The formation of coherent structures in the context of blocking

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 56, Issue 21, 1999, Pages 3640-3662

  Gottwald, Georg ^a,b   Grimshaw, Roger ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b INSTITUT NON LINÉAIRE DE NICE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC BLOCKING; ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; BAROCLINIC WAVE;

EID: 0033226390     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<3640:TFOCSI>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Arakawa, A., 1966: Computational design for long term numerical integration of the equations of fluid motion: Two-dimensional incompressible flow. Part I. J. Comput. Phys, 1, 119-143.
2. Bartello, P., 1995: Geostrophic adjustment and inverse cascades in rotating stratified turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4410-4428.
3. _, O. Metais, and J. Lesieur, 1996: Geostrophic versus wave eddy viscosities in atmospheric models. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 564-571.
4. Bokhove, O., and T. Shepherd, 1996: On Hamiltonian balanced dynamics and the slowest invariant manifold. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 276-297.
5. Cehelsky, P., and K. K. Tung, 1985: Theories of multiple equilibria and weather regimes - A critical reexamination. Part 2: Baroclinic two-layer models. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2804-2819.
6. Charney, J., 1947: The dynamics of long waves in a baroclinic westerly current. J. Meteor., 4, 135-163.
7. _, and J. DeVore, 1979: Multiple flow equilibria in the atmosphere and blocking. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1205-1216.
8. Christensen, C. W., and A. Wiin-Nielsen, 1996: Blocking as a wave-wave interaction. Tellus, 48, 254-271.
9. Craik, A. D. D., 1985: Wave Interactions in Fluid Flows. Cambridge University Press, 322 pp.
10. Dole, R. M., 1982: Persistent anomalies of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
11. _, 1983: Persistent anomalies of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation. Large-Scale Dynamical Processes in the Atmosphere, B. J. Hoskins and R. P. Pearce, Eds., Academic Press, 95-109.
12. _, 1986: The life-cycles of persistent anomalies and blocking over the North Pacific. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 29, Academic Press, 31-70.
13. Eady, E. T., 1949: Long waves and cyclonic waves. Tellus, 1, 33-52.
14. Egger, J., W. Metz, and G. Mueller, 1986: Forcing of planetary-scale blocking anticyclones by synoptic-scale eddies. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 29, Academic Press, 183-197.
15. Ek, N. R., and G. E. Swaters, 1994: Geostrophic scatter diagrams and the application of quasigeostrophic free-mode theory to a northeast Pacific blocking episode. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 563-581.
16. Frederiksen, J., 1992: Towards a unified instability theory of large-scale atmospheric disturbances. Trends Atmos. Sci., 1, 239-261.
17. _, 1997: Adjoint sensitivity and finite-time normal mode disturbances during blocking. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1144-1165.
18. _, and R. Bell, 1990: North Atlantic blocking during January 1979: Linear Theory. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 116, 1289-1313.
19. Gierling, J., 1994: Wechselwirkung Strahlstrominduzierter Rossby-Wellen in der Erdatmosphäre. Ph.D. thesis, Universität Düsseldorf, 141 pp.
20. Gottwald, G., 1998: Nonlinear waves and pattern formation in the atmosphere. Ph.D. thesis, Monash University, 102 pp.
21. Grimshaw, R., and H. Mitsudera, 1993: Slowly varying solitary wave solutions of the perturbed Korteweg-de Vries equation revisited. Stud. Appl. Math., 90, 75-86.
22. _, and B. Malomed, 1994: A new type of gap soliton in a coupled Korteweg-De Vries wave system. Phys. Rev. Lett., 72, 324-335.
23. _, E. Pelinovsky, and X. Tian, 1995: Interaction of a solitary wave with an external force. Physica D, 77, 405-433.
24. Haines, K., and J. Marshall, 1987: Eddy-forced coherent structures as a prototype of atmospheric blocking. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 681-704.
25. _, and P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, 1991: Isolated anomalies in westerly jet-streams: A unified approach. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 510-526.
26. Han, T. Y., J. C. S. Meng, and G. E. Innis, 1983: An open boundary condition for incompressible stratified fluid. J. Comput. Phys., 49, 276-297.
27. Hansen, A., and T. C. Chen, 1982: A spectral energetics analysis of atmospheric blocking. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1146-1159.
28. _, and A. Sutera, 1984: A comparison of the spectral energy and enstrophy budgets of blocking versus non-blocking periods. Tellus, 36, 52-63.
29. Helfrich, K. R., and J. Pedlosky, 1993: Time-dependent isolated anomalies in zonal flows. J. Fluid Mech, 251, 377-409.
30. _, and _, 1995: Large-amplitude coherent anomalies in baroclinic zonal flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1615-1629.
31. Holland, W. R., 1978: The role of mesoscale eddies in the general circulation of the ocean - Numerical experiments using a wind-driven quasigeostrophic model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 8, 363-392.
32. Johnson, R., 1973: On an asymptotic solution of the Korteweg-de Vries equation with slowly varying coefficients. J. Fluid Mech., 86, 415-446.
33. Kalnay, E., and K. C. Mo, 1986: Mechanistic experiments to determine the origin of short-scale Southern Hemisphere stationary Rossby waves. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 29, Academic Press, 415-442.
34. Karpman, V., and E. Maslov, 1978: Structure of tails produced under the action of perturbations on solitons. Sov. Phys. JETP, 48, 252-259.
35. Kaup, D., and A. Newell, 1978: Solitons as particles, oscillators, and in slowly changing media: A singular perturbation theory. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 361A, 412-446.
36. Legras, B., and M. Ghil, 1985: Persistent anomalies, blocking and variation in atmospheric predictability. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 433-471.
37. Linden, P. F., B. M. Boubnov, and S. B. Dalziel, 1995: Source-sink turbulence in a rotating stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech., 298, 81-203.
38. Lindzen, R. S., 1986: Stationary planetary waves, blocking, and interannual variability. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 29, Academic Press, 251-276.
39. Lorenz, E., 1980: Attractor sets and quasigeostrophic equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1685-1699.
40. Lupo, A., and P. Smith, 1995: Planetary and synoptic-scale interactions during the life cycle of a midlatitude blocking anticyclone over the North Atlantic. Tellus, 47A, 575-596.
41. Malguzzi, P., and P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, 1984: Nonlinear stationary Rossby waves on nonuniform zonal winds and atmospheric blocking Part I: The analytical theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2620-2628.
42. _, and _, 1985: Coherent structures in a baroclinic atmosphere. Part II: A truncated model approach. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2463-2477.
43. Malomed, B., R. Grimshaw, and X. Tian, 1994: Gap solitons in a coupled Korteweg-De Vries system. Structure and Dynamics of Nonlinear Waves in Fluids, K. Kirchgässner and A. Mielke, Eds., World Scientific.
44. Metais, O., P. Bartello, E. Gamier, and J. Lesieur, 1996: Inverse cascade in stratified rotating turbulence. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 23, 193-203.
45. Mitsudera, H., 1994: Eady solitary waves: A theory of type B cyclogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3137-3154.
46. Mullen, S. L., 1987: Transient eddy forcing and blocking flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3-22.
47. Naulin, V., 1995: Nichtlinearer transport in Ebenen Driftwellenmodellen. Ph.D. thesis, Universität Düsseldorf, 119 pp.
48. _, K. H. Spatschek, S. Musher, and L. I. Piterberg, 1995: Properties of a two-nonlinearity mode. Phys. Plasmas 2, 48, 2640-2652.
49. Nezlin, P., 1994: Rossby solitary vortices on giant planets and in the laboratory. Chaos, 4, 187-202.
50. Oort, A., and E. Rasmusson, 1971: Atmospheric circulation statistics. NOAA Prof. Paper 5.
51. Patoine, A., and T. Warn, 1982: The interaction of long, quasi-stationary baroclinic waves with topography. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1018-1025.
52. Pedlosky, J., 1987: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. 2d ed. Springer-Verlag, 710 pp.
53. Tang, Y., and R. Grimshaw, 1996: Radiation boundary conditions in barotropic coastal ocean numerical models. J. Comput. Phys., 123, 96-110.
54. Tung, K. K., and A. J. Rosenthal, 1985: Theories of multiple equilibria - A Critical Reexamination. Part I: Barotropic models. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2804-2819.
55. Valcke, S., and J. Verron, 1996: Cyclone-anticyclone asymmetry in the merging process. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 24, 227-236.
56. Warn, T., and B. Brasnett, 1983: The amplification and capture of atmospheric solitons by topography: A theory of onset of regional blocking. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 28-40.
57. _, and R. Menard, 1986: Nonlinear balance and gravity-inertial wave saturation in a simple atmospheric model. Tellus, 38, 285-294.
58. Yano, J., and H. Mukougawa, 1992: The attractor dimension of a quasi-geostrophic two layer system. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 65, 77-91.