The first line of response for people who self-poison: Exploring the options for gut decontamination

Journal of Advanced Nursing

Volumn 30, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 1360-1367

  Clegg, Theresa ^a   Hope, Kevin ^b  

^a Birch Hill Hospital   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Accident and emergency; Evidence based practice; Gut decontamination; Nursing practice; Overdose; Parasuicide; Self poisoning; Suicide

Indexed keywords

ANTIDOTE; CHARCOAL; EMETIC AGENT; IPECAC;

ALGORITHM; DECISION TREE; EMERGENCY NURSING; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HUMAN; INTOXICATION; METHODOLOGY; NURSING; REVIEW; STOMACH LAVAGE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ALGORITHMS; ANTIDOTES; CHARCOAL; DECISION TREES; EMERGENCY NURSING; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; EMETICS; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; GASTRIC LAVAGE; HUMANS; IPECAC; POISONING; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0033258006     PISSN: 03092402     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01237.x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Albertson T.E., Derlet R.W., Minguillon M.C. & Tharratt S.R. (1989) Superiority of activated charcoal alone compared with ipecac and activated charcoal in the treatment of acute toxic ingestions. Annals of Emergency Medicine 18, 56-59.
2. Allison T.B., Gough J.E., Brown L.H. & Thomas S.H. (1997) Potential time savings by pre-hospital administration of activated charcoal. Prehospital Emergency Care 1, 73-75.
3. Auerbach P.S., Osterloh J., Braun O., Hu P., Geehr E.C., Kizer K.W. & Mckinney H. (1986) Efficacy of gastric emptying: gastric lavage versus emesis induced with ipecac. Annals of Emergency Medicine 15, 692-698.
4. Bosse G.M., Barefoot J.A., Pfeifer M.P. & Rodgers G.C. (1995) Comparison of three methods of gut decontamination in tricylclic antidepressant overdose. Journal of Emergency Medicine 13, 203-209.
5. Carrigan J.T. (1994) The psychosocial needs of patients who have attempted suicide by overdose. Journal of Advanced Nursing 20, 635-642.
6. Chyka P.A. & Seger D. (1997) Position statement: single-dose activated charcoal. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Journal of Toxicology and Clinical Toxicology 35, 721-741.
7. Davis D.M. (ed) (1991) Textbook of Adverse Drug Reactions, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
8. Dennis M., Owens D. & Jones S. (1990) Epidemiology of deliberate selfpoisoning; trends in hospital attendances. Health Trends 22, 125-126.
9. Dollery C. (1991) Therapeutic Drugs, Vol. 1. Churchill Livingston, London.
10. Ellenhorn M.J. (1997) Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. Williams and Wilkins, London.
11. Goulding R., Vale J.A. & Meredith T.J. (1987) Poisoning with drugs and chemical substances: introduction and epidemiology In Oxford Textbook of Medicine (Weatherall D.J., Ledingham J.G. & Warrell D.A., eds). Oxford University Press, Oxford.
12. Harris C.R. & Kingston R. (1992) Gastrointestinal decontamination. Which method is best? Post Graduate Medicine 91, 179-186.
13. Hawton K. (1983) Attempted suicide. Medicine International 1, 1551-1553.
14. Hawton K. (1987) Attempted Suicide. A Practical Guide to its Nature and Management. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
15. Hawton K., Fagg J., Simkin S., Bale E. & Bond A. (1997) Trends in deliberate self harm in Oxford 1985-95. Implications for clinical services and the prevention of suicide. British Journal of Psychiatry 171, 556-560.
16. Hawton K. & James R. (1995) General hospital trends for attempted suicide patients: a survey in one region. Health Trends 17, 18-21.
17. Henry J.A. & Hoffman J.R. (1998) Continuing controversy on gut decontamination. Lancet 352, 420-421.
18. Jawary D., Cameron P.A., Dziukas L. & McNeil J.J. (1992) Drug overdose - reducing the load. The Medical Journal of Australia 156, 343-346.
19. Klerman G.L. (1987) Clinical epidemiology of suicide. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 48, 33-38.
20. Knight K.M. & Doucet H.J. (1987) Gastric rupture and death caused by ipecac syrup. South Medical Journal 80, 786-787.
21. Krenzelok E.P. (1988) Ipecac versus lavage: pros and cons. Critical Decisions in Emergency Medicine 3, 1-8.
22. Krenzelok E.P. & Dunmire S.M. (1992) Acute poisoning emergencies. Resolving the gastric decontamination controversy. Post Graduate Medicine 91, 179-186.
23. Kulig K., Bar-Or D., Cantrill S.V., Rosen P. & Rumack B.H. (1985) Management of acutely poisoned patients without gastric emptying. Annals of Emergency Medicine 14, 562-267.
24. MacNamara A.F., Riyat M.S. & Quinton D.N. (1996) The changing profile of poisoning and its management. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 80, 608-610.
25. Martindale W. (1996) Martindale: the extra pharmacopoeia, 31st edn. Royal Pharmaceutical Society, London.
26. McDougal C.B. & Maclean M.A. (1981) Modifications in the technique of gastric lavage. Annals of Emergency Medicine 10, 514-517.
27. McEvedy C.J. (1997) Trends in self poisoning: admissions to a Central London hospital 1991-94. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 90, 496-498.
28. McGaughey J. & Harrison S. (1995) Suicide and parasuicide: a selected review of the literature. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2, 199-206.
29. McMasters B., Brian D. & Pimblett A. (1993) The selection of treatment for self poisoned patients in the accident and emergency department. Accident and Emergency Nursing 1, 132-138.
30. Menzies D.G., Busutill A. & Prescott L.F. (1988) Fatal pulmonary aspiration of oral activated charcoal. British Medical Journal 297, 459-460.
31. Meredith T.J. (1993) Epidemiology of poisoning. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 59, 251-256.
32. Neuvonen P.J. & .Olkkola K.J. (1988) Oral activated charcoal in the treatment of toxications. Role of single and repeated doses. Medical Toxicology 3, 33-58.
33. Neuvonen P.J., Vartiainen M. & Tokolao O. (1983) Comparison of activated charcoal and ipecacuanha syrup in prevention of drug absorbtion. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 24, 557-562.
34. Physick P.S. (1812) Account of a new mode of extracting poisonous substances from the stomach. Cited by Vale J.A. (1992) in First European Training Course for Poisons Information Specialists and Clinical Toxicologists. Abstracts. Birmingham Dudley Road Hospital.
35. Pond S.M., Lewis-Driver D.J., Williams G.M., Green A.C. & Stevenson N.W. (1995) Gastric emptying in acute overdose: a prospective randomised controlled trial. Medical Journal of Australia 163, 345-349.
36. Proudfoot A.T. (1996) Assessment of the poisoned patient. Acute Human Poisoning One Day Symposium 20th September, Beaumont Hospital.
37. Rumack B.H., Sayre N.K. & Gelman C.R., eds (1999) Agents Shown to Be Absorbed by Charcoal. Poisindex System, Micromedex Inc, Englewood, Colorado. Edition expires 31 March 1999.
38. Ryan J.V., Clemmett S. & Perez-Avila C. (1996) Managing patients with deliberate self harm admitted to an accident and emergency observation ward. Journal of Accident and Emergency Medicine 13, 31-33.
39. Saetta J.P., March S., Gaunt M.E. & Quinton D.N. (1991) Gastric Emptying procedures in the self-poisoned patient: are we forcing gastric contents beyond the pyloris? Journal of Royal Society of Medicine 84, 274-276.
40. Sporer K.A. (1993) Whole bowel irrigation in the management of ingested poisoning. Western Medical Journal 159, 601.
41. Tandberg D., Diven B.G. & Mcleod J.M. (1986) Ipecac induced emesis versus gastric lavage. A controlled study in normal adults. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 4, 205-209.
42. Tenenbein M. (1988) Whole bowel irrigation as a gastrointestinal decontamination procedure after acute poisoning. Medical Toxicology 3, 77-84.
43. Tenenbein M., Cohen S. & Sitar D.S. (1987) Efficacy of ipecac induced emesis, orogastric lavage and activated charcoal for acute drug overdose. Annals of Emergency Medicine 16, 838-841.
44. Timberlake G.A. (1984) Ipecac as a cause of Mallory-Weiss Syndrome. South Medical Journal 77, 804-805.
45. Toxbase® & The Database of the National Poisons Information Service (Edinburgh). Edition expires 1 June 1999.
46. Underhill T.J. (1990) A comparison of the efficacy of gastric lavage, ipecacuanha and activated charcoal in the emergency management of paracetamol overdose. Archives of Emergency Medicine 7, 148-154.
47. Volans G. (1997) Acute poisoning: initial management and sources of information. Emergency Nurse 5, 14-19.
48. Walk G. (1994) A.B.P.I. Data-sheet Compendium 1994-95. Datapharm Publications, London.
49. Watson W.A., Cremer K.F. & Chapman J.A. (1986) Gastrointestinal obstruction associated with multiple dose activated charcoal. Journal of Emergency Medicine 4, 401-407.
50. Wrenn K., Rodenwald L. & Dockstader L. (1993) Potential misuse of ipecac. Annals of Emergency Medicine 22, 408-412.