메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 3-4, 1999, Pages 125-136

Africanized honey bee response to differences in reward frequency

Author keywords

Africanized honey bees; Apis mellifera caucasica; Apis mellifera ligustica; Apis mellifera scutellata; Flower colour; Foraging; Foraging constancy; Reward frequency

Indexed keywords

APINAE; APIS; APIS MELLIFERA; APIS MELLIFERA CAUCASICA; APIS MELLIFERA LIGUSTICA; APIS MELLIFERA SCUTELLATA; APOIDEA;

EID: 0033262707     PISSN: 00218839     EISSN: 20786913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00218839.1999.11101003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 0028175897 scopus 로고
    • Risk sensitive foraging in honey bees: No consensus among individuals and no effect of colony honey stores
    • BANSCHBACH, V S,; WADDINGTON, K D, (1994) Risk sensitive foraging in honey bees:no consensus among individuals and no effect of colony honey stores. Animal Behaviour 47:933–941.
    • (1994) Animal Behaviour , vol.47 , pp. 933-941
    • Banschbach, V.S.1    Waddington, K.D.2
  • 2
    • 0040118910 scopus 로고
    • Foraging behaviour of honey bees on selected alfalfa clones
    • BOREN, R B,; PARKER, R L,; SORENSEN, E L, (1962) Foraging behaviour of honey bees on selected alfalfa clones. Crop Science 2:185–188.
    • (1962) Crop Science , vol.2 , pp. 185-188
    • Boren, R.B.1    Parker, R.L.2    Sorensen, E.L.3
  • 4
    • 0027020489 scopus 로고
    • Patch use under predation risk: I. Models and predictions
    • BROWN, J S, (1992) Patch use under predation risk:I. Models and predictions. Annales Zoologici Fennnici 29:301–309.
    • (1992) Annales Zoologici Fennnici , vol.29 , pp. 301-309
    • Brown, J.S.1
  • 5
    • 0024818182 scopus 로고
    • Learning in honeybees as a function of amount of reward: Tests of the equal-asymptote assumption
    • BUCHANAN, G M,; BITTERMAN, M E, (1989) Learning in honeybees as a function of amount of reward:tests of the equal-asymptote assumption. Animal Learning and Behaviour 17:475–480.
    • (1989) Animal Learning and Behaviour , vol.17 , pp. 475-480
    • Buchanan, G.M.1    Bitterman, M.E.2
  • 6
    • 0000765919 scopus 로고
    • Honey bee forager individual constancy: Innate or learned?
    • CAKMAK, I,; WELLS, H, (1995) Honey bee forager individual constancy:innate or learned? Bee Science 3:165–173.
    • (1995) Bee Science , vol.3 , pp. 165-173
    • Cakmak, I.1    Wells, H.2
  • 7
    • 3342940117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flower color, nectar reward, and the flower fidelity of the Caucasian honey bee (Apis mellifera caucasica)
    • CAKMAK, I,; WELLS, H, (1996) Flower color, nectar reward, and the flower fidelity of the Caucasian honey bee (Apis mellifera caucasica). Turkish Journal of Zoology 20:1–8.
    • (1996) Turkish Journal of Zoology , vol.20 , pp. 1-8
    • Cakmak, I.1    Wells, H.2
  • 8
    • 0005893703 scopus 로고
    • An empirical demonstration of risk sensitive foraging preferences
    • CARACO, T,; MARTINDALE, S,; WHITTAM, T S, (1980) An empirical demonstration of risk sensitive foraging preferences. Animal Behaviour 28:820–830.
    • (1980) Animal Behaviour , vol.28 , pp. 820-830
    • Caraco, T.1    Martindale, S.2    Whittam, T.S.3
  • 9
    • 84990744902 scopus 로고
    • Colony energy requirements affect response to predation risks in foraging bumble bees
    • CARTAR, R V, (1991a) Colony energy requirements affect response to predation risks in foraging bumble bees. Ethology 87:90–96.
    • (1991) Ethology , vol.87 , pp. 90-96
    • Cartar, R.V.1
  • 10
    • 0026049064 scopus 로고
    • A test of risk-sensitive foraging in wild bumble bees
    • CARTAR, R V, (1991b) A test of risk-sensitive foraging in wild bumble bees. Ecology 72:888–895.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 888-895
    • Cartar, R.V.1
  • 12
    • 0026301440 scopus 로고
    • Costs of energy shortfall for bumble bee colonies: Predation, social parasitism, and brood development
    • CARTAR, R V,; DILL, L M, (1991) Costs of energy shortfall for bumble bee colonies:predation, social parasitism, and brood development. Canadian Entomology 123:283–293.
    • (1991) Canadian Entomology , vol.123 , pp. 283-293
    • Cartar, R.V.1    Dill, L.M.2
  • 13
    • 0000407892 scopus 로고
    • Diet-selection ecology of tropically and temperately adapted honey bees
    • DANKA, R G,; HELLMICH, R L, II; RINDERER, T E,; COLLINS, A M, (1987) Diet-selection ecology of tropically and temperately adapted honey bees. Animal Behaviour 35:1858–1863.
    • (1987) Animal Behaviour , vol.35 , pp. 1858-1863
    • Danka, R.G.1    Hellmich, R.L.2    Rinderer, T.E.3    Collins, A.M.4
  • 14
    • 0039527358 scopus 로고
    • Foraging population sizes of Africanized and European honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) colonies
    • DANKA, R G,; RINDERER, T E,; HELLMICH, R L, II; COLLINS, A M, (1986) Foraging population sizes of Africanized and European honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) colonies. Apidologie 17:193–202.
    • (1986) Apidologie , vol.17 , pp. 193-202
    • Danka, R.G.1    Rinderer, T.E.2    Hellmich, R.L.3    Collins, A.M.4
  • 15
    • 0040118908 scopus 로고
    • Power K.B., (ed), Hindustan, Delhi, India
    • DEODIKER, G B, (1978) In Power, K B, (ed) Recent research in geology Vol. 4. Hindustan, Delhi, India.
    • (1978) Recent research in geology , vol.4
    • Deodiker, G.B.1
  • 16
    • 0020872180 scopus 로고
    • Diet shifts in moose due to predator avoidance
    • EDWARDS, J, (1983) Diet shifts in moose due to predator avoidance. Oecologia 60:185–189.
    • (1983) Oecologia , vol.60 , pp. 185-189
    • Edwards, J.1
  • 17
    • 0002252625 scopus 로고
    • Defense against predators
    • Feder M.E., Lauder G.V., (eds), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA
    • ENDLER, J A, (1986) Defense against predators. In Feder, M E,; Lauder G V, (eds) Predator-prey relationships. University of Chicago Press; Chicago, USA; pp 109–139.
    • (1986) Predator-prey relationships. , pp. 109-139
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 18
    • 0002827625 scopus 로고
    • Reduced foraging of the tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in the presence of parasitic phorid flies, Pseudacteon spp. (Diptera: Phori- dae)
    • FEENER, D H,; BROWN, B V, (1992) Reduced foraging of the tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera:Formicidae), in the presence of parasitic phorid flies, Pseudacteon spp. (Diptera:Phori- dae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 85:80–84.
    • (1992) Annals of the Entomological Society of America , vol.85 , pp. 80-84
    • Feener, D.H.1    Brown, B.V.2
  • 19
    • 0029662713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of nectar collection in relation to honey storage levels by honey bees
    • FEWEL, J H,; WINSTON, M L, (1996) Regulation of nectar collection in relation to honey storage levels by honey bees, Apis mellifera. Behavioural Ecology 7:286–291.
    • (1996) Apis mellifera. Behavioural Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 286-291
    • Fewel, J.H.1    Winston, M.L.2
  • 20
    • 0000463702 scopus 로고
    • The African bee, Apis mellifera adansonii, in Africa
    • FLETCHER, D J C, (1978) The African bee, Apis mellifera adansonii, in Africa. Annual Review of Entomology 23:151–171.
    • (1978) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.23 , pp. 151-171
    • Fletcher, D.J.C.1
  • 21
    • 0023510715 scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection under predation hazard: A test of a model with foraging minnows
    • GILLIAM J F, FRASER D F, (1987) Habitat selection under predation hazard:a test of a model with foraging minnows. Ecology 68:1856–1862.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 1856-1862
    • Gilliam, J.F.1    Fraser, D.F.2
  • 22
    • 0028972165 scopus 로고
    • Predation risk and the cost of being fat
    • GOSLER, A G,; GREENWOOD, J J D,; PERRINS, G, (1995) Predation risk and the cost of being fat. Nature 377:621–623.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.377 , pp. 621-623
    • Gosler, A.G.1    Greenwood, J.J.D.2    Perrins, G.3
  • 23
    • 0000317113 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of prey selection: Implications of predator foraging tactics
    • GREENE, C H, (1986) Patterns of prey selection:implications of predator foraging tactics. American Naturalist 128:824–839.
    • (1986) American Naturalist , vol.128 , pp. 824-839
    • Greene, C.H.1
  • 25
    • 0028162616 scopus 로고
    • Diet changes in resource demand: Competition and predation in species replacement among crayfish
    • HILL, A M,; LODGE, D M, (1994) Diet changes in resource demand:competition and predation in species replacement among crayfish. Ecology 75:2118–2126.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 2118-2126
    • Hill, A.M.1    Lodge, D.M.2
  • 26
    • 0031239126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous flower constancy and learning in honey bees as a function of colour
    • HILL, P S,; WELLS, P H,; WELLS, H, (1997) Spontaneous flower constancy and learning in honey bees as a function of colour. Animal Behaviour 54:615–627.
    • (1997) Animal Behaviour , vol.54 , pp. 615-627
    • Hill, P.S.1    Wells, P.H.2    Wells, H.3
  • 27
    • 0000522824 scopus 로고
    • The choice of two prey types that minimizes the probability of starvation
    • HOUSTON, A,; MCNAMARA, I, (1985) The choice of two prey types that minimizes the probability of starvation. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 17:135–141.
    • (1985) Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.17 , pp. 135-141
    • Houston, A.1    McNamara, I.2
  • 28
    • 0039527355 scopus 로고
    • Observations on honeybee foraging behaviour
    • JOHANSEN, J B,; MAYER, R E, (1987) Observations on honeybee foraging behaviour. American Bee Journal 127:194–196.
    • (1987) American Bee Journal , vol.127 , pp. 194-196
    • Johansen, J.B.1    Mayer, R.E.2
  • 30
    • 49549134276 scopus 로고
    • Some factors governing prey selection by the 15-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia.)
    • KISLALIOGLU, M,; GIBSON, R N, (1976) Some factors governing prey selection by the 15-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 25:159–169.
    • (1976) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.25 , pp. 159-169
    • Kislalioglu, M.1    Gibson, R.N.2
  • 31
    • 0028680690 scopus 로고
    • The role of predation in shaping the behaviour, morphology and community organization of desert rodents
    • KOTLER, B P,; BROWN, J S,; MITCHELL, W A, (1994) The role of predation in shaping the behaviour, morphology and community organization of desert rodents. Australian Journal of Zoology 42:449–466.
    • (1994) Australian Journal of Zoology , vol.42 , pp. 449-466
    • Kotler, B.P.1    Brown, J.S.2    Mitchell, W.A.3
  • 33
    • 0025252617 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural decisions made under the risk of predation: A review and prospects
    • LIMA, S L,; DILL, L M, (1990) Behavioural decisions made under the risk of predation:a review and prospects. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:619–640.
    • (1990) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.68 , pp. 619-640
    • Lima, S.L.1    Dill, L.M.2
  • 34
    • 0000827897 scopus 로고
    • The common currency for behavioral decisions
    • MCNAMARA, J M,; HOUSTON, A I, (1986) The common currency for behavioral decisions. American Naturalist 127:358–378.
    • (1986) American Naturalist , vol.127 , pp. 358-378
    • McNamara, J.M.1    Houston, A.I.2
  • 35
    • 0023482693 scopus 로고
    • Starvation and predation as factors limiting population size
    • MCNAMARA, J M,; HOUSTON, A I, (1987) Starvation and predation as factors limiting population size. Ecology 68:1515–1519.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 1515-1519
    • McNamara, J.M.1    Houston, A.I.2
  • 36
    • 0001285224 scopus 로고
    • Risk sensitive foraging: A review of the theory
    • MCNAMARA, J M,; HOUSTON, A I, (1992) Risk sensitive foraging:a review of the theory. Mathematical Biology 54:355–378.
    • (1992) Mathematical Biology , vol.54 , pp. 355-378
    • McNamara, J.M.1    Houston, A.I.2
  • 39
    • 0000138812 scopus 로고
    • How crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) hunt at flowers
    • MORSE, D H, (1984) How crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) hunt at flowers. Journal of Arachnology 12:307–316.
    • (1984) Journal of Arachnology , vol.12 , pp. 307-316
    • Morse, D.H.1
  • 40
    • 0022889711 scopus 로고
    • Predatory risk to insects foraging at flowers
    • MORSE, D H, (1986) Predatory risk to insects foraging at flowers. Oikos 46:223–228.
    • (1986) Oikos , vol.46 , pp. 223-228
    • Morse, D.H.1
  • 41
    • 0001184108 scopus 로고
    • Foraging response of the ant Lasius pallitarsis to food sources with associated mortality risk
    • NONACS, P,; DILL, L M, (1988). Foraging response of the ant Lasius pallitarsis to food sources with associated mortality risk. Insectes Sociaux 35:293–303.
    • (1988) Insectes Sociaux , vol.35 , pp. 293-303
    • Nonacs, P.1    Dill, L.M.2
  • 42
    • 0025639451 scopus 로고
    • Mortality risk vs. food quality trade off in a common currency: Ant patch preference
    • NONACS, P,; DILL, L M, (1990) Mortality risk vs. food quality trade off in a common currency:ant patch preference. Ecology 71:1886–1892.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1886-1892
    • Nonacs, P.1    Dill, L.M.2
  • 44
    • 0038934824 scopus 로고
    • Turkiye icin onemli bir balarisi (Apis mellifera L.) avcibocegi Philanthus triangulum abdelkader Lep. (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)
    • OZBEK, H, (1982) Turkiye icin onemli bir balarisi (Apis mellifera L.) avcibocegi Philanthus triangulum abdelkader Lep. (Hymenoptera:Sphecidae). Ataturk Universitesi Fen Fakultesi Dergisi 13:47–54.
    • (1982) Ataturk Universitesi Fen Fakultesi Dergisi , vol.13 , pp. 47-54
    • Ozbek, H.1
  • 45
    • 0009786508 scopus 로고
    • Differential nectar foraging by Africanized and European honeybees in the neotropics
    • PESANTE, D,; RINDERER, T E,; COLLINS, A M, (1987) Differential nectar foraging by Africanized and European honeybees in the neotropics. Journal of Apicultural Research 26:210–216.
    • (1987) Journal of Apicultural Research , vol.26 , pp. 210-216
    • Pesante, D.1    Rinderer, T.E.2    Collins, A.M.3
  • 46
    • 0024185809 scopus 로고
    • Predator avoidance, microhabitats shift and risk sensitive foraging in larval dragonflies
    • PIERCE, C C, (1988) Predator avoidance, microhabitats shift and risk sensitive foraging in larval dragonflies. Oecologia 77:81–90.
    • (1988) Oecologia , vol.77 , pp. 81-90
    • Pierce, C.C.1
  • 47
    • 0002142970 scopus 로고
    • Volatiles from empty comb increase hoarding by the honey bee
    • RINDERER, T E, (1981) Volatiles from empty comb increase hoarding by the honey bee. Animal Behaviour 29:1275–1276.
    • (1981) Animal Behaviour , vol.29 , pp. 1275-1276
    • Rinderer, T.E.1
  • 48
    • 0040712690 scopus 로고
    • Sociochemical alteration of honey bee hoarding behavior
    • RINDERER, T E, (1982a) Sociochemical alteration of honey bee hoarding behavior. Journal of Chemical Ecology 8:867–871.
    • (1982) Journal of Chemical Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 867-871
    • Rinderer, T.E.1
  • 49
    • 0040118903 scopus 로고
    • Regulated nectar harvesting by the honeybee
    • RINDERER, T E, (1982b) Regulated nectar harvesting by the honeybee. Journal of Apicultural Research 21:74–87.
    • (1982) Journal of Apicultural Research , vol.21 , pp. 74-87
    • Rinderer, T.E.1
  • 50
    • 0040712691 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of honey bee hoarding efficiency
    • RINDERER, T E, (1983) Regulation of honey bee hoarding efficiency. Apidologie 14:87–92.
    • (1983) Apidologie , vol.14 , pp. 87-92
    • Rinderer, T.E.1
  • 52
    • 0040118901 scopus 로고
    • Effect of empty comb on hoarding behavior and honey production of the honey bee
    • RINDERER, T E,; BAXTER, J R, (1978) Effect of empty comb on hoarding behavior and honey production of the honey bee. Journal of Economic Entomology 71:757–759.
    • (1978) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.71 , pp. 757-759
    • Rinderer, T.E.1    Baxter, J.R.2
  • 53
    • 0038934819 scopus 로고
    • Honey bee hoarding behaviour: Effect of previous stimulation by empty comb
    • RINDERER, T E,; BAXTER, J R, (1979) Honey bee hoarding behaviour:effect of previous stimulation by empty comb. Animal Behaviour 27:426–428.
    • (1979) Animal Behaviour , vol.27 , pp. 426-428
    • Rinderer, T.E.1    Baxter, J.R.2
  • 54
    • 0001822144 scopus 로고
    • Foraging behavior and honey production
    • Spivak M., Fletcher D.J.C., Breed M.D., (eds), Westview Press, San Francisco, USA
    • RINDERER, T E,; COLLINS, A M, (1991) Foraging behavior and honey production. In Spivak, M,; Fletcher, D J C,; Breed, M D, (eds) The African honey bee. Westview Press; San Francisco, USA; pp 235–257.
    • (1991) The African honey bee. , pp. 235-257
    • Rinderer, T.E.1    Collins, A.M.2
  • 55
    • 0000033369 scopus 로고
    • Honey production and underlying nectar harvesting activities of Africanized and European honey bees
    • RINDERER, T E,; COLLINS, A M,; TUCKER, K W, (1985) Honey production and underlying nectar harvesting activities of Africanized and European honey bees. Journal of Apicultural Research 23:161–167.
    • (1985) Journal of Apicultural Research , vol.23 , pp. 161-167
    • Rinderer, T.E.1    Collins, A.M.2    Tucker, K.W.3
  • 56
    • 0002858982 scopus 로고
    • Nectar foraging characteristics of Africanized and European honeybees of the neotropics
    • RINDERER, T E,; BOLTEN, A B,; COLLINS, A M,; HARBO, J R, (1984) Nectar foraging characteristics of Africanized and European honeybees of the neotropics. Journal of Apicultural Research 23:70–79.
    • (1984) Journal of Apicultural Research , vol.23 , pp. 70-79
    • Rinderer, T.E.1    Bolten, A.B.2    Collins, A.M.3    Harbo, J.R.4
  • 59
    • 0038934820 scopus 로고
    • A unique beekeeping enterprise in Columbia
    • ROBINSON, G E, (1982) A unique beekeeping enterprise in Columbia. Bee World 63:43–66.
    • (1982) Bee World , vol.63 , pp. 43-66
    • Robinson, G.E.1
  • 60
    • 0001047095 scopus 로고
    • Biometrical-sta-tistical analysis of the geographic variability of Apis mellifera L. I. Materials and methods
    • RUTTNER, F,; TASSENCOURT, L,; LOUVEAUX, J, (1978) Biometrical-sta-tistical analysis of the geographic variability of Apis mellifera L. I. Materials and methods. Apidologie 9:363–381.
    • (1978) Apidologie , vol.9 , pp. 363-381
    • Ruttner, F.1    Tassencourt, L.2    Louveaux, J.3
  • 62
    • 0037808925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAS Institute, Inc; Ducksberry Press, Belmont, USA
    • SALL, F,; LEHMAN, A, (1996) JMP IN. SAS Institute, Inc; Ducksberry Press; Belmont, USA.
    • (1996) JMP IN.
    • Sall, F.1    Lehman, A.2
  • 64
    • 0003055863 scopus 로고
    • Predators and prey lifestyles: An evolutionary and ecological overview
    • Kerfoot W.C., Sih A., (eds), University of New England, Hanover, USA
    • SIH, A, (1987) Predators and prey lifestyles:an evolutionary and ecological overview. In Kerfoot, W C,; Sih, A, (eds) Predation:direct and indirect impacts on aquatic communities. University of New England; Hanover, USA; pp 201–225.
    • (1987) Predation: Direct and indirect impacts on aquatic communities. , pp. 201-225
    • Sih, A.1
  • 65
    • 0038934818 scopus 로고
    • The yellow banded wasp, Vespa orientalis L. 2. Population density, bee capture efficiency, and predation rate on honey bee, Apis mellifera L
    • SIHAG, R C, (1992) The yellow banded wasp, Vespa orientalis L. 2. Population density, bee capture efficiency, and predation rate on honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Korean Journal of Apiculture 7:35–38.
    • (1992) Korean Journal of Apiculture , vol.7 , pp. 35-38
    • Sihag, R.C.1
  • 66
    • 0038934817 scopus 로고
    • Philanthus triangulum and its recent eruption as a predator of honey bees in an Egyptian oasis
    • SIMONTHOMAS, R T,; SIMONTHOMAS, A M J, (1980) Philanthus triangulum and its recent eruption as a predator of honey bees in an Egyptian oasis. Bee World 61:97–107.
    • (1980) Bee World , vol.61 , pp. 97-107
    • Simonthomas, R.T.1    Simonthomas, A.M.J.2
  • 67
    • 0030176774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predation risk and state-dependent foraging in scorpions: Effects of moonlight on foraging in the scorpion
    • SKUTELSKY, O, (1996) Predation risk and state-dependent foraging in scorpions:effects of moonlight on foraging in the scorpion Buthus occitanus. Animal Behaviour 52:49–57.
    • (1996) Buthus occitanus. Animal Behaviour , vol.52 , pp. 49-57
    • Skutelsky, O.1
  • 71
    • 0027528069 scopus 로고
    • Predation risk influences the use of foraging sites by tits
    • SUHONEN, J, (1993) Predation risk influences the use of foraging sites by tits. Ecology 74:1197–1203.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1197-1203
    • Suhonen, J.1
  • 72
    • 0022852289 scopus 로고
    • Risky business: On the ecological relevance of risksensitive foraging
    • WEISBURG, M, (1986) Risky business:on the ecological relevance of risksensitive foraging. Oikos 46:261–262.
    • (1986) Oikos , vol.46 , pp. 261-262
    • Weisburg, M.1
  • 73
    • 0021086791 scopus 로고
    • Honey bee foraging ecology: Optimal diet, minimal uncertainty or individual constancy
    • WELLS, H,; WELLS, P H, (1983) Honey bee foraging ecology:optimal diet, minimal uncertainty or individual constancy. Journal of Animal Ecology 52:829–836.
    • (1983) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.52 , pp. 829-836
    • Wells, H.1    Wells, P.H.2
  • 74
    • 0021571885 scopus 로고
    • Can honey bees change foraging patterns?
    • WELLS, H,; WELLS, P H, (1984) Can honey bees change foraging patterns? Ecological Entomology 9:407–473.
    • (1984) Ecological Entomology , vol.9 , pp. 407-473
    • Wells, H.1    Wells, P.H.2
  • 75
    • 0022854634 scopus 로고
    • Optimal diet, minimal uncertainty and individual constancy in the foraging of honey bees
    • WELLS, H,; WELLS, P H, (1986) Optimal diet, minimal uncertainty and individual constancy in the foraging of honey bees. Journal of Animal Ecology 55:881–891.
    • (1986) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.55 , pp. 881-891
    • Wells, H.1    Wells, P.H.2
  • 76
    • 0027077318 scopus 로고
    • Nectivore foraging ecology: Rewards differing in sugar types
    • WELLS, H,; HILL, P S,; WELLS, P H, (1992) Nectivore foraging ecology:rewards differing in sugar types. Ecological Entomology 17:280–288.
    • (1992) Ecological Entomology , vol.17 , pp. 280-288
    • Wells, H.1    Hill, P.S.2    Wells, P.H.3
  • 77
    • 0001245050 scopus 로고
    • Honey bee responses to reward size and colour in an artificial flower patch
    • WELLS, H,; WELLS, P H,; SMITH, D M, (1981) Honey bee responses to reward size and colour in an artificial flower patch. Journal of Apicultural Research 20:172–179.
    • (1981) Journal of Apicultural Research , vol.20 , pp. 172-179
    • Wells, H.1    Wells, P.H.2    Smith, D.M.3
  • 78
    • 0004101413 scopus 로고
    • Harvard University Press, Cambridge, USA
    • WILSON, E O, (1979) Insect societies. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, USA.
    • (1979) Insect societies.
    • Wilson, E.O.1
  • 79
    • 0002248157 scopus 로고
    • Swarming, after swarming, and reproductive rate of unmanaged honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera)
    • WINSTON, M L, (1980) Swarming, after swarming, and reproductive rate of unmanaged honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera). Insectes Sociaux 27:391–398.
    • (1980) Insectes Sociaux , vol.27 , pp. 391-398
    • Winston, M.L.1
  • 81
    • 0040806328 scopus 로고
    • Harvard University Press, Cambridge, USA
    • WINSTON, M L, (1992) The killer bees. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, USA.
    • (1992) The killer bees.
    • Winston, M.L.1
  • 82
  • 83
    • 0002440233 scopus 로고
    • Some differences between temperate European and tropical African and South American honeybees
    • WINSTON, M L,; TAYLOR, O R,; OTIS, G W, (1983) Some differences between temperate European and tropical African and South American honeybees. Bee World 63:12–21.
    • (1983) Bee World , vol.63 , pp. 12-21
    • Winston, M.L.1    Taylor, O.R.2    Otis, G.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.