Physics, the state, and civil society in the Soviet Union

Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 173-192

  Holloway, David ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033260243     PISSN: 08909997     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/27757823     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Alexander Vucinich, Science in Russian culture: A history to 1860 (London, 1963); Vucinich, Science in Russian culture 1861-1917 (2 vols., Stanford, 1970).
2. Alexander Vucinich, Science in Russian culture: A history to 1860 (London, 1963); Vucinich, Science in Russian culture 1861-1917 (2 vols., Stanford, 1970).
3. David Joravsky, Soviet Marxism and natural science, 1917-1932 (London, 1961); Kendall Bailes, Technology and society under Lenin and Stalin (Princeton, 1978); Alexander Vucinich, Empire of knowledge: The Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1971-1970) (Berkeley, 1984).
4. David Joravsky, Soviet Marxism and natural science, 1917-1932 (London, 1961); Kendall Bailes, Technology and society under Lenin and Stalin (Princeton, 1978); Alexander Vucinich, Empire of knowledge: The Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1971-1970) (Berkeley, 1984).
5. David Joravsky, Soviet Marxism and natural science, 1917-1932 (London, 1961); Kendall Bailes, Technology and society under Lenin and Stalin (Princeton, 1978); Alexander Vucinich, Empire of knowledge: The Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1971-1970) (Berkeley, 1984).
6. See Gary Werskey, The visible college (London, 1978).
7. From an address given in 1992, quoted by Gerald Holton, Science and anti-science (Cambridge, 1993), 176.
8. David Holloway, Stalin and the bomb: The Soviet Union and atomic energy, 1939-56 (New Haven, 1994).
9. Ibid., chapt. 1.
10. David Joravsky, The Lysenko affair (Cambridge, 1970).
11. V. Ia. Frenkel', "Zhar pod peplom," Zvezda, 4 (1991), 141.
12. On this session see V.P. Vizgin, "Martovskaia (1936 g.) sessiia AN SSSR: Sovetskaia fizika v fokuse," Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki, 1 (1990), 63-84, and "Martovskaia (1936 g.) sessia AN SSSR: Sovetskaia fizika v fokuse. II (arkhivnoe priblizhenie)," ibid., 3 (1991), 36-55. The quotations are taken from the latter article, pp. 43-46.
13. On this session see V.P. Vizgin, "Martovskaia (1936 g.) sessiia AN SSSR: Sovetskaia fizika v fokuse," Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki, 1 (1990), 63-84, and "Martovskaia (1936 g.) sessia AN SSSR: Sovetskaia fizika v fokuse. II (arkhivnoe priblizhenie)," ibid., 3 (1991), 36-55. The quotations are taken from the latter article, pp. 43-46.
14. Holloway (ref. 5), 46.
15. Thomas Kuhn, The structure of scientific revolutions, 2nd edn. (Chicago, 1970), 94.
16. Holloway (ref. 5), 147-148.
17. I.V. Stalin, "Rech' na predvybornom sobranii izbiratelei Stalinskogo izbiratel'nogo okruga goroda Moskvy, 9 fevraliia 1946g," in Robert H. McNeil, ed., I.V. Stalin, Works. Vol. 3, 1946-1953 (Stanford, 1967), 19.
18. Quoted in A.S. Sonin, "Soveshchanie, kotoroe ne sostoialos," Priroda, 3 (1990), 97-102, on 98.
19. Cf. Ethan Pollock, "The anti-cosmopolitan campaign and Soviet physics," paper presented at the Berkeley conference.
20. On this episode see V.P. Vizgin, "Spasennaia dvazhdy: Sovetskaia teoreticheskaia fizika mezhdu filosofiei i iadernym oruzhiem," V.P. Vizgin, ed., Isotriia sovetskogo atomnogo proekta: Dokumenty, vospominaniia i issledovaniia, Vyp. 1 (Moscow, 1998), 329-391. On Khariton's role see D.A. Cherniakhovskii, "Zametki vracha," Iulii Borisovich Khariton: Put' dlinoiu v vek (Moscow, 1999), 446-449, on 448.
21. On this episode see V.P. Vizgin, "Spasennaia dvazhdy: Sovetskaia teoreticheskaia fizika mezhdu filosofiei i iadernym oruzhiem," V.P. Vizgin, ed., Isotriia sovetskogo atomnogo proekta: Dokumenty, vospominaniia i issledovaniia, Vyp. 1 (Moscow, 1998), 329-391. On Khariton's role see D.A. Cherniakhovskii, "Zametki vracha," Iulii Borisovich Khariton: Put' dlinoiu v vek (Moscow, 1999), 446-449, on 448.
22. On this whole episode see "Beriia i teoriia otnositel' nosti," Istoricheskii arkhiv, 3 (1994), 215-223.
23. Ibid., 217.
24. Ibid., 218.
25. See, for example, the essays on Eastern Europe in John Keane, ed., Civil society and the state (London, 1988).
26. John A. Hall, "In search of civil society," Hall, ed., Civil society: Theory, history, comparison (Cambridge, 1995), 15.
27. Giuseppe Di Palma, "Legitimation from the top to civil society: Politico-cultural change in Eastern Europe," World politics, 44 (1991), 49-81, on 63.
28. "Introduction," John B. Thompson and David Held, eds., Habermas: Critical debates (London, 1982), 4.
29. Jürgen Habermas, The structural transformation of the public sphere (Cambridge, 1991).
30. Jürgen Habermas, "Technology and science as 'ideology,'" Habermas, Toward a rational society (London, 1971), 81-122, on 118-119.
31. Richard Rorty, "Science as solidarity," Hilary Lawson and Lisa Appignanesi, eds., Dismantling truth: Reality in the post-modern world (London, 1989), 8.
32. Ibid., 8-9.
33. Thomas S. Kuhn, "Reflections on my critics,' Imre Lakatos and Alan Musgrave, eds., Criticism and the growth of knowledge (London, 1970), 261.
34. Mark Azbel, Refusenik (London, 1981), 132. The word in the English text is "civilian," but could be translated as "civil," since the same Russian word - grazhdanskii - would be used for both English terms.
35. N. Bulganin, Doklad na plenume TsK KPSS, 4 iiulia 1955 goda (Moscow, 1955), 10.
36. This passage is based on Kapitsa's letter of 15 Dec 1955 in P.L. Kapitsa, Pis'ma o nauke (Moscow, 1989), 314-319, on 316.
37. G.V. Platonov, "Znachenie dialekticheskogo materializma dlia bor'by s idealizmom i metafizikoi v estestvoznanii," Dialekticheskii materializm i sovremennoe estestvoznanie (Moscow, 1957), 4.
38. M.E. Omel'ianovskii, "Zadachi razrabotki problemy dialekticheskii materializm i sovremennoe estestvoznanie," Vestnik Akademii Nauk, 10 (1956), 3.
39. "'Kruglyi stol.' Stranitsy istorii sovetskoi genetiki v literature poslednykh let," Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki, 4 (1987).
40. Cf. David Holloway, "Innovation in science - The case of cybernetics in the Soviet Union," Science studies, 4 (1974), 299-337.
41. P.N. Fedoseev, Filosofskie problemy sovremennogo estestvoznaniia (Moscow, 1959), 600.
42. A.D. Sakharov, Razmyshleniia o progresse, mirnom sosushchestvovanii i intellektual'noi svobode (Frankfurt am Main, 1970), 3.
43. A.D. Sakharov, V.F. Turchin, and R.A. Medvedev to the Central Committee, Mar 1970, Survey (Summer 1970), 164.
44. Pravda (1 Apr 1968), 2.
45. Cf. Stephen Shapin, A social history of truth: Civility and science in seventeenth century England (Chicago, 1994).