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85033951802
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The URL of Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe is
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For hardcopies of the online documents, please contact the author at ns2742a@american.edu. The URL of Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe is: http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe. The URL of EUR-Lex is: http:// europa.eu.int.eur-lex. The URL of Rapid is: http://europa.eu.int/rapid.
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2
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85033941609
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The URL of EUR-Lex is
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For hardcopies of the online documents, please contact the author at ns2742a@american.edu. The URL of Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe is: http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe. The URL of EUR-Lex is: http:// europa.eu.int.eur-lex. The URL of Rapid is: http://europa.eu.int/rapid.
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3
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85033958195
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The URL of Rapid is
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For hardcopies of the online documents, please contact the author at ns2742a@american.edu. The URL of Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe is: http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe. The URL of EUR-Lex is: http:// europa.eu.int.eur-lex. The URL of Rapid is: http://europa.eu.int/rapid.
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4
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85033941782
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Euro-Arab cooperation and conflict in the areas of oil and gas
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ed. Nazih N. Ayubi. (Reading, United Kingdom: Ithaca Press)
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E.g. Giacomo Luciani, "Euro-Arab Cooperation and Conflict in the Areas of Oil and Gas" in Distant Neighbours: The Political Economy of Relations between Europe and the Middle East/North Africa, ed. Nazih N. Ayubi. (Reading, United Kingdom: Ithaca Press), 1995, pp. 65-87. For a history of this dialogue see Haifaa A. Jawad, Euro-Arab Relations: A Study in Collective Diplomacy, (Reading, United Kingdom : Ithaca Press), 1992.
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(1995)
Distant Neighbours: The Political Economy of Relations between Europe and the Middle East/North Africa
, pp. 65-87
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Luciani, G.1
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5
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0009142545
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(Reading, United Kingdom : Ithaca Press)
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E.g. Giacomo Luciani, "Euro-Arab Cooperation and Conflict in the Areas of Oil and Gas" in Distant Neighbours: The Political Economy of Relations between Europe and the Middle East/North Africa, ed. Nazih N. Ayubi. (Reading, United Kingdom: Ithaca Press), 1995, pp. 65-87. For a history of this dialogue see Haifaa A. Jawad, Euro-Arab Relations: A Study in Collective Diplomacy, (Reading, United Kingdom : Ithaca Press), 1992.
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(1992)
Euro-Arab Relations: A Study in Collective Diplomacy
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Jawad, H.A.1
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6
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85033956554
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note
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EU/Mediterranean States: Barcelona Declaration Sets Out Cooperation Goals, European Report, no. 2089, 12/02/1995 [online], available: Lexis-Nexis: Academic Universe.
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8
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85033967250
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note
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Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community, of the one part, and the countries parties to the Charter of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (the State of the United Arab Emirates, the State of Bahrain, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Sultanate of Oman, the State of Qatar and the State of Kuwait) of the other part. Document 289A0225 (01). Official Journal of the European Communities No. L 054, 25/02/1989 P. 0003-0015. [online]. Available: EUR-Lex.
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9
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85033946934
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Art. 10.
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Art. 10.
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10
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85033949257
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note
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When speaking about the European Union, the "Troika" comprises the government that holds the current presidency of the European Council, as well as the previous and the upcoming presidents.
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11
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85033965011
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note
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Ministerial Meeting and 6th EU-GCC Joint Council - Luxembourg, 22 April 1996, DN: PRES/96/103, Date: 1996-04-22 [online]. Available: Rapid. Hereafter referred to as: 6th EU-GCC Joint Council.
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13
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85033953588
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(Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies)
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Anthony H. Cordesman, Stability and Instability in the Gulf, (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies), 1999.
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(1999)
Stability and Instability in the Gulf
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Cordesman, A.H.1
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14
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March, Center for Strategic and International Studies [online]
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Anthony H. Cordesman, The United States, Japan, Europe and the Gulf Meeting External Challenges, March, 1997, Center for Strategic and International Studies [online]. Available: http://www.csis.org/mideast/ reports/euusjglf.html [accessed 04/27/1999].
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(1997)
The United States, Japan, Europe and the Gulf Meeting External Challenges
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Cordesman, A.H.1
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15
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85033957600
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See Appendix I.
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See Appendix I.
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16
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85033953588
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(Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies)
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Anthony H. Cordesman, Stability and Instability in the Gulf, (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies), 1999, p. 56.
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(1999)
Stability and Instability in the Gulf
, pp. 56
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Cordesman, A.H.1
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19
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24944468592
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Communication from the Commission to the Council: Improving Relations between the European Union and the Countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Commission of the European Communities, 11/ 22/1995. COM(95) 541 final. Hereafter referred to as: Communication from the Commission.
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Communication from the Commission
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20
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85033963672
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note
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Iran Criticized Gulf-U.S. Military Maneuvers, Xinhua News Agency, 04/11/1999 [online], available: Lexis-Nexis: Academic Universe; UAE Reiterates Sovereignty over Islands, Xinhua News Agency, 04/25/1999 [online], available: Lexis-Nexis: Academic Universe.
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22
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85033969453
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note
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See for instance: Ministerial Meeting and 7th EU-GCC Joint Council Doha, Qatar, 17 February 1997, DN: PRES/97/27, Date: 1997-02-07 [online]. Available: Rapid. Hereafter referred to as: 7th Joint Council.
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23
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85033945496
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Trade Compliance Center: Middle East, Gulf Cooperation Council, National Trade Estimate Reports 1998, Country Report [online]
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Trade Compliance Center: Middle East, Gulf Cooperation Council, National Trade Estimate Reports 1998, Country Report [online]. Available: http://www.mac.gov/tcc/country.htm [accessed: 02/25/99].
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24
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85033967333
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EEC/Gulf: Commission proposal greeted with disappointment
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10/14/ 1987
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"EEC/Gulf: Commission Proposal Greeted with Disappointment," European Report, no. 1348, 10/14/ 1987.
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European Report
, Issue.1348
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25
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85033961814
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Exclusive interview with Claude Cheysson, EEC commissioner for north-south relations: EEC/Arab countries and UNCTAD VII
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07/08/1987
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"Exclusive Interview with Claude Cheysson, EEC Commissioner for North-South Relations: EEC/Arab Countries and UNCTAD VII," European Report, no. 1328, 07/08/1987.
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European Report
, Issue.1328
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28
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note
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The past, present and future EU presidents met with three representatives of the other side.
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29
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After 1995 the new area of decentralized business cooperation was added.
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30
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85033973441
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For more information on non-tariff barriers to trade in the GCC, see:Trade Compliance Center: Middle East, Gulf Cooperation Council, National Trade Estimate Reports 1998, Country Report [online]
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For more information on non-tariff barriers to trade in the GCC, see:Trade Compliance Center: Middle East, Gulf Cooperation Council, National Trade Estimate Reports 1998, Country Report [online]. Available: http://www.mac.gov/tcc/country.htm [accessed: 02/25/99].
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31
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note
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Focus on Fish Deaths, Info-Prod Research (Middle East) Ltd., April 12, 1999 [online]. Available: Lexis-Nexis. New Focus on Water Resources - Report, Info-Prod Research (Middle East) Ltd., February 14, 1999 [online]. Available: Lexis-Nexis.
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EC/GCC: Differences persist over energy/carbon tax
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04/17/1993
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"EC/GCC: Differences Persist over Energy/Carbon Tax," European Report, no. 1851, 04/17/1993; 8th Joint Council; see also the first GCC-EU Conference on Advanced Oil and Gas Technologies - keynote speech by Pedrode Sampaio Nunes, director of energy technology, European Commission, Bahrain, 13-15 October 1997 [online]. Available: Rapid.
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European Report
, Issue.1851
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see also the first GCC-EU Conference on Advanced Oil and Gas Technologies - keynote speech by Pedrode Sampaio Nunes, director of energy technology, European Commission, Bahrain, 13-15 October 1997 [online]. Available: Rapid
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"EC/GCC: Differences Persist over Energy/Carbon Tax," European Report, no. 1851, 04/17/1993; 8th Joint Council; see also the first GCC-EU Conference on Advanced Oil and Gas Technologies - keynote speech by Pedrode Sampaio Nunes, director of energy technology, European Commission, Bahrain, 13-15 October 1997 [online]. Available: Rapid.
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8th Joint Council
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34
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Muscat, Oman - 19/20 April DN: IP/94/305, Date: 1994-04-15 [online]. Available: Rapid
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EU/GCC Energy Symposium, Muscat, Oman - 19/20 April 1994, DN: IP/94/305, Date: 1994-04-15 [online]. Available: Rapid.
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(1994)
EU/GCC Energy Symposium
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35
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EC/GCC: Differences persist over energy/carbon tax
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04/17/1993
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"EC/GCC: Differences Persist over Energy/Carbon Tax," European Report, no. 1851, 04/17/1993.
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European Report
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38
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EC/GCC: Differences persist over energy/carbon tax
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04/17/93
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"EC/GCC: Differences Persist over Energy/Carbon Tax," European Report, no. 1851, 04/17/93. "EC-GCC Joint Cooperation Committee Meeting, 04/15/1993," Internal Briefing by the European Commission, Brussels 04/16/1993, BIO (93) 97; 8th Joint Council.
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European Report
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39
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EC-GCC joint cooperation committee meeting, 04/15/1993
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Internal Briefing by the European Commission, Brussels 04/16/1993, BIO (93) 97
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"EC/GCC: Differences Persist over Energy/Carbon Tax," European Report, no. 1851, 04/17/93. "EC-GCC Joint Cooperation Committee Meeting, 04/15/1993," Internal Briefing by the European Commission, Brussels 04/16/1993, BIO (93) 97; 8th Joint Council.
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8th Joint Council
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40
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85033963605
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EU/Gulf states: Prospect of free trade agreement taking shape
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10/28/ 1998
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"EU/Gulf States: Prospect of Free Trade Agreement Taking Shape," European Report, no. 2354, 10/28/ 1998.
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European Report
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41
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EU/Gulf states: Prospect of free trade agreement taking shape
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10/28/ 1998
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"EU/Gulf States: Prospect of Free Trade Agreement Taking Shape," European Report, no. 2354, 10/28/ 1998.
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European Report
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42
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EC/GCC: Differences persist over energy/carbon tax
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04/17/93
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"EC/GCC: Differences Persist over Energy/Carbon Tax," European Report, no. 1851, 04/17/93.
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European Report
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47
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EC/GCC: Differences persist over energy/carbon tax
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04/17/93
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"EC/GCC: Differences Persist over Energy/Carbon Tax," European Report, no. 1851, 04/17/93; AEC-GCC Joint Cooperation Committee Meeting, 04/15/1993," Internal Briefing by the European Commission, Brussels 04/16/1993, BIO (93) 97; 8th Joint Council.
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European Report
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48
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85033951475
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AEC-GCC joint cooperation committee meeting, 04/15/1993
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Internal Briefing by the European Commission, Brussels 04/16/1993, BIO (93) 97
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"EC/GCC: Differences Persist over Energy/Carbon Tax," European Report, no. 1851, 04/17/93; AEC-GCC Joint Cooperation Committee Meeting, 04/15/1993," Internal Briefing by the European Commission, Brussels 04/16/1993, BIO (93) 97; 8th Joint Council.
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8th Joint Council
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49
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EC-GCC joint cooperation committee meeting, 04/15/1993
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Internal Briefing by the European Commission, Brussels 04/16/1993, BIO (93) 97
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"EC-GCC Joint Cooperation Committee Meeting, 04/15/1993," Internal Briefing by the European Commission, Brussels 04/16/1993, BIO (93) 97; 8th Joint Council.
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8th Joint Council
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50
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Internal Briefing by the European Commission, Brussels 04/16/1993, BIO (93) 97
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"EC-GCC Joint Cooperation Committee Meeting, 04/15/1993," Internal Briefing by the European Commission, Brussels 04/16/1993, BIO (93) 97.
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EC-GCC Joint Cooperation Committee Meeting, 04/15/1993
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51
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GCC needs big investment
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01/25/1997 [online]
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"GCC Needs Big Investment," The Emirates News Bulletin, 01/25/1997 [online]. Available: http:// www.uaeinteract.com/homefrm.html [accessed 05/13/1999]; "EC/GCC: Differences Persist over Energy/ Carbon Tax," European Report, no. 1851, 04/17/93; 8th Joint Council.
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The Emirates News Bulletin
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52
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EC/GCC: Differences persist over energy/ carbon tax
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04/17/93
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"GCC Needs Big Investment," The Emirates News Bulletin, 01/25/1997 [online]. Available: http:// www.uaeinteract.com/homefrm.html [accessed 05/13/1999]; "EC/GCC: Differences Persist over Energy/ Carbon Tax," European Report, no. 1851, 04/17/93; 8th Joint Council.
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European Report
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53
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"GCC Needs Big Investment," The Emirates News Bulletin, 01/25/1997 [online]. Available: http:// www.uaeinteract.com/homefrm.html [accessed 05/13/1999]; "EC/GCC: Differences Persist over Energy/ Carbon Tax," European Report, no. 1851, 04/17/93; 8th Joint Council.
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8th Joint Council
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54
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The Middle East, March
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Alan George: A Decisive Year for GCC-EU Relations? The Middle East, March 1998 [online]. Available: http://dialspace.dial.pipex.com/icpubs/me/mar98/mebfD305.htm [accessed 02/17/1999].
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George, A.1
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UAE Expresses Resentment over EU Criticism, The Emirates News Bulletin, 09/30/1997 [online]. Available: http://www.uaeinteract.com/homefrm.html [accessed 05/13/1999]; UAE Media Editorials on EU Statement: 'Total Lack of Responsibility,' The Emirates News Bulletin, 10/01/1997 [online]. Available: http:// www.uaeinteract.com/homefrm.html [accessed 05/13/1999].
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The Emirates News Bulletin
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58
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Total lack of responsibility
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10/01/1997 [online]
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UAE Expresses Resentment over EU Criticism, The Emirates News Bulletin, 09/30/1997 [online]. Available: http://www.uaeinteract.com/homefrm.html [accessed 05/13/1999]; UAE Media Editorials on EU Statement: 'Total Lack of Responsibility,' The Emirates News Bulletin, 10/01/1997 [online]. Available: http:// www.uaeinteract.com/homefrm.html [accessed 05/13/1999].
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The Emirates News Bulletin
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62
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What is Interprise? [online]
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What is Interprise? [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg23/b2/ipris_en.htm [accessed 05/ 29/1999].
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GCC seeks fairer EU Trade, Moneyclips GCC Ltd., 05/24/1998 [online]
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8th Joint Council; GCC seeks fairer EU Trade, Moneyclips GCC Ltd., 05/24/1998 [online]. Available: Lexis-Nexis; BCCI Extends Entry Date for EU-GCC Interprise, Bahrain Tribune 05/27/1999 [online]. Available: http://www/bahraintribune.com/busi.asp?Art_No=181 [accessed 05/27/1999].
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8th Joint Council
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Bahrain Tribune
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BC-NET [online]
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BC-NET [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg23/bcnet/bcnet_en.htm [accessed 05/29/1999]; BRE: Bureau de Rapprochement des Entreprises [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg23/bre/ bre_en.htm [accessed 05/29/1999].
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BRE: Bureau de Rapprochement des Entreprises [online]
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BC-NET [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg23/bcnet/bcnet_en.htm [accessed 05/29/1999]; BRE: Bureau de Rapprochement des Entreprises [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg23/bre/ bre_en.htm [accessed 05/29/1999].
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6th EU-GCC Joint Council; 7th Joint Council; 8th Joint Council.
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8th Joint Council
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68
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ECIP [online].
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ECIP [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg23/guide_en/ecip.htm[accessed 05/29/1999]; EC Investment Partner: Financial Institutions Having Signed a Framework Agreement with the Commission of the European Communities [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg23/guide_en/fininter.htm [accessed 05/29/1999]; What is ECIP? [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dglb/ecip/ gen_en.html [accessed 05/29/1999]; How Does ECIP Work - ECIP Financing [online]. Available: http:// europa.eu.int/en/comm/dglb/ecip/what_en.html [accessed 05/29/1999].
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ECIP [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg23/guide_en/ecip.htm[accessed 05/29/1999]; EC Investment Partner: Financial Institutions Having Signed a Framework Agreement with the Commission of the European Communities [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg23/guide_en/fininter.htm [accessed 05/29/1999]; What is ECIP? [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dglb/ecip/ gen_en.html [accessed 05/29/1999]; How Does ECIP Work - ECIP Financing [online]. Available: http:// europa.eu.int/en/comm/dglb/ecip/what_en.html [accessed 05/29/1999].
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ECIP [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg23/guide_en/ecip.htm[accessed 05/29/1999]; EC Investment Partner: Financial Institutions Having Signed a Framework Agreement with the Commission of the European Communities [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg23/guide_en/fininter.htm [accessed 05/29/1999]; What is ECIP? [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dglb/ecip/ gen_en.html [accessed 05/29/1999]; How Does ECIP Work - ECIP Financing [online]. Available: http:// europa.eu.int/en/comm/dglb/ecip/what_en.html [accessed 05/29/1999].
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How Does ECIP Work - ECIP Financing [online]
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ECIP [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg23/guide_en/ecip.htm[accessed 05/29/1999]; EC Investment Partner: Financial Institutions Having Signed a Framework Agreement with the Commission of the European Communities [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg23/guide_en/fininter.htm [accessed 05/29/1999]; What is ECIP? [online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dglb/ecip/ gen_en.html [accessed 05/29/1999]; How Does ECIP Work - ECIP Financing [online]. Available: http:// europa.eu.int/en/comm/dglb/ecip/what_en.html [accessed 05/29/1999].
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GCC Seeks Fairer EU Trade, Moneyclips GCC Ltd., 05/24/1998 [online]. Available: Lexis-Nexis; Gulfs Aluminum Heavyweights Take on EU Bureaucracy, Agence France Presse 07/29/1998 [online]. Available: Lexis-Nexis; Gulf Smelters Tackle Brussels over Tariffs, The Financial Times Ltd., 05/20/1999 [online]. Available: Lexis-Nexis.
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Gulf Monarchies Move towards Customs Union, Agence France Presse, 05/08/1999 [online]. Available: Lexis-Nexis; Progress Made in Classifying GCC Goods: Official, Xinhua News Agency, 05/08/1999 [online]. Available: Lexis-Nexis; World Bank to Submit Report on GCC Customs Union, Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 05/11/1999 [online]. Available: Lexis-Nexis.
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