, 1971-1996

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 110-122

  Samaranayake, Gamini ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PERADENIYA   (Sri Lanka)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033267542     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546559908427497     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. See Chalmers Johnson, Revolutionary Change (Boston: Little, Brown 1966); James C. Davies, 'Toward a Theory of Revolution', American Sociological Review 27 (Feb. 1962) pp.5-19; Ted Robert Gurr, Why Men Rebel (Princeton, NJ: PUP 1970); S.P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, CT: Yale UP 1968).
2. See Chalmers Johnson, Revolutionary Change (Boston: Little, Brown 1966); James C. Davies, 'Toward a Theory of Revolution', American Sociological Review 27 (Feb. 1962) pp.5-19; Ted Robert Gurr, Why Men Rebel (Princeton, NJ: PUP 1970); S.P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, CT: Yale UP 1968).
3. See Chalmers Johnson, Revolutionary Change (Boston: Little, Brown 1966); James C. Davies, 'Toward a Theory of Revolution', American Sociological Review 27 (Feb. 1962) pp.5-19; Ted Robert Gurr, Why Men Rebel (Princeton, NJ: PUP 1970); S.P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, CT: Yale UP 1968).
4. See Chalmers Johnson, Revolutionary Change (Boston: Little, Brown 1966); James C. Davies, 'Toward a Theory of Revolution', American Sociological Review 27 (Feb. 1962) pp.5-19; Ted Robert Gurr, Why Men Rebel (Princeton, NJ: PUP 1970); S.P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, CT: Yale UP 1968).
5. Huntington (note 1).
6. See Gamini Samaranayake, 'Conditions that Contributed to the Origin and Development of the Political Violence Movements in Sri Lanka: A Case of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP)', Modern Sri Lanka Studies 1/1(July-Dec. 1996) pp.17-25.
7. The Statement on Insurgency Made in Parliament on 20 July 1971 by the Honorable Prime Minister, Hansard, Vol.94, 1971-72, p.1816.
8. James Jupp, 'The JVP Insurrection of 1971 and its Impact on the Marxist and Socialist Movement in Ceylon', a paper for a Conference on Sri Lanka (London University, March 1974).
9. Due to the armed attacks, 178 members of the armed forces and 319 police officers were killed by the JVP.
10. Mick More, 'Thoroughly Modern Revolutionaries: The JVP in Sri Lanka', Modern Asian Studies 27/3 (1993) pp.593-642.
11. J. Uyangoda, 'Militarization and Violence: Sri Lanka', in Kumar Rupesinghe and Khawar Mumtaz (eds), Internal Conflicts In South Asia (London: Sage Publications 1996) p. 127.
12. The other four groups are the Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization (TELO), the People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE), the Eelam Revolutionary Organization of Students (EROS), and the Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF). After the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord of 1987, they have enter mainstream politics in Sri Lanka.
13. Gamini Samaranayake, 'Ethnic Conflict and Guerrilla Warfare of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in Sri Lanka', paper presented at Ceylon Study Seminar, University of Peradeniya, Nov. 1998, p.10.
14. Robert C. Oberst, 'A War Without Winners in Sri Lanka', Current History 91/563, p.128.
15. Kenneth Bush, 'Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka', Conflict Quarterly 10/2 (1990) p.42.
16. Robert Thompson, Defeating Communist Insurgency (London: Chatto & Windus 1966) pp.50-57.
17. P. Wilkinson, Terrorism and the Liberal State (London: Macmillan 1986) pp.125-7.
18. This movement was created for the welfare of the security personnel by the government in 1995. It symbolizes the peace effort initiated by the government. The white lotus flower is its symbol.