Hidden transcripts among the Rarámuri: Culture, resistance, and interethnic relations in northern Mexico

American Ethnologist

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 90-113

  Levi, Jerome M ^a  

^a CARLETON COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Interethnic relations; Mexico; Political symbolism; Rar muri; Resistance; Secrecy; Tarahumara

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033246374     PISSN: 00940496     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/ae.1999.26.1.90     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Abu-Lughod, Lila 1986 Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
2. Alvarado, Carlos Mario 1996 La Tarahumara: una tierra herida. Análisis de la violencia de zonas productoras de estupifacientes en Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Mexico: Talleres Gráficos de Estado de Chihuahua.
3. Basso, Keith H. 1970 "To Give Up on Words": Silence in Western Apache Culture. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 26:213-230.
4. Bennett, Wendell C., and Robert M. Zingg 1935 The Tarahumara: An Indian Tribe of Northern Mexico. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
5. Bercovitch, Eytan 1994 The Agent in the Gift: Hidden Exchange in Inner New Guinea. Cultural Anthropology 9:498-536.
6. Bonfil Batalla, Guillermo 1996 México Profundo: Reclaiming a Civilization. Philip A. Dennis, trans. Austin: University of Texas Press.
7. Boudreau, Eugene H. 1986 Tarahumara Uprising, 1918. Password 31(4):175-183.
8. Bricker, Victoria R. 1981 The Indian Christ, the Indian King: The Historical Substrate of Maya Myth and Ritual. Austin: University of Texas Press.
9. Burgess, Don 1981 Tarahumara Folklore: A Study in Cultural Secrecy. Southwest Folklore 5(10):11-22.
10. Bye, Robert A., Jr. 1976 The Ethnoecology of the Tarahumara of Chihuahua, Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Biology, Harvard University. 1979 Hallucinogenic Plants of the Tarahumara. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:23-48.
11. Bye, Robert A., Jr. 1976 The Ethnoecology of the Tarahumara of Chihuahua, Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Biology, Harvard University. 1979 Hallucinogenic Plants of the Tarahumara. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:23-48.
12. Champion, Jean René 1962 A Study in Culture Persistence: The Tarahumaras of Northwestern Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University.
13. Collier, George A., and Elizabeth Lowery Quaratiello 1994 Basta! Land and the Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas. Oakland, CA: Food First Book.
14. Crumrine, N. Ross, and Rosamond B. Spicer 1997 Summary and Conclusions. In Performing the Renewal of Community: Indigenous Easter Rituals in North Mexico and Southwest United States. Rosamond B. Spicer and N. Ross Crumrine, eds. Pp. 517-576. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
15. Dean, Bartholomew 1994 The Poetics of Creation: Urarina Cosmogony and Historical Consciousness. Latin American Indian Literatures Journal 10:22-45.
16. Dennis, Philip A. 1987 Intervillage Conflict in Oaxaca. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 1997 Domination and the Arts of Resistance in Oaxacan Villages. Paper presented at the Southwestern Council of Latin American Studies, Austin, Texas, February 21-23.
17. Dennis, Philip A. 1987 Intervillage Conflict in Oaxaca. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 1997 Domination and the Arts of Resistance in Oaxacan Villages. Paper presented at the Southwestern Council of Latin American Studies, Austin, Texas, February 21-23.
18. DePalma, Anthony 1995a Mexico's Indians Face New Conquistador: Drugs. New York Times, June 2: A1 and A8. 1995b A Pianist Dreams His Own Unconquered Mexico. New York Times, December 19: A4.
19. DePalma, Anthony 1995a Mexico's Indians Face New Conquistador: Drugs. New York Times, June 2: A1 and A8. 1995b A Pianist Dreams His Own Unconquered Mexico. New York Times, December 19: A4.
20. Estrada Martinez, Rosa Isabel, and Graciela Vega Carillo 1993 Informe sobre el programa de atención a comunidades indígenas de la Sierra Tarahumara. Mexico City: Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos.
21. Fisher, Richard D. 1996 Mexico's Copper Canyon. Tucson, AZ: Sunracer Publications.
22. Frazer, James G. 1958 The Golden Bough. New York: Macmillan.
23. Fried, Jacob 1953 The Relation of Ideal Norm to Actual Behavior in Tarahumara Society. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 9:286-295.
24. Gable, Eric 1997 A Secret Shared: Fieldwork and the Sinister in a West African Village. Cultural Anthropology 12(2):212-233.
25. Gal, Susan 1995 Language and the "Arts of Resistance." Cultural Anthropology 10:407-424.
26. Geertz, Clifford 1963 Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1973 The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
27. Geertz, Clifford 1963 Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1973 The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
28. George, Kenneth M. 1993 Dark Trembling: Ethnographic Remarks on Secrecy and Concealment in Highland Suluwesi. Anthropological Quarterly 66:230-239.
29. Gluckman, Max 1954 Rituals of Rebellion in South-East Africa. Manchester: University of Manchester Press.
30. Goffman, Erving 1959 The Presentation of the Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday Anchor Books.
31. Goldenweiser, Alexander 1936 Loose Ends of a Theory on the Individual Pattern and Involution in Primitive Society. In Essays in Anthropology Presented to A. L. Kroeber. Robert Lowie, ed. Pp. 99-104. Berkeley: University of California Press.
32. González, Luis, Susana Gutiérrez, Paola Stefani, Margarita Urías, and Agusto Urteaga 1994 Derechos culturales y derechos indígenasen la Sierra Tarahumara. Estudios Regionales, 8. Cuidad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez.
33. González Rodríguez, Luis 1982 Tarahumara: la sierra y el hombre. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
34. Gossen, Gary H. 1996 Maya Zapatistas Move to the Ancient Future. American Anthropologist 98:528-538.
35. Graham, Martha 1994 Mobile Farmers: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach to Settlement Organization among the Rarámuri of Northwestern Mexico. Ethnoarchaeological Series 3. Ann Arbor, MI: International Monographs in Prehistory.
36. Gregor, Thomas 1977 Mehinaku: The Drama of Daily Life in a Brazilian Indian Village. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
37. Gudeman, Stephen 1972 The Compadrazgo as a Reflection of the Natural and Cultural Person. Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 1971: 45-71.
38. Gumperz, John J. 1982a Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1982b Language and Social Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39. Gumperz, John J. 1982a Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1982b Language and Social Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
40. Gutmann, Mathew 1993a A Rejoinder. Latin American Perspectives 20(2):95-96. 1993b Rituals of Resistance: A Critique of the Theory of Everyday Forms of Resistance. Latin American Perspectives 20(2):74-92.
41. Gutmann, Mathew 1993a A Rejoinder. Latin American Perspectives 20(2):95-96. 1993b Rituals of Resistance: A Critique of the Theory of Everyday Forms of Resistance. Latin American Perspectives 20(2):74-92.
42. Haviland, John B. 1977 Gossip, Reputation, and Knowledge in Zinacantan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
43. Herzfeld, Michael 1992 The Social Production of Indifference: Exploring the Symbolic Roots of Western Democracy. New York: Berg.
44. Heyden, Doris 1986 Metaphors, Nahualtocaitl, and Other "Disguised" Terms among the Aztecs. In Symbol and Meaning beyond the Closed Community: Essays in Mesoamerican Ideas. Gary Gossen, ed. Pp. 35-44. Studies on Culture and Society. Albany: Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, State University of New York.
45. Hitt, Sam, and Randy Gingrich 1995 Mexico's Tarahumara Fight Drugs and Loggers. Earth Island Journal 10(2):21-22.
46. Howe, James 1992 An Ideological Triangle: The Struggle over San Bias Kuna Culture, 1915-1925. In Nation-States and Indians in Latin America. Greg Urban and Joel Sherzer, eds. Pp. 19-52. Austin: University of Texas Press.
47. Jackson, Jean 1995 Culture, Genuine and Spurious: The Politics of Indianness in the Vaupés, Colombia. American Ethnologist 22(1):3-27.
48. Kennedy, John G. 1963 Tesguino Complex: The Role of Beer in Tarahumara Culture. American Anthropologist 65: 620-640. 1970 Inápuchi: Una comunidad tarahumara gentil. Mexico City: Instituto Indigenista Interamericano. 1978 Tarahumara of the Sierra Madre: Beer, Ecology, and Social Organization. Arlington Heights, IL: AMH Publishing Corporation. 1996 Tarahumara of the Sierra Madre: Survivors on the Canyon's Edge. Pacific Grove, CA: Asilomar Press.
49. Kennedy, John G. 1963 Tesguino Complex: The Role of Beer in Tarahumara Culture. American Anthropologist 65: 620-640. 1970 Inápuchi: Una comunidad tarahumara gentil. Mexico City: Instituto Indigenista Interamericano. 1978 Tarahumara of the Sierra Madre: Beer, Ecology, and Social Organization. Arlington Heights, IL: AMH Publishing Corporation. 1996 Tarahumara of the Sierra Madre: Survivors on the Canyon's Edge. Pacific Grove, CA: Asilomar Press.
50. Kennedy, John G. 1963 Tesguino Complex: The Role of Beer in Tarahumara Culture. American Anthropologist 65: 620-640. 1970 Inápuchi: Una comunidad tarahumara gentil. Mexico City: Instituto Indigenista Interamericano. 1978 Tarahumara of the Sierra Madre: Beer, Ecology, and Social Organization. Arlington Heights, IL: AMH Publishing Corporation. 1996 Tarahumara of the Sierra Madre: Survivors on the Canyon's Edge. Pacific Grove, CA: Asilomar Press.
51. Kennedy, John G. 1963 Tesguino Complex: The Role of Beer in Tarahumara Culture. American Anthropologist 65: 620-640. 1970 Inápuchi: Una comunidad tarahumara gentil. Mexico City: Instituto Indigenista Interamericano. 1978 Tarahumara of the Sierra Madre: Beer, Ecology, and Social Organization. Arlington Heights, IL: AMH Publishing Corporation. 1996 Tarahumara of the Sierra Madre: Survivors on the Canyon's Edge. Pacific Grove, CA: Asilomar Press.
52. Kennedy, John G., and Raul A. López 1981 Semana Santa in the Sierra Tarahumara: A Comparative Study in Three Communities. Los Angeles: University of California Museum of Cultural History.
53. Lartigue, François 1983 Indios y bosques: políticas forestales y comunales en la Sierra Tarahumara. Ediciones de la Casa Chata 19. Mexico City: Centra de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social.
54. Levi, Jerome M. 1988 Myth and History Reconsidered: Archaeological Implications of Tzotzil-Maya Mythology. American Antiquity 53(3):605-619. 1991 Review of William L. Merrill, Rarámuri Souls: Knowledge and Social Process in Northern Mexico. Man 26:574-575. 1992 Commoditizing the Vessels of Identity: Transnational Trade and the Reconstruction of Rarámuri Ethnicity. Museum Anthropology 16(3):7-24. 1993 Pillars of the Sky: The Genealogy of Ethnic Identity among the Rarámuri-Simaroni (Tarahumara-Gentiles) of Northwest Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University. 1998 The Bow and the Blanket: Religion, Identity, and Resistance in Rarámuri Material Culture. Journal of Anthropological Research 54(3):299-324. In press The Embodiment of a Working Identity: Power and Process in Rarámuri Ritual Healing. American Indian Culture and Research Journal.
55. Levi, Jerome M. 1988 Myth and History Reconsidered: Archaeological Implications of Tzotzil-Maya Mythology. American Antiquity 53(3):605-619. 1991 Review of William L. Merrill, Rarámuri Souls: Knowledge and Social Process in Northern Mexico. Man 26:574-575. 1992 Commoditizing the Vessels of Identity: Transnational Trade and the Reconstruction of Rarámuri Ethnicity. Museum Anthropology 16(3):7-24. 1993 Pillars of the Sky: The Genealogy of Ethnic Identity among the Rarámuri-Simaroni (Tarahumara-Gentiles) of Northwest Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University. 1998 The Bow and the Blanket: Religion, Identity, and Resistance in Rarámuri Material Culture. Journal of Anthropological Research 54(3):299-324. In press The Embodiment of a Working Identity: Power and Process in Rarámuri Ritual Healing. American Indian Culture and Research Journal.
56. Levi, Jerome M. 1988 Myth and History Reconsidered: Archaeological Implications of Tzotzil-Maya Mythology. American Antiquity 53(3):605-619. 1991 Review of William L. Merrill, Rarámuri Souls: Knowledge and Social Process in Northern Mexico. Man 26:574-575. 1992 Commoditizing the Vessels of Identity: Transnational Trade and the Reconstruction of Rarámuri Ethnicity. Museum Anthropology 16(3):7-24. 1993 Pillars of the Sky: The Genealogy of Ethnic Identity among the Rarámuri-Simaroni (Tarahumara-Gentiles) of Northwest Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University. 1998 The Bow and the Blanket: Religion, Identity, and Resistance in Rarámuri Material Culture. Journal of Anthropological Research 54(3):299-324. In press The Embodiment of a Working Identity: Power and Process in Rarámuri Ritual Healing. American Indian Culture and Research Journal.
57. Levi, Jerome M. 1988 Myth and History Reconsidered: Archaeological Implications of Tzotzil-Maya Mythology. American Antiquity 53(3):605-619. 1991 Review of William L. Merrill, Rarámuri Souls: Knowledge and Social Process in Northern Mexico. Man 26:574-575. 1992 Commoditizing the Vessels of Identity: Transnational Trade and the Reconstruction of Rarámuri Ethnicity. Museum Anthropology 16(3):7-24. 1993 Pillars of the Sky: The Genealogy of Ethnic Identity among the Rarámuri-Simaroni (Tarahumara-Gentiles) of Northwest Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University. 1998 The Bow and the Blanket: Religion, Identity, and Resistance in Rarámuri Material Culture. Journal of Anthropological Research 54(3):299-324. In press The Embodiment of a Working Identity: Power and Process in Rarámuri Ritual Healing. American Indian Culture and Research Journal.
58. Levi, Jerome M. 1988 Myth and History Reconsidered: Archaeological Implications of Tzotzil-Maya Mythology. American Antiquity 53(3):605-619. 1991 Review of William L. Merrill, Rarámuri Souls: Knowledge and Social Process in Northern Mexico. Man 26:574-575. 1992 Commoditizing the Vessels of Identity: Transnational Trade and the Reconstruction of Rarámuri Ethnicity. Museum Anthropology 16(3):7-24. 1993 Pillars of the Sky: The Genealogy of Ethnic Identity among the Rarámuri-Simaroni (Tarahumara-Gentiles) of Northwest Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University. 1998 The Bow and the Blanket: Religion, Identity, and Resistance in Rarámuri Material Culture. Journal of Anthropological Research 54(3):299-324. In press The Embodiment of a Working Identity: Power and Process in Rarámuri Ritual Healing. American Indian Culture and Research Journal.
59. Levi, Jerome M. 1988 Myth and History Reconsidered: Archaeological Implications of Tzotzil-Maya Mythology. American Antiquity 53(3):605-619. 1991 Review of William L. Merrill, Rarámuri Souls: Knowledge and Social Process in Northern Mexico. Man 26:574-575. 1992 Commoditizing the Vessels of Identity: Transnational Trade and the Reconstruction of Rarámuri Ethnicity. Museum Anthropology 16(3):7-24. 1993 Pillars of the Sky: The Genealogy of Ethnic Identity among the Rarámuri-Simaroni (Tarahumara-Gentiles) of Northwest Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University. 1998 The Bow and the Blanket: Religion, Identity, and Resistance in Rarámuri Material Culture. Journal of Anthropological Research 54(3):299-324. In press The Embodiment of a Working Identity: Power and Process in Rarámuri Ritual Healing. American Indian Culture and Research Journal.
60. Lumholtz, Carl S. 1902 Unknown Mexico: A Record of Five Years' Exploration among the Tribes of the Western Sierra Madre, in theTierra Caliente of Tepic and Jalisco, and among the Tarascos of Michoacan, volume 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
61. Maybury-Lewis, David 1992 Becoming Indian in Lowland South America. In Nation-States and Indians in Latin America. Greg Urban and Joel Sherzer, eds. Pp. 207-235. Austin: University of Texas Press.
62. McKinley, Michelle 1995 Anthropological Interrogations: The Use of Refugee Women's Life Histories. Paper presented at the 94th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Washington, DC.
63. Merrill, William L. 1978 Thinking and Drinking: A Rarámuri Interpretion. In The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany. Richard I. Ford, ed. Pp. 101-117. Anthropological Paper, 67. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology. 1983 God's Saviours in the Sierra Madre. Natural History 93(3):59-66. 1988 Rarámuri Souls: Knowledge and Social Process in Northern Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1992 The Rarámuri Stereotype of Dreams. In Dreaming: Anthropological and Psychological Interpretations. Barbara Tedlock, ed. Pp. 194-219. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research. 1993 Conversion and Colonialism in Northern Mexico: The Tarahumara Response to the Jesuit Mission Program, 1601-1767. In Conversion to Christianity: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives on a Great Transformation. Robert W. Hefner, ed. Pp. 129-164. Berkeley: University of California Press.
64. Merrill, William L. 1978 Thinking and Drinking: A Rarámuri Interpretion. In The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany. Richard I. Ford, ed. Pp. 101-117. Anthropological Paper, 67. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology. 1983 God's Saviours in the Sierra Madre. Natural History 93(3):59-66. 1988 Rarámuri Souls: Knowledge and Social Process in Northern Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1992 The Rarámuri Stereotype of Dreams. In Dreaming: Anthropological and Psychological Interpretations. Barbara Tedlock, ed. Pp. 194-219. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research. 1993 Conversion and Colonialism in Northern Mexico: The Tarahumara Response to the Jesuit Mission Program, 1601-1767. In Conversion to Christianity: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives on a Great Transformation. Robert W. Hefner, ed. Pp. 129-164. Berkeley: University of California Press.
65. Merrill, William L. 1978 Thinking and Drinking: A Rarámuri Interpretion. In The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany. Richard I. Ford, ed. Pp. 101-117. Anthropological Paper, 67. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology. 1983 God's Saviours in the Sierra Madre. Natural History 93(3):59-66. 1988 Rarámuri Souls: Knowledge and Social Process in Northern Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1992 The Rarámuri Stereotype of Dreams. In Dreaming: Anthropological and Psychological Interpretations. Barbara Tedlock, ed. Pp. 194-219. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research. 1993 Conversion and Colonialism in Northern Mexico: The Tarahumara Response to the Jesuit Mission Program, 1601-1767. In Conversion to Christianity: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives on a Great Transformation. Robert W. Hefner, ed. Pp. 129-164. Berkeley: University of California Press.
66. Merrill, William L. 1978 Thinking and Drinking: A Rarámuri Interpretion. In The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany. Richard I. Ford, ed. Pp. 101-117. Anthropological Paper, 67. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology. 1983 God's Saviours in the Sierra Madre. Natural History 93(3):59-66. 1988 Rarámuri Souls: Knowledge and Social Process in Northern Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1992 The Rarámuri Stereotype of Dreams. In Dreaming: Anthropological and Psychological Interpretations. Barbara Tedlock, ed. Pp. 194-219. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research. 1993 Conversion and Colonialism in Northern Mexico: The Tarahumara Response to the Jesuit Mission Program, 1601-1767. In Conversion to Christianity: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives on a Great Transformation. Robert W. Hefner, ed. Pp. 129-164. Berkeley: University of California Press.
67. Merrill, William L. 1978 Thinking and Drinking: A Rarámuri Interpretion. In The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany. Richard I. Ford, ed. Pp. 101-117. Anthropological Paper, 67. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology. 1983 God's Saviours in the Sierra Madre. Natural History 93(3):59-66. 1988 Rarámuri Souls: Knowledge and Social Process in Northern Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1992 The Rarámuri Stereotype of Dreams. In Dreaming: Anthropological and Psychological Interpretations. Barbara Tedlock, ed. Pp. 194-219. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research. 1993 Conversion and Colonialism in Northern Mexico: The Tarahumara Response to the Jesuit Mission Program, 1601-1767. In Conversion to Christianity: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives on a Great Transformation. Robert W. Hefner, ed. Pp. 129-164. Berkeley: University of California Press.
68. Merrill, William, and Margot Heras Quezada 1997 Rarámuri Personhood and Ethnicity: Another Perspective. American Ethnologist 24(2):302-306.
69. Moore, Sally F. 1976 The Secret of the Men: A Myth about Chagga Initiation. Africa 46:357-370.
70. Neumann, José 1991 Historia de las rebeliones en la Sierra Tarahumara (1626-1724). Translation from Latin by Joaquin Diaz Auchondo and Luis González Rodríguez. Introduction and notes by Luis González Rodríguez. Colección Centenario, 8. Chihuahua, Mexico: Editorial Camino.
71. Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko 1993 Rice as Self: Japanese Identities through Time. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
72. Passin, Herbert 1942a Sorcery as a Phase of Tarahumara Economic Relations. Man 42:11-15. 1942b Tarahumara Prevarication: A Problem in Field Method. American Anthropologist 44:235-247.
73. Passin, Herbert 1942a Sorcery as a Phase of Tarahumara Economic Relations. Man 42:11-15. 1942b Tarahumara Prevarication: A Problem in Field Method. American Anthropologist 44:235-247.
74. Pennington, Campbell W. 1963 The Tarahumar of Mexico: Their Environment and Material Culture. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
75. Petersen, Nicolas 1993 Demand Sharing: Reciprocity and the Pressure for Generosity among Foragers. American Anthropologist 95:860-874.
76. Popper, Karl R. 1 962 Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. New York: Basic Books.
77. Raat, W. Dirk, and George R. Janacek, 1996 Mexico's Sierra Tarahumara: A Photohistory of the People of the Edge. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
78. Raybeck, Douglas 1991 Hard versus Soft Deviance: Anthropology and Labelling Theory. In Deviance: Anthropological Perspectives. Douglas Raybeck, Morris Freilich, and Joel Savishinsky, eds. Pp. 51-72. New York: Bergin and Garvey.
79. Robles, J. Ricardo 1991 Los Rarámuri-Pagótuame. In El rostra indio de Dios. Manuel M. Marzal, ed. Pp. 43-132. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
80. Robles, J. Ricardo, and Carlos F. Vallejo 1995 Los juicios en el pueblo Rarámuri. In Tradiciones y costumbres jurídicas en comunidades indígenas de México. Rosa I. Estrada Martínez and Gisela González Guerra, eds. Pp. 71-95. Mexico City: Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos.
81. Rodríguez, Sylvia 1996 The Matachines Dance: Ritual Symbolism and Interethnic Relations in the Upper Río Grande Valley. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
82. Rohatynskyj, Marta 1997 Culture, Secrets, and Ömie History: A Consideration of the Politics of Cultural Identity. American Ethnologist 24(2):438-456.
83. Salmón, Enrique 1996 Decolonizing Our Voices: A Tarahumara Scientist Explores the Validity of Indigenous Knowledge. Winds of Change: American Indian Education and Opportunity 11(3):70-73.
84. Salopek, Paul 1996 Sierra Madre: Backbone of the Frontier. National Geographic Magazine 190(2):44-51.
85. Sariego, Juan L., and Luis Urias Hermosillo 1995 La Sierra Tarahumara: Tierra India, Tierra Mestiza. Video. 60 minutes, color. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Unidad. Chihuahua, Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.
86. Savishinsky, Joel 1974 The Trail of the Hare: Life and Stress in an Arctic Community. New York: Gordon and Breach.
87. Schwartzman, Karen, and Bob Melia 1995 Copper Canyon: Drums Tell the Tale of a Tribe. The Boston Globe, August 20: B1 and B9.
88. Scott, James C. 1985 Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1990 Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1993 Reply. Latin American Perspectives 20(2):93-94.
89. Scott, James C. 1985 Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1990 Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1993 Reply. Latin American Perspectives 20(2):93-94.
90. Scott, James C. 1985 Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1990 Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1993 Reply. Latin American Perspectives 20(2):93-94.
91. Sheridan, Thomas E., and Thomas H. Naylor 1979 Rarámuri: A Tarahumara Colonial Chronicle. Flagstaff, AZ: Northland Press.
92. Shoumatoff, Alex 1995 Trouble in the Land of Muy Verde. Outside 20(3):56-63, 149-1 53.
93. Slaney, Frances 1991 Death and "Otherness" in Tarahumara Ritual. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Université Laval. 1992 Tarahumara Governors and the Negotiation of Community through Trance. Paper presented to the 91st Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, San Francisco, CA. 1997a Double Baptism: Personhood and Ethnicity in the Sierra Tarahumara of Mexico. American Ethnologist 24(2):279-310. 1997b Response to Merrill and Heras Quezada's Comments. American Ethnologist 24(2):306-310.
94. Slaney, Frances 1991 Death and "Otherness" in Tarahumara Ritual. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Université Laval. 1992 Tarahumara Governors and the Negotiation of Community through Trance. Paper presented to the 91st Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, San Francisco, CA. 1997a Double Baptism: Personhood and Ethnicity in the Sierra Tarahumara of Mexico. American Ethnologist 24(2):279-310. 1997b Response to Merrill and Heras Quezada's Comments. American Ethnologist 24(2):306-310.
95. Slaney, Frances 1991 Death and "Otherness" in Tarahumara Ritual. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Université Laval. 1992 Tarahumara Governors and the Negotiation of Community through Trance. Paper presented to the 91st Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, San Francisco, CA. 1997a Double Baptism: Personhood and Ethnicity in the Sierra Tarahumara of Mexico. American Ethnologist 24(2):279-310. 1997b Response to Merrill and Heras Quezada's Comments. American Ethnologist 24(2):306-310.
96. Slaney, Frances 1991 Death and "Otherness" in Tarahumara Ritual. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Université Laval. 1992 Tarahumara Governors and the Negotiation of Community through Trance. Paper presented to the 91st Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, San Francisco, CA. 1997a Double Baptism: Personhood and Ethnicity in the Sierra Tarahumara of Mexico. American Ethnologist 24(2):279-310. 1997b Response to Merrill and Heras Quezada's Comments. American Ethnologist 24(2):306-310.
97. Sommer, Doris 1991 Rigoberta's Secrets. Latin American Perspectives 18(3):32-50.
98. Steiner, Christopher B. 1990 Body Personal and Body Politic: Adornment and Leadership in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Anthropos 85:431-445.
99. Steiner, George 1967 Language and Silence: Essays on Language, Literature, and the Inhuman. New York: Atheneum.
100. Stephen, Lynn 1997 Redefined Nationalism in Building a Movement for Indigenous Autonomy in Southern Mexico. Journal of Latin American Anthropology 3(1):72-101.
101. Thord-Gray, Ivan 1955 Tarahumara-English, English-Tarahumara Dictionary and an Introduction to Tarahumara Grammar. Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press.
102. Turner, Victor 1969 The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Chicago: Aldine.
103. Urteaga, Agusto 1993 Su tonada en el desconcierto de las naciones. Ojarasca 21-23:19-23.
104. Velasco Rivero, Pedro de 1983 Danzar o morir: religión y resistencia a la dominación en la cultura Tarahumar. Mexico City: Centro de Reflexión Teológica.
105. Vogt, Evon Z. 1993 Tortillas for the Gods: A Symbolic Analysis of Zinacanteco Ritual. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.