Elevated levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus in major depression

Biological Psychiatry

Volumn 46, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 1275-1286

  Zhu, Meng Yang ^a   Klimek, Violetta ^a   Dilley, Ginny E ^c   Haycock, John W ^d   Stockmeier, Craig ^c   Overholser, James C ^c   Meltzer, Herbert Y ^c   Ordway, Gregory A ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d LOUISIANA STATE UNIV MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Human; Locus coeruleus; Major depression; Norepinephrine; Postmortem; Tyrosine hydroxylase

Indexed keywords

TYROSINE 3 MONOOXYGENASE;

ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; ENZYME HISTOCHEMISTRY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOBLOTTING; LOCUS CERULEUS; NORADRENALIN BRAIN LEVEL; NORADRENERGIC SYSTEM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUICIDE;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AUTORADIOGRAPHY; BLOTTING, WESTERN; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOBLOTTING; LOCUS COERULEUS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEURONS; SUICIDE; TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE;

EID: 0033232508     PISSN: 00063223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00135-3     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Andreasen N.C., Endicott J., Spitzer R.L., Winokur G. The family history method using diagnostic criteria. Reliability and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 34:1977;1229-1235.
2. Anisman H., Pizzino A., Sklar L.S. Coping with stress, norepinephrine depletion and escape performance. Brain Res. 191:1980;583-588.
3. Arato M., Banki C.M., Bissette G., Nemeroff C.B. Elevated CSF CRF in suicide victims. Biol Psychiatry. 25:1989;355-359.
4. Baldessarini R.J. The basis for amine hypothesis in affective disorders. A critical evaluation. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 32:1975;1087-1093.
5. Baker K.G., Tork I., Hornung J.P., Halasz P. The human locus coeruleus complex An immunohistochemical and three dimensional reconstruction study . Exp Brain Res. 77:1989;257-270.
6. Beckmann H., Goodwin F.K. Uninary MHPG in subgroups of depressed patients and normal controls. Neuropsychobiology. 6:1980;91-100.
7. Berger P.A., Faull K.F., Kilkowski J., Anderson P.J., Kraemer H., Davis K.L., et al. CSF monoamine metabolites in depression and schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 137:1980;174-180.
8. Bowden D.M., German D.C., Poynter W.D. An autoradiographic, semi-stereotaxic mapping of major projections from locus coeruleus and adjacent nuclei in Macaca Mulatta. Brain Res. 145:1978;257-276.
9. Brandy L.S. Stress, antidepressant drugs and the locus coeruleus. Brain Res Bull. 35:1994;545-556.
10. Bunney W.E. Jr, Davis J.M. Norepinephrine in depressive reactions A review . Arch Gen Psychiatry. 13:1965;483-494.
11. Byerley W., Plaetke R., Hoff M., Jensen S., Holik J., Reimherr F., et al. Tyrosine hydroxylase gene not linked to manic-depression in seven of eight pedigrees. Hum Hered. 42:1992;259-263.
12. Caldwell C.B., Gottesman I.I. Schizophrenia - a high-risk factor for suicide Clues to risk reduction . Suicide Life Threat Behav. 22:1992;479-493.
13. Chan-Palay V., Asan E. Quantitation of catecholamine neurons in the locus coeruleus in human brains of normal young and older adults and in depression. J Comp Neurol. 287:1989;357-372.
14. Clayton P.J. Suicide. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 8:1985;203-214.
15. Coggeshall R.E., Lekan H.A. Methods for determining numbers of cells and synapses A case for more uniform standards of review . J Comp Neurol. 364:1996;6-15.
16. Cubells J.F., Kim K.S., Baker H., Volpe B.T., Chung Y.-I., Houpt T.A., et al. Differential in vivo regulation of mRNA encoding the norepinephrine transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase in rat adrenal medulla and locus ceruleus. J Neurochem. 65:1995;502-509.
17. Detera-Wasleigh S.D., Hsieh W.T., Berrettini W.H., Goldin L.R., Rollins D.Y., Muniec D., et al. Genetic linkage mapping for a susceptibility locus to bipolar illness Chromosomes 2,3,4,7,9,10p,22 and Xpter . Am J Med Genet. 54:1994;206-218.
18. Endicott J., Spitzer R.L. A diagnostic interview The schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry. 35:1978;837-844.
19. Esler M., Turbott J., Schwarz R., Leonard P., Bobik A., Skews H., et al. The peripheral kinetics of norepinephrine in depressive illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 39:1982;295-300.
20. Foote S.L., Bloom F.E., Aston-Jones G. Nucleus locus coeruleus New evidence of anatomical and physiological specificity . Physiol Rev. 63:1983;844-914.
21. German D.C., Manaye K.F., White C.L.I., Woodward D.J., McIntire D.D., Smith W.K., et al. Disease-specific patterns of locus coeruleus cell loss. Ann Neurol. 32:1992;667-676.
22. German D.C., Walker B.S., Manaye K., Smith W.K., Woodward D.J., North A.J. The human locus coeruleus Computer reconstruction of cellular distribution . J Neurosci. 8:1988;1776-1788.
23. Healy D., Payke E.S., Whitehouse A.M., White W., Ashby M., Brown M., et al. Plasma noradrenaline, adrenaline and MHPG responses to clonidine in control and depressed subjects. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp. 7:1992;167-173.
24. Henriksson M.M., Aro H.M., Marttunen M.J., Heikkinen M.E., Isometsa E.T., Kuoppasalmi K.I., et al. Mental disorders and comorbidity in suicide. Am J Psychiatry. 150:1993;935-940.
25. Huang Y.H., Maas J.W., Hu G.H. The time course of noradrenergic pre- and postsynaptic activity during chronic desipramine treatment. Eur J Pharmacol. 68:1980;41-47.
26. Kelly T.M., Mann J.J. Validity of DSM-III-R diagnosis by psychological autopsy A comparison with clinician ante-mortem diagnosis . Acta Psychiatr Scand. 94:1996;337-343.
27. 2-adrenoceptors in the human locus coeruleus. Brain Res. 741:1996;263-274.
28. Klimek V., Stockmeier C., Overholser J., Meltzer H.Y., Kalka S., Dilley G., et al. Reduced levels of norepinephrine transporters in the locus coeruleus in major depression. J Neurosci. 17:1997;8451-8458.
29. Koslow S.H., Maas J.W., Bowden C.L., Davis J.M., Hanin I., Javaid J. CSF and urinary biogenic amines and metabolites in depression and mania. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 40:1983;999-1010.
30. Lake C.R., Pickar D., Ziegler M.G., Lipper S., Slater S., Murphy D.L. High plasma norepinephrine levels in patients with major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 39:1982;1315-1318.
31. Lim L., Gurling H.M.D., Curtis D., Brynjolfsson J., Petursson H., Gill M. Linkage between tyrosine hydroxylase and affective disorder cannot be excluded in two of six pedigrees. Am J Med Genet. 48:1993;223-228.
32. Loughlin S.E., Foote S.L., Grzanna R. Efferent projections of nucleus locus coeruleus Morphologic subpopulations have different efferent targets . Neuroscience. 18:1986;307-319.
33. Loughlin S.E., Foote S.L., Bloom F.E. Efferent projections of nucleus locus coeruleus Topographic organization of cells of origin demonstrated by three-dimensional reconstruction . Neuroscience. 18:1986;291-306.
34. Melia K.R., Duman R.S. Involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor in chronic stress regulation of the brain noradrenergic system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 88:1991;8382-8386.
35. Melia K.R., Rasmussen K., Terwilliger R.Z., Haycock J.W., Nestler E.J., Duman R.S. Coordinate regulation of the cyclic AMP system with firing rate and expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the rat locus coeruleus Effects of chronic stress and drug treatments . J Neurochem. 58:1992;494-502.
36. Melia K.R., Nestler E.J., Duman R.S. Chronic imipramine treatment normalizes levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus of chronically stressed rats. Psychopharmacology. 108:1992;23-26.
37. Miller N.S., Mahler J.C., Gold M.S. Suicide risk associated with drug and alcohol dependence. J Addict Dis. 10:1991;49-61.
38. Musselman D.L., Nemeroff C.B. Depression and endocrine disorders Focus on the thyroid and adrenal system . Br J Psychiatry. 30:(suppl):1996;123-128.
39. Nagatsu T., Levitt M., Udenfriend S. Tyrosine hydroxylase The initial step in norepinephrine biosynthesis . J Biol Chem. 239:1964;2910-2917.
40. Nankova B., Kvetnansky R., Hiremagalur B., Sabban B., Rusnnak M., Sabban E.L. Immobilization stress elevates gene expression for catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes and some neuropeptides in rat sympathetic ganglia Effects of adrenocorticotropin and glucocorticoids . Endocrinology. 137:1996;5597-5604.
41. Nestler E.J., McMahon A., Sabban E.L., Tallman J.F., Duman R.S. Chronic antidepressant administration decreases the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the rat locus coeruleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 87:1990;7522-7526.
42. Ordway G.A., Smith K.S., Haycock J.W. Elevated tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus of suicide victims. J Neurochem. 62:1994;680-685.
43. Ordway G.A., Stockmeier C.A., Cason G.W., Klimek V. Pharmacology and distribution of norepinephrine transporters in the human locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei. J Neurosci. 17:1997;1710-1719.
44. Oreland L., Wiberg A., Asberg M., Traskman L., Sjostrand L., Thoren P., et al. Platelet MAO activity and monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid in depressed and suicidal patients and in health controls. Psychiatr Res. 4:1981;21-29.
45. 4 receptor genes in a croatian sample of bipolar I and unipolar patients. Am J Med Genetics. 74:1997;176-178.
46. Osterhout C.A., Chikaraishi D.M., Tank A.W. Induction of tyrosine hydroxylase protein and a transgene containing tyrosine hydroxylase 5′ flanking sequences by stress in mouse adrenal gland. J Neurochem. 68:1997;1071-1077.
47. Pavcovich L., Cancela L., Volosin M., Molina V., Ramirez O. Chronic stress-induced changes in locus coeruleus neural activity. Brain Res Bull. 24:1990;293-296.
48. Paykel E.S., Myers J.K., Dienelt M.N. Life events and depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 21:1969;735-741.
49. Potter W.Z., Manji H.K. Catecholamines in depression An update . Clin Chem. 40:1994;279-287.
50. Rich C.L., Young D., Fowler R.C. San Diego suicide study. I. Young vs. old subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 43:1986;577-582.
51. Roy A. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and suicidal behavior in depression. Biol Psychiatry. 32:1992;812-816.
52. Roy A., Pickar D., Linnoila M., Potter W.Z. Plasma norepinephrine level in affective disorders. Relationship to melancholia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 42:1985;1181-1185.
53. Sachar E.J., Hellman L., Rosswarg H.P., Halpern F.S., Fukushima D.K., Gallagher T.F. Disrupted 24 hour cortisol secretion in psychotic depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 28:1973;19-24.
54. Schultzberg M., Austin M.C., Crawley J.N., Paul S.M. Repeated administration of desmethylimipramine blocks reserpine-induced increase in tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in locus coeruleus neurons of the rat. Mol Brain Res. 10:1991;307-314.
55. Siever L.J., Davis K.L. Overview Toward a dysregulation hypothesis of depression . Am J Psychiatry. 142:1985;1017-1031.
56. Smyth C., Kalsi G., Brynjolfsson J., O'Neill J., Curtis D., Rifkin L., et al. Further tests for linkage of bipolar affective disorder to the tyrosine hydroxylase gene locus on chromosome 11p15 in a new series of multiplex British affective disorder pedigrees. Am J Psychiatry. 153:1996;271-274.
57. Souery D., Lipp O., Mahieu B., Mendelbaum K., De Martelaer V., Van Broeckhoven C., et al. Association study of bipolar disorder with candidate genes involved in catecholamine neurotransmission DRD2, DRD3, DAT1, and TH genes . Am J Med Genetics. 67:1996;551-555.
58. Stein E., McCrank E., Schaefer B., Goyer P. Adrenal gland weight and suicide. Can J Psychiatry. 38:1993;563-566.
59. Sulser F. New perspectives on the mode of action of antidepressant drugs. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1:1979;92-94.
60. Valentino R.J., Foote S., Aston-Jones G. Corticotropin-releasing factor activates noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus. Brain Res. 270:1983;363-367.
61. Valentino R.J., Curtis A.L., Parris D.G., Wehby R.G. Antidepressant actions on brain noradrenergic neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 253:1990;833-840.
62. Van Bockstaele E.J., Colago E.E., Valentino R.J. Corticotropin-releasing factor-containing axon terminals synapse onto catecholamine dendrites and may presynaptically modulate other afferents in the rostral pole of the nucleus locus coeruleus in the rat brain. J Comp Neurol. 364:1996;523-534.
63. Veith R.C., Barnes R.F., Villacres E., Murburg M.M., Raskind M.A., Borson S., et al. Plasma catecholamines and norepinephrine kinetics in depression and panic disorder. Belmaker R. Catecholamines Clinical Aspects . 1988;197-202 Alan Liss, New York.
64. Veith R.C., Lewis N., Linares O.A., Barnes R.F., Raskind M.A., Villacres E.C., et al. Sympathetic nervous system activity in major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 51:1994;411-422.
65. Wang P., Kitayama I., Nomura J. Tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in the locus coeruleus of depression-model rats and rats exposed to short-and long-term forced walking stress. Life Sci. 62:1998;2083-2092.
66. Weiss JM, Glazer HI, Pohorecky LA (1976): Coping behavior and neurochemical changes: An alternative explanation for the original "learned helplessness" experiments. In: Kling SG, editor. Animal Models in Human Psychobiology, New York: Plenum, 133-145.
67. Weiss J.M., Goodman P.A., Losito B.G., Corrigan S., Charry J.M., Bailey W.H. Behavioral depression produced by an uncontrollable stressor Relationship to norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin levels in various regions of rat brain . Brain Res Rev. 3:1981;167-205.
68. Weiss J.M., Bailey W.H., Goodman P.A., Hoffman L.J., Ambrose M.J., Salman S., et al. A model for neurochemical study of depression. Spiegelstein M., Levy A. Behavioral Models and the Analysis of Drug Action. 1982;195-223 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
69. Weissmann D., Labatut R., Richard F., Rousset C., Pujol J. Direct transfer into nitrocellulose and quantitative radioautographic anatomical determination of brain tyrosine hydroxylase protein concentration. J Neurochem. 53:1989;793-799.
70. Wilk S., Shopsin B., Gershon S., Suhl M. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of MHPG in affective disorders. Nature. 235:1972;440-441.
71. Zigmond R.E., Schwarzschild M.A., Rittenhouse A.R. Acute regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase by nerve activity and by neurotransmitters via phosphorylation. Ann Rev Neurosci. 12:1989;415-461.
72. Zubenko G.S., Moossy J., Kopp U. Neurochemical correlates of major depression in primary dementia. Arch Neurol. 47:1990;209-214.