'Somewhat mixed up together': Anglo-American defence and financial policy during the 1960s

Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 213-232

  Kunz, Diane B ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0033240956     PISSN: 03086534     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03086539908583065     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. Administrative History - State Department, Part D, 'Bilateral Relations With Western Europe, Great Britain', Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library (LBJL), Austin, Texas.
2. The projected deficit for 1964 was £800 million, twice what the new government expected.
3. Bundy to LBJ, 5 Dec. 1964; Richard E. Neustadt Memorandum of Conversation, 6 Dec. 1964; Bundy to LBJ, 6 Dec. 1964; Memorandum of Conversation, 7 Dec. 1964, NSFCo, Box 214, LBJL; B. Pimlott, Harold Wilson (London, 1992), 366.
4. Bundy to LBJ, 5 Dec. 1964; Richard E. Neustadt Memorandum of Conversation, 6 Dec. 1964; Bundy to LBJ, 6 Dec. 1964; Memorandum of Conversation, 7 Dec. 1964, NSFCo, Box 214, LBJL; B. Pimlott, Harold Wilson (London, 1992), 366.
5. Bundy to LBJ, 5 Dec. 1964; Richard E. Neustadt Memorandum of Conversation, 6 Dec. 1964; Bundy to LBJ, 6 Dec. 1964; Memorandum of Conversation, 7 Dec. 1964, NSFCo, Box 214, LBJL; B. Pimlott, Harold Wilson (London, 1992), 366.
6. Bundy to LBJ, 5 Dec. 1964; Richard E. Neustadt Memorandum of Conversation, 6 Dec. 1964; Bundy to LBJ, 6 Dec. 1964; Memorandum of Conversation, 7 Dec. 1964, NSFCo, Box 214, LBJL; B. Pimlott, Harold Wilson (London, 1992), 366.
7. Bundy to LBJ, 5 Dec. 1964; Richard E. Neustadt Memorandum of Conversation, 6 Dec. 1964; Bundy to LBJ, 6 Dec. 1964; Memorandum of Conversation, 7 Dec. 1964, NSFCo, Box 214, LBJL; B. Pimlott, Harold Wilson (London, 1992), 366.
8. London to State Department (SD), No.4072, 23 Feb. 1965, NSFCo, Box 206, Thomas L. Hughes to Secretary, 5 March 1965, NSFCo, Box 207, LBJL.
9. London to State Department (SD), No.4072, 23 Feb. 1965, NSFCo, Box 206, Thomas L. Hughes to Secretary, 5 March 1965, NSFCo, Box 207, LBJL.
10. Heller to President, 30 March 1965; WHCF Fi, Box 9, LBJL; Merlyn N. Trued to Kermit Gordon, 1 April 1965; Henry Fowler Papers, Box 72-3; Klein to Bundy, 23 March 1965, Martin to President, 30 March 1965, NSFCo, Box 207; Bundy to President, 14 April 1965, Rusk to President, 14 April 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 3.
11. Heller to President, 30 March 1965; WHCF Fi, Box 9, LBJL; Merlyn N. Trued to Kermit Gordon, 1 April 1965; Henry Fowler Papers, Box 72-3; Klein to Bundy, 23 March 1965, Martin to President, 30 March 1965, NSFCo, Box 207; Bundy to President, 14 April 1965, Rusk to President, 14 April 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 3.
12. Heller to President, 30 March 1965; WHCF Fi, Box 9, LBJL; Merlyn N. Trued to Kermit Gordon, 1 April 1965; Henry Fowler Papers, Box 72-3; Klein to Bundy, 23 March 1965, Martin to President, 30 March 1965, NSFCo, Box 207; Bundy to President, 14 April 1965, Rusk to President, 14 April 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 3.
13. Heller to President, 30 March 1965; WHCF Fi, Box 9, LBJL; Merlyn N. Trued to Kermit Gordon, 1 April 1965; Henry Fowler Papers, Box 72-3; Klein to Bundy, 23 March 1965, Martin to President, 30 March 1965, NSFCo, Box 207; Bundy to President, 14 April 1965, Rusk to President, 14 April 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 3.
14. Heller to President, 30 March 1965; WHCF Fi, Box 9, LBJL; Merlyn N. Trued to Kermit Gordon, 1 April 1965; Henry Fowler Papers, Box 72-3; Klein to Bundy, 23 March 1965, Martin to President, 30 March 1965, NSFCo, Box 207; Bundy to President, 14 April 1965, Rusk to President, 14 April 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 3.
15. Heller to President, 30 March 1965; WHCF Fi, Box 9, LBJL; Merlyn N. Trued to Kermit Gordon, 1 April 1965; Henry Fowler Papers, Box 72-3; Klein to Bundy, 23 March 1965, Martin to President, 30 March 1965, NSFCo, Box 207; Bundy to President, 14 April 1965, Rusk to President, 14 April 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 3.
16. Stewart to Prime Minister, 16 May 1965, PREM 12/214, Public Record Office (PRO).
17. Fousek Memorandum to the Files, 7 July 1965, C261, Federal Reserve Bank of New York; Bundy to President, 7 July 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4, LBJL.
18. Fousek Memorandum to the Files, 7 July 1965, C261, Federal Reserve Bank of New York; Bundy to President, 7 July 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4, LBJL.
19. Ackley to LBJ, 12 July 1965, NSFCo, Box 208, LBJL.
20. Barbara Castle, The Castle Diaries 1964-1976 (London, 1990), 26-27.
21. 'Memorandum, Preparation for Trend', 28 July 1965, Francis M. Bator Papers, Chronological Files, Box 2, LBJL; Telecon between Fowler and Ball, 29 July 1965; Telecon between Bundy and Ball, 29 July 1965, George Ball Papers, Box 7; Bundy to the President, 28 July 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4; Bator to Bundy, 29 July 1965, NSFCo, Box 215; Ackley to President, 29 July 1965, CEA Papers, Box 2.
22. 'Memorandum, Preparation for Trend', 28 July 1965, Francis M. Bator Papers, Chronological Files, Box 2, LBJL; Telecon between Fowler and Ball, 29 July 1965; Telecon between Bundy and Ball, 29 July 1965, George Ball Papers, Box 7; Bundy to the President, 28 July 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4; Bator to Bundy, 29 July 1965, NSFCo, Box 215; Ackley to President, 29 July 1965, CEA Papers, Box 2.
23. 'Memorandum, Preparation for Trend', 28 July 1965, Francis M. Bator Papers, Chronological Files, Box 2, LBJL; Telecon between Fowler and Ball, 29 July 1965; Telecon between Bundy and Ball, 29 July 1965, George Ball Papers, Box 7; Bundy to the President, 28 July 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4; Bator to Bundy, 29 July 1965, NSFCo, Box 215; Ackley to President, 29 July 1965, CEA Papers, Box 2.
24. 'Memorandum, Preparation for Trend', 28 July 1965, Francis M. Bator Papers, Chronological Files, Box 2, LBJL; Telecon between Fowler and Ball, 29 July 1965; Telecon between Bundy and Ball, 29 July 1965, George Ball Papers, Box 7; Bundy to the President, 28 July 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4; Bator to Bundy, 29 July 1965, NSFCo, Box 215; Ackley to President, 29 July 1965, CEA Papers, Box 2.
25. 'Memorandum, Preparation for Trend', 28 July 1965, Francis M. Bator Papers, Chronological Files, Box 2, LBJL; Telecon between Fowler and Ball, 29 July 1965; Telecon between Bundy and Ball, 29 July 1965, George Ball Papers, Box 7; Bundy to the President, 28 July 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4; Bator to Bundy, 29 July 1965, NSFCo, Box 215; Ackley to President, 29 July 1965, CEA Papers, Box 2.
26. 'Memorandum, Preparation for Trend', 28 July 1965, Francis M. Bator Papers, Chronological Files, Box 2, LBJL; Telecon between Fowler and Ball, 29 July 1965; Telecon between Bundy and Ball, 29 July 1965, George Ball Papers, Box 7; Bundy to the President, 28 July 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4; Bator to Bundy, 29 July 1965, NSFCo, Box 215; Ackley to President, 29 July 1965, CEA Papers, Box 2.
27. SD to London, No.681, 6 Aug. 1965, NSFCo, Box 208, LBJL.
28. Ball Memorandum, 6 Aug. 1965, Bundy to Trend, 16 Aug. 1965, NSFCo. Box 215, LBJL; Fowler Memorandum, n.d., Bator Memorandum, 25 Aug. 1965, Bator Papers Chron - Box 2; Notes of Telephone Conversation between Bator and Fowler, 26 Aug. 1965, Telecon with Chancellor Callaghan, 26 Aug. 1965, Fowler Papers, Box 41.
29. Ball Memorandum, 6 Aug. 1965, Bundy to Trend, 16 Aug. 1965, NSFCo. Box 215, LBJL; Fowler Memorandum, n.d., Bator Memorandum, 25 Aug. 1965, Bator Papers Chron - Box 2; Notes of Telephone Conversation between Bator and Fowler, 26 Aug. 1965, Telecon with Chancellor Callaghan, 26 Aug. 1965, Fowler Papers, Box 41.
30. Ball Memorandum, 6 Aug. 1965, Bundy to Trend, 16 Aug. 1965, NSFCo. Box 215, LBJL; Fowler Memorandum, n.d., Bator Memorandum, 25 Aug. 1965, Bator Papers Chron - Box 2; Notes of Telephone Conversation between Bator and Fowler, 26 Aug. 1965, Telecon with Chancellor Callaghan, 26 Aug. 1965, Fowler Papers, Box 41.
31. Ball Memorandum, 6 Aug. 1965, Bundy to Trend, 16 Aug. 1965, NSFCo. Box 215, LBJL; Fowler Memorandum, n.d., Bator Memorandum, 25 Aug. 1965, Bator Papers Chron - Box 2; Notes of Telephone Conversation between Bator and Fowler, 26 Aug. 1965, Telecon with Chancellor Callaghan, 26 Aug. 1965, Fowler Papers, Box 41.
32. Dean to Sir Paul Gore-Booth, 10 June 1965, PREM 12/215. Also see 'Talk Between the U.S. Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State for Defence', 30 May 1965, PREM 12/214; SD to London, No.8249, 30 June 1965, NSFCo, Box 207, LBJL.
33. Dean to Sir Paul Gore-Booth, 10 June 1965, PREM 12/215. Also see 'Talk Between the U.S. Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State for Defence', 30 May 1965, PREM 12/214; SD to London, No.8249, 30 June 1965, NSFCo, Box 207, LBJL.
34. Dean to Sir Paul Gore-Booth, 10 June 1965, PREM 12/215. Also see 'Talk Between the U.S. Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State for Defence', 30 May 1965, PREM 12/214; SD to London, No.8249, 30 June 1965, NSFCo, Box 207, LBJL.
35. Bundy to President, 10 Sept. 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4, LBJL.
36. Central Statistical Office, Financial Statistics, No.75 (London, July 1968), 99.
37. In the event, real GDP in Britain rose an average of 2.5 per cent in the period 1964-69, down from 3.4 per cent in the period 1960-64. See Sidney Pollard, The Development of the British Economy (third edition, London, 1983), 346.
38. Pimlott, Harold Wilson, 304, 361.
39. Bundy to President, 10 Sept. 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4, LBJL; Joseph Barr to President, 10 Sept. 1965, NSFCo, Box 210-2; 'The Operation-Press Guidance', 10 Sept. 1965, Fowler Papers, Box 72-3; Ackley to President, 15 Sept. 1965, WHCO Co, Box 305; 'The U.K. National Plan', 25 Sept. 1965, Anthony M. Solomon Files, Chron Files, Box 11; James Callaghan, Time and Chance (London, 1987), 190.
40. Bundy to President, 10 Sept. 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4, LBJL; Joseph Barr to President, 10 Sept. 1965, NSFCo, Box 210-2; 'The Operation-Press Guidance', 10 Sept. 1965, Fowler Papers, Box 72-3; Ackley to President, 15 Sept. 1965, WHCO Co, Box 305; 'The U.K. National Plan', 25 Sept. 1965, Anthony M. Solomon Files, Chron Files, Box 11; James Callaghan, Time and Chance (London, 1987), 190.
41. Bundy to President, 10 Sept. 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4, LBJL; Joseph Barr to President, 10 Sept. 1965, NSFCo, Box 210-2; 'The Operation-Press Guidance', 10 Sept. 1965, Fowler Papers, Box 72-3; Ackley to President, 15 Sept. 1965, WHCO Co, Box 305; 'The U.K. National Plan', 25 Sept. 1965, Anthony M. Solomon Files, Chron Files, Box 11; James Callaghan, Time and Chance (London, 1987), 190.
42. Bundy to President, 10 Sept. 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4, LBJL; Joseph Barr to President, 10 Sept. 1965, NSFCo, Box 210-2; 'The Operation-Press Guidance', 10 Sept. 1965, Fowler Papers, Box 72-3; Ackley to President, 15 Sept. 1965, WHCO Co, Box 305; 'The U.K. National Plan', 25 Sept. 1965, Anthony M. Solomon Files, Chron Files, Box 11; James Callaghan, Time and Chance (London, 1987), 190.
43. Bundy to President, 10 Sept. 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4, LBJL; Joseph Barr to President, 10 Sept. 1965, NSFCo, Box 210-2; 'The Operation-Press Guidance', 10 Sept. 1965, Fowler Papers, Box 72-3; Ackley to President, 15 Sept. 1965, WHCO Co, Box 305; 'The U.K. National Plan', 25 Sept. 1965, Anthony M. Solomon Files, Chron Files, Box 11; James Callaghan, Time and Chance (London, 1987), 190.
44. Bundy to President, 10 Sept. 1965, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 4, LBJL; Joseph Barr to President, 10 Sept. 1965, NSFCo, Box 210-2; 'The Operation-Press Guidance', 10 Sept. 1965, Fowler Papers, Box 72-3; Ackley to President, 15 Sept. 1965, WHCO Co, Box 305; 'The U.K. National Plan', 25 Sept. 1965, Anthony M. Solomon Files, Chron Files, Box 11; James Callaghan, Time and Chance (London, 1987), 190.
45. The Kennedy administration had designed the MLF to give West Germany the pretence of a nuclear capability while subsuming the reality of Britain's nuclear strike force. The final futile twist, the Atlantic Nuclear Force, would have replaced mixed-manned ships with national components, thereby allowing Britain to retain its V-bomber and Polaris fleets.
46. Bundy to Ball and McNaughton, 3 Nov. 1965; Bator to President, 17 Nov. 1965, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL; Bundy to Wilson, 16 Dec. 1965, NSFCo Box 215; Bundy to President, 16 Nov. 1965, Bator to President, 17 Nov. 1965, Presidential Memos, Box 5; Wilson Visit Talking Points, 16 Dec. 1965, Bator Papers, Chron Files, Box 2.
47. Bundy to Ball and McNaughton, 3 Nov. 1965; Bator to President, 17 Nov. 1965, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL; Bundy to Wilson, 16 Dec. 1965, NSFCo Box 215; Bundy to President, 16 Nov. 1965, Bator to President, 17 Nov. 1965, Presidential Memos, Box 5; Wilson Visit Talking Points, 16 Dec. 1965, Bator Papers, Chron Files, Box 2.
48. Bundy to Ball and McNaughton, 3 Nov. 1965; Bator to President, 17 Nov. 1965, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL; Bundy to Wilson, 16 Dec. 1965, NSFCo Box 215; Bundy to President, 16 Nov. 1965, Bator to President, 17 Nov. 1965, Presidential Memos, Box 5; Wilson Visit Talking Points, 16 Dec. 1965, Bator Papers, Chron Files, Box 2.
49. Bundy to Ball and McNaughton, 3 Nov. 1965; Bator to President, 17 Nov. 1965, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL; Bundy to Wilson, 16 Dec. 1965, NSFCo Box 215; Bundy to President, 16 Nov. 1965, Bator to President, 17 Nov. 1965, Presidential Memos, Box 5; Wilson Visit Talking Points, 16 Dec. 1965, Bator Papers, Chron Files, Box 2.
50. Bundy to Ball and McNaughton, 3 Nov. 1965; Bator to President, 17 Nov. 1965, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL; Bundy to Wilson, 16 Dec. 1965, NSFCo Box 215; Bundy to President, 16 Nov. 1965, Bator to President, 17 Nov. 1965, Presidential Memos, Box 5; Wilson Visit Talking Points, 16 Dec. 1965, Bator Papers, Chron Files, Box 2.
51. Bundy to Ball and McNaughton, 3 Nov. 1965; Bator to President, 17 Nov. 1965, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL; Bundy to Wilson, 16 Dec. 1965, NSFCo Box 215; Bundy to President, 16 Nov. 1965, Bator to President, 17 Nov. 1965, Presidential Memos, Box 5; Wilson Visit Talking Points, 16 Dec. 1965, Bator Papers, Chron Files, Box 2.
52. Meeting held at the White House, Thursday, 16 Dec. 1965, at 5:30 p.m., PREM 13/799.
53. Memorandum for the President, 20 Jan. 1966, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL.
54. Record of a Meeting Between the Foreign Secretary and Defence Secretary and the United States Secretary of State and Defense Secretary at the State Department on Thursday, 17 Jan. 1966, FO 371/190785, PRO.
55. Gordon Walker to Prime Minister, 12 Jan. 1966, PREM 13/799.
56. Defence Review, The Statement of the Defence Estimates 1966, 11 Feb. 1966, CAB 129/124 Pt. 2, PRO; London to SD, No.3936, 22 Feb. 1966, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL.
57. Defence Review, The Statement of the Defence Estimates 1966, 11 Feb. 1966, CAB 129/124 Pt. 2, PRO; London to SD, No.3936, 22 Feb. 1966, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL.
58. Bruce to Acting Secretary, 2 June 1966, Bruce to President, 2 June 1966, President to Prime Minister, 14 June 1966; NSF Presidential Memos, Box 8, LBJL; Pimlott, Harold Wilson, 459.
59. Bruce to Acting Secretary, 2 June 1966, Bruce to President, 2 June 1966, President to Prime Minister, 14 June 1966; NSF Presidential Memos, Box 8, LBJL; Pimlott, Harold Wilson, 459.
60. Bruce to Acting Secretary, 2 June 1966, Bruce to President, 2 June 1966, President to Prime Minister, 14 June 1966; NSF Presidential Memos, Box 8, LBJL; Pimlott, Harold Wilson, 459.
61. Bruce to Acting Secretary, 2 June 1966, Bruce to President, 2 June 1966, President to Prime Minister, 14 June 1966; NSF Presidential Memos, Box 8, LBJL; Pimlott, Harold Wilson, 459.
62. Pimlott, Harold Wilson, 408-14.
63. Author's interview with Lord Jenkins of Hillhead.
64. De Gaulle took the position, as he publicly explained at a press conference on 4 Feb. 1965, that the Bretton Woods vintage gold exchange system allowing dollars to serve the same function as gold gave the United States a free ride. It could finance balance of payments deficits by printing dollars which other countries would meekly accept. As the French leader put it, 'What they [the United States] owe those countries they pay, at least in part, in dollars that they themselves can issue as they wish, instead of paying them totally in gold, which has a real value, and which one can possess only if one has earned it.' The merits of de Gaulle's case only irritated American officials as did continuing French gold purchases. Additionally, during 1964 the United States government had begun its concerted attempt to reform the international payments system. The French government reacted obstinately and in Jan. 1965 announced that it would convert all new accruals of dollars to gold.
65. Draft NSAM: France and NATO, 25 Sept. 1965, Hughes to Secretary of State, 30 Sept. 1965, SD to Paris, No.1711, 19 Oct. 1965, SD to Paris No.658, 12 Nov. 1965, NSFCo, Box 172, LBJL.
66. Draft NSAM: France and NATO, 25 Sept. 1965, Hughes to Secretary of State, 30 Sept. 1965, SD to Paris, No.1711, 19 Oct. 1965, SD to Paris No.658, 12 Nov. 1965, NSFCo, Box 172, LBJL.
67. Draft NSAM: France and NATO, 25 Sept. 1965, Hughes to Secretary of State, 30 Sept. 1965, SD to Paris, No.1711, 19 Oct. 1965, SD to Paris No.658, 12 Nov. 1965, NSFCo, Box 172, LBJL.
68. Draft NSAM: France and NATO, 25 Sept. 1965, Hughes to Secretary of State, 30 Sept. 1965, SD to Paris, No.1711, 19 Oct. 1965, SD to Paris No.658, 12 Nov. 1965, NSFCo, Box 172, LBJL.
69. Hughes to Secretary of State, 27 July 1966; 'Economic Effects on the U.K. and the U.S. of the Proposed U.K. Actions', (n.d.); Ball to President, 'Harold Wilson's Visit - The Opportunity for an Act of Statesmanship', 22 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL; Fowler to President, 14 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209.
70. Hughes to Secretary of State, 27 July 1966; 'Economic Effects on the U.K. and the U.S. of the Proposed U.K. Actions', (n.d.); Ball to President, 'Harold Wilson's Visit - The Opportunity for an Act of Statesmanship', 22 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL; Fowler to President, 14 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209.
71. Hughes to Secretary of State, 27 July 1966; 'Economic Effects on the U.K. and the U.S. of the Proposed U.K. Actions', (n.d.); Ball to President, 'Harold Wilson's Visit - The Opportunity for an Act of Statesmanship', 22 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL; Fowler to President, 14 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209.
72. Hughes to Secretary of State, 27 July 1966; 'Economic Effects on the U.K. and the U.S. of the Proposed U.K. Actions', (n.d.); Ball to President, 'Harold Wilson's Visit - The Opportunity for an Act of Statesmanship', 22 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL; Fowler to President, 14 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209.
73. Henry Fowler to President, 18 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL.
74. Memorandum of Conversation, 29 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL.
75. Bator to President (two memoranda), 28 July 1966, Bator Papers Chron, Box 3, LBJL; Bator to President, 28 July 1966, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 7; Rostow to President, 'Visit of Prime Minister Wilson of the United Kingdom to Washington', 29 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 216.
76. Bator to President (two memoranda), 28 July 1966, Bator Papers Chron, Box 3, LBJL; Bator to President, 28 July 1966, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 7; Rostow to President, 'Visit of Prime Minister Wilson of the United Kingdom to Washington', 29 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 216.
77. Bator to President (two memoranda), 28 July 1966, Bator Papers Chron, Box 3, LBJL; Bator to President, 28 July 1966, NSF Presidential Memos, Box 7; Rostow to President, 'Visit of Prime Minister Wilson of the United Kingdom to Washington', 29 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 216.
78. Bator to President, 28 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL. One week earlier, it should be noted, Bator himself had suggested to the President that There is even an argument that Britain's East of Suez involvement is a psychological and political barrier to her taking the plunge into Europe.' Bator to President, 21 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209. Unfortunately American officials failed to concentrate sufficiently on this point.
79. Bator to President, 28 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL. One week earlier, it should be noted, Bator himself had suggested to the President that There is even an argument that Britain's East of Suez involvement is a psychological and political barrier to her taking the plunge into Europe.' Bator to President, 21 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209. Unfortunately American officials failed to concentrate sufficiently on this point.
80. Rostow to President, 29 July 1966, NSFCo, Box 209, LBJL.
81. Memoranda of Conversation, 17 Aug. 1966, NSFCo, Box 210, LBJL.
82. For a more detailed discussion of the trilateral agreements see Thomas Alan Schwarte , 'Victories and Defeats in the Long Twilight Struggle: The United States and Western Europe in the 1960s', in Diane B. Kunz (ed.), The Diplomacy of the Crucial Decade: American Foreign Relations During the 1960s (New York, 1994).
83. 'Visit of UK Foreign Secretary George Brown: UK Domestic Political Situation', 13 Oct. 1966, NSFCo, Box 216, LBJL.
84. President to Prime Minister, 19 Nov. 1966, Memorandum of Conversation between McNamara and Healey, 14 Dec. 1966, N/N, Box 50, LBJL.
85. President to Prime Minister, 19 Nov. 1966, Memorandum of Conversation between McNamara and Healey, 14 Dec. 1966, N/N, Box 50, LBJL.
86. See e.g. Record of Meeting at Chequers on Saturday, 21 Jan. 1967; SD Circular Telegram, 5 Feb. 1967, Bator Papers, Chron, Box 4, LBJL.
87. See e.g. Record of Meeting at Chequers on Saturday, 21 Jan. 1967; SD Circular Telegram, 5 Feb. 1967, Bator Papers, Chron, Box 4, LBJL.
88. SD Circular telegram, No. 131558, 3 Feb. 1967, NSFCo, Box 210, LBJL.
89. Sam Cross to Lisle Widman, 'Balance of Payments Impact of U.K. Membership in the EEC', 4 April 1967, Henry Fowler Papers, Box 72-73, LBJL.
90. London to SD, No.5446, 11 Jan. 1967, NSFCo, Box 210, LBJL; Philip Ziegler, Harold Wilson: The Authorized Biography (London, 1993), 331-38.
91. London to SD, No.5446, 11 Jan. 1967, NSFCo, Box 210, LBJL; Philip Ziegler, Harold Wilson: The Authorized Biography (London, 1993), 331-38.
92. 'UK Overseas Military Economies', [Jan. 1967], NSFCo, Box 216, LBJL.
93. London to SD, No.7612, 12 April 1967, NSFCo. Box 210-12, LBJL.
94. Meeting with Prime Minister Wilson, 25 April 1967, Diary Backup, Box 62, LBJL; SD Leddy to Secretary, 15 May 1967, Bator Papers Chron. Box 5.
95. Meeting with Prime Minister Wilson, 25 April 1967, Diary Backup, Box 62, LBJL; SD Leddy to Secretary, 15 May 1967, Bator Papers Chron. Box 5.
96. SD to London, No.192880, 11 May 1967, NSFCo, Box 211, LBJL. Also see Bator to President, 1 June 1967, NSFCo, Box 216.
97. SD to London, No.192880, 11 May 1967, NSFCo, Box 211, LBJL. Also see Bator to President, 1 June 1967, NSFCo, Box 216.
98. Central Intelligence Agency, Directorate of Intelligence, 'Britain and the EEC', 14 March 1967, LBJL, NSFCo, Box 210; Ziegler, Harold Wilson, 335.
99. Central Intelligence Agency, Directorate of Intelligence, 'Britain and the EEC', 14 March 1967, LBJL, NSFCo, Box 210; Ziegler, Harold Wilson, 335.
100. London to SD, No.9929, 30 May 1967, NSFCo, Box 211, LBJL.
101. Bruce to SD, No.9929, 30 May 1967, NSFCo, Box 216, LBJL; Bator to President (two memoranda), 31 May 1967, Bator Papers, Chron-Box 5.
102. Bruce to SD, No.9929, 30 May 1967, NSFCo, Box 216, LBJL; Bator to President (two memoranda), 31 May 1967, Bator Papers, Chron-Box 5.
103. 'Visit of UK Prime Minister Harold Wilson', June 1967, Background Paper: East of Suez, NSFCo, Box 216, LBJL.
104. Memorandum for the President, 1 June 1967, Bator Papers Chron, Box 5, LBJL.
105. Rostow to President, 26 Sept. 1967, NSFCo, Box 216, LBJL; Financial Statistics No.75, 99.
106. Rostow to President, 26 Sept. 1967, NSFCo, Box 216, LBJL; Financial Statistics No.75, 99.
107. SD to London No.211766, 16 June 1967; SD to London, No.3245, 7 July 1967, NSFCo, Box 211, LBJL.
108. SD to London No.211766, 16 June 1967; SD to London, No.3245, 7 July 1967, NSFCo, Box 211, LBJL.
109. London to SD, No.9929, 30 May 1967, NSFCo, Box 211, LBJL.
110. It increased the amount of guaranteed sterling it would hold from $250 million to $300 million. Fowler to Callaghan, FAD Draft 2, 23 Oct. 1967, Fowler Papers, Box 41, LBJL. See also Fowler to President, 19 Oct. 1967, WHCF-CO, Box 44; 'The Economic Position of the United Kingdom', 23 Oct. 1967, Fowler Papers, Box 41; Solomon to Secretary of State, 20 Oct. 1967, NSFCo, Box 211.
111. It increased the amount of guaranteed sterling it would hold from $250 million to $300 million. Fowler to Callaghan, FAD Draft 2, 23 Oct. 1967, Fowler Papers, Box 41, LBJL. See also Fowler to President, 19 Oct. 1967, WHCF-CO, Box 44; 'The Economic Position of the United Kingdom', 23 Oct. 1967, Fowler Papers, Box 41; Solomon to Secretary of State, 20 Oct. 1967, NSFCo, Box 211.
112. It increased the amount of guaranteed sterling it would hold from $250 million to $300 million. Fowler to Callaghan, FAD Draft 2, 23 Oct. 1967, Fowler Papers, Box 41, LBJL. See also Fowler to President, 19 Oct. 1967, WHCF-CO, Box 44; 'The Economic Position of the United Kingdom', 23 Oct. 1967, Fowler Papers, Box 41; Solomon to Secretary of State, 20 Oct. 1967, NSFCo, Box 211.
113. It increased the amount of guaranteed sterling it would hold from $250 million to $300 million. Fowler to Callaghan, FAD Draft 2, 23 Oct. 1967, Fowler Papers, Box 41, LBJL. See also Fowler to President, 19 Oct. 1967, WHCF-CO, Box 44; 'The Economic Position of the United Kingdom', 23 Oct. 1967, Fowler Papers, Box 41; Solomon to Secretary of State, 20 Oct. 1967, NSFCo, Box 211.
114. Rostow to President, 4 Nov. 1967, NSFCo, Box 211, LBJL.
115. Callaghan, Time and Chance, 213-25; Castle, Diaries, 162-66; Pimlott, Harold Wilson, 476-84.
116. Callaghan, Time and Chance, 213-25; Castle, Diaries, 162-66; Pimlott, Harold Wilson, 476-84.
117. Callaghan, Time and Chance, 213-25; Castle, Diaries, 162-66; Pimlott, Harold Wilson, 476-84.
118. Pimlott, Harold Wilson, 479-81.
119. Rostow to President, 13 Nov. 1967, NSFCo, Box 211, LBJL.
120. According to Callaghan, the British government had discussed a long-term sterling support credit with the American treasury department and the Federal Reserve Board in the early summer of 1967 but the United States did not show sufficient interest in the idea until it was too late.
121. John Brooks, Business Adventures (New York, 1969), 389.
122. Ziegler, Harold Wilson, 282.