메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 815-829

Reflex Torque Response to Movement of the Spastic Elbow: Theoretical Analyses and Implications for Quantification of Spasticity

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Hemiparesis; Spasticity; Stretch reflex; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; ELBOW; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; HUMAN; JOINT CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS; MIDDLE AGED; NONLINEAR SYSTEM; PARESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SIGNAL PROCESSING; SPASTICITY; TORQUE;

EID: 0033220287     PISSN: 00906964     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1114/1.234     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (57)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 0002322704 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of muscle and joint loads
    • edited by V. C. Mow and W. C. Hayes. New York: Raven
    • An, K. N., E. Y. S. Chao, and K. R. Kaufman. Analysis of muscle and joint loads. In: Basic Orthopaedic Biomechanics, edited by V. C. Mow and W. C. Hayes. New York: Raven, 1991, pp. 1-50.
    • (1991) Basic Orthopaedic Biomechanics , pp. 1-50
    • An, K.N.1    Chao, E.Y.S.2    Kaufman, K.R.3
  • 2
    • 0019780933 scopus 로고
    • Muscles across the elbow joint: A biomechanical analysis
    • An, K. N., F. C. Hui, B. F. Morrey, R. L. Linsheid, and E. Y. Chao. Muscles across the elbow joint: A biomechanical analysis. J. Biomech. 14:659-669, 1981.
    • (1981) J. Biomech. , vol.14 , pp. 659-669
    • An, K.N.1    Hui, F.C.2    Morrey, B.F.3    Linsheid, R.L.4    Chao, E.Y.5
  • 3
    • 0015167308 scopus 로고
    • Stretch reflexes in the upper limb of spastic man
    • Ashby, P., and D. Burke. Stretch reflexes in the upper limb of spastic man. J. Neurol., Neurosurg. Psychiatry 34:765-771, 1971.
    • (1971) J. Neurol., Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 765-771
    • Ashby, P.1    Burke, D.2
  • 4
    • 75949150955 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary trial of carisoprodal in multiple sclerosis
    • Ashworth, B. Preliminary trial of carisoprodal in multiple sclerosis. Practitioner 192:540-542, 1964.
    • (1964) Practitioner , vol.192 , pp. 540-542
    • Ashworth, B.1
  • 5
    • 0022968616 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of synergic relations during isometric contractions of human elbow muscles
    • Buchanan, T. S., D. P. J. Almdale, J. L. Lewis, and W. Z. Rymer. Characteristics of synergic relations during isometric contractions of human elbow muscles. J. Neurophysiol. 56:1225-1241, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.56 , pp. 1225-1241
    • Buchanan, T.S.1    Almdale, D.P.J.2    Lewis, J.L.3    Rymer, W.Z.4
  • 6
    • 0027575831 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of muscle forces about the wrist joint during isometric tasks using an EMG coefficient method
    • Buchanan, T. S., M. J. Moniz, J. P. A. Dewald, and W. Z. Rymer. Estimation of muscle forces about the wrist joint during isometric tasks using an EMG coefficient method. J. Biomech. 26:547-560, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Biomech. , vol.26 , pp. 547-560
    • Buchanan, T.S.1    Moniz, M.J.2    Dewald, J.P.A.3    Rymer, W.Z.4
  • 7
    • 0024849661 scopus 로고
    • Strategies for muscle activation during isometric torque generation at the human elbow
    • Buchanan, T. S., G. P. Rovai, and W. Z. Rymer. Strategies for muscle activation during isometric torque generation at the human elbow. J. Neurophysiol. 62:1201-1212, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.62 , pp. 1201-1212
    • Buchanan, T.S.1    Rovai, G.P.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 10
    • 0015251465 scopus 로고
    • Spasticity, decerebrate rigidity and the clasp-knife phenomenon: An experimental study in the cat
    • Burke, D., L. Knowles, C. Andrews, and P. Ashby. Spasticity, decerebrate rigidity and the clasp-knife phenomenon: An experimental study in the cat. Brain 95:31-48, 1972.
    • (1972) Brain , vol.95 , pp. 31-48
    • Burke, D.1    Knowles, L.2    Andrews, C.3    Ashby, P.4
  • 11
    • 0025048728 scopus 로고
    • Neural mechanisms underlying the clasp-knife reflex in the cat. II. Stretch-sensitive muscular free nerve endings
    • Cleland, C. L., L. Hayward, and W. Z. Rymer. Neural mechanisms underlying the clasp-knife reflex in the cat. II. Stretch-sensitive muscular free nerve endings. J. Neurophysiol. 64:1319-1330, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.64 , pp. 1319-1330
    • Cleland, C.L.1    Hayward, L.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 12
    • 0025107056 scopus 로고
    • Neural mechanisms underlying the clasp-knife reflex in the cat I. Characteristics of the reflex
    • Cleland, C. L., and W. Z. Rymer. Neural mechanisms underlying the clasp-knife reflex in the cat I. Characteristics of the reflex. J. Neurophysiol. 64:1303-1318, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.64 , pp. 1303-1318
    • Cleland, C.L.1    Rymer, W.Z.2
  • 13
    • 0017150430 scopus 로고
    • Regulatory actions of human stretch reflexes
    • Crago, P. E., J. C. Houk, and Z. Hasan. Regulatory actions of human stretch reflexes. J. Neurophysiol. 39:925-935, 1976.
    • (1976) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.39 , pp. 925-935
    • Crago, P.E.1    Houk, J.C.2    Hasan, Z.3
  • 14
    • 0000956549 scopus 로고
    • Functional tuning of the nervous system with control of movement and maintenance of a steady posture II. Controllable parameters of the muscle
    • Feldman, A. G. Functional tuning of the nervous system with control of movement and maintenance of a steady posture II. Controllable parameters of the muscle. Biophysics (Engl. Transl.) 11:565-578, 1966.
    • (1966) Biophysics (Engl. Transl.) , vol.11 , pp. 565-578
    • Feldman, A.G.1
  • 15
  • 16
    • 0029080305 scopus 로고
    • Joint dependent passive stiffness in paretic and contralateral limbs of spastic patients with hemiparetic stroke
    • Given, J. D., J. P. A. Dewald, and W. Z. Rymer. Joint dependent passive stiffness in paretic and contralateral limbs of spastic patients with hemiparetic stroke. J. Neurol., Neurosurg. Psychiatry 59:271-279, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Neurol., Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 271-279
    • Given, J.D.1    Dewald, J.P.A.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 17
    • 0015391874 scopus 로고
    • The role of muscle stiffness in meeting the changing postural and locomotor requirements for force development by the ankle extensors
    • Grillner, S. The role of muscle stiffness in meeting the changing postural and locomotor requirements for force development by the ankle extensors. Acta Physiol. Scand. 86:92-108, 1972.
    • (1972) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.86 , pp. 92-108
    • Grillner, S.1
  • 18
    • 0014717065 scopus 로고
    • The myotactic reflex clinico-physiological aspects of spasticity and contracture
    • Herman, R. The myotactic reflex clinico-physiological aspects of spasticity and contracture. Brain 93:273-312, 1970.
    • (1970) Brain , vol.93 , pp. 273-312
    • Herman, R.1
  • 19
    • 0018336417 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of stiffness by skeletomotor reflexes
    • Houk, J. C. Regulation of stiffness by skeletomotor reflexes. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 41:99-114, 1979.
    • (1979) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.41 , pp. 99-114
    • Houk, J.C.1
  • 21
    • 0014089439 scopus 로고
    • Responses of golgi tendon organs to active contractions of the soleus muscle of the cat
    • Houk, J., and E. Henneman. Responses of golgi tendon organs to active contractions of the soleus muscle of the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 30:466-481, 1967.
    • (1967) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.30 , pp. 466-481
    • Houk, J.1    Henneman, E.2
  • 22
    • 0019506965 scopus 로고
    • Dependence of dynamic response of spindle receptors on muscle length and velocity
    • Houk, J. C., W. Z. Rymer, and P. E. Crago. Dependence of dynamic response of spindle receptors on muscle length and velocity. J. Neurophysiol. 46:143-168, 1981.
    • (1981) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.46 , pp. 143-168
    • Houk, J.C.1    Rymer, W.Z.2    Crago, P.E.3
  • 23
    • 0014878299 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of length and force feedback to soleus muscles of decerebrate cats
    • Houk, J. C., J. J. Singer, and M. R. Goldman. An evaluation of length and force feedback to soleus muscles of decerebrate cats. J. Neurophysiol. 33:784-811, 1970.
    • (1970) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.33 , pp. 784-811
    • Houk, J.C.1    Singer, J.J.2    Goldman, M.R.3
  • 24
    • 0015148631 scopus 로고
    • Adequate stimulus for tendon organs with observations on mechanics of ankle joint
    • Houk, J. C., J. J. Singer, and E. Henneman. Adequate stimulus for tendon organs with observations on mechanics of ankle joint. J. Neurophysiol. 34:1051-1065, 1971.
    • (1971) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.34 , pp. 1051-1065
    • Houk, J.C.1    Singer, J.J.2    Henneman, E.3
  • 25
    • 0027308268 scopus 로고
    • Stretch-induced electromyographic activity and torque in spastic elbow muscles
    • Ibrahim, I. K., W. Berger, M. Trippel, and V. Dietz. Stretch-induced electromyographic activity and torque in spastic elbow muscles. Brain 116:971-989, 1993.
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 971-989
    • Ibrahim, I.K.1    Berger, W.2    Trippel, M.3    Dietz, V.4
  • 26
    • 0024828325 scopus 로고
    • The effects of lesions on autogenetic inhibition in the decerebrate cat
    • Iles, J. F., J. J. B. Jack, D. M. Kullmann, and R. C. Roberts. The effects of lesions on autogenetic inhibition in the decerebrate cat. J. Physiol. (London) 419:611-625, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Physiol. (London) , vol.419 , pp. 611-625
    • Iles, J.F.1    Jack, J.J.B.2    Kullmann, D.M.3    Roberts, R.C.4
  • 27
    • 0024848156 scopus 로고
    • Autogenetic inhibition from contraction receptors in the decerebrate cat
    • Jack, J. J. B., D. M. Kullmann, and R. C. Roberts. Autogenetic inhibition from contraction receptors in the decerebrate cat. J. Physiol. (London) 419:589-610, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Physiol. (London) , vol.419 , pp. 589-610
    • Jack, J.J.B.1    Kullmann, D.M.2    Roberts, R.C.3
  • 28
    • 0023259869 scopus 로고
    • Neural compensation for muscular fatigue: Evidence for significant force regulation in man
    • Kirsch, R. F., and W. Z. Rymer. Neural compensation for muscular fatigue: Evidence for significant force regulation in man. J. Neurophysiol. 57:1893-1910, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.57 , pp. 1893-1910
    • Kirsch, R.F.1    Rymer, W.Z.2
  • 29
    • 0006368703 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of spasticity
    • edited by A. Struppler and A. Weindl. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • E. Knutsson. Quantification of spasticity. In: Electromyography and Evoked Potentials, edited by A. Struppler and A. Weindl. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985, pp. 84-91.
    • (1985) Electromyography and Evoked Potentials , pp. 84-91
    • Knutsson, E.1
  • 30
    • 0002966809 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of spasticity and clinical experience with baclofen
    • edited by R. G. Feldman, R. R. Young, and W. P. Koella. Chicago: Year Book
    • Lance, J. W. Pathophysiology of spasticity and clinical experience with baclofen. In: Spasticity: Disordered Motor Control, edited by R. G. Feldman, R. R. Young, and W. P. Koella. Chicago: Year Book, 1980, pp. 185-203.
    • (1980) Spasticity: Disordered Motor Control , pp. 185-203
    • Lance, J.W.1
  • 31
    • 0023266606 scopus 로고
    • Absence of stretch reflex gain enhancement in voluntarily activated spastic muscle
    • Lee, W. A., A. Boughton, and W. Z. Rymer. Absence of stretch reflex gain enhancement in voluntarily activated spastic muscle. Exp. Neurol. 98:317-335, 1987.
    • (1987) Exp. Neurol. , vol.98 , pp. 317-335
    • Lee, W.A.1    Boughton, A.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 32
    • 0028098802 scopus 로고
    • The role of stretch reflex threshold regulation in normal and impaired motor control
    • Levin, M. F., and A. G. Feldman. The role of stretch reflex threshold regulation in normal and impaired motor control. Brain Res. 657:23-30, 1994.
    • (1994) Brain Res. , vol.657 , pp. 23-30
    • Levin, M.F.1    Feldman, A.G.2
  • 33
    • 84944496100 scopus 로고
    • The dependence of tension upon extension in the stretch reflex of the soleus muscle of the decerebrate cat
    • Matthews, P. B. C. The dependence of tension upon extension in the stretch reflex of the soleus muscle of the decerebrate cat. J. Physiol. (London) 147:521-546, 1959.
    • (1959) J. Physiol. (London) , vol.147 , pp. 521-546
    • Matthews, P.B.C.1
  • 34
    • 0012210552 scopus 로고
    • A study of certain factors influencing the stretch reflex of the decerebrate cat
    • Matthews, P. B. C. A study of certain factors influencing the stretch reflex of the decerebrate cat. J. Physiol. (London) 147:547-564, 1959.
    • (1959) J. Physiol. (London) , vol.147 , pp. 547-564
    • Matthews, P.B.C.1
  • 35
    • 0021892601 scopus 로고
    • Different types of slowly conducting afferent units in cat skeletal muscle and tendon
    • Mense, S., and H. Meyer. Different types of slowly conducting afferent units in cat skeletal muscle and tendon. J. Physiol. (London) 363:403-417, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Physiol. (London) , vol.363 , pp. 403-417
    • Mense, S.1    Meyer, H.2
  • 37
    • 0029294150 scopus 로고
    • Variation of muscle moment arms with elbow and forearm positions
    • Murray, W. M., S. L. Delp, and T. S. Buchanan. Variation of muscle moment arms with elbow and forearm positions. J. Biomech. 28:513-525, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Biomech. , vol.28 , pp. 513-525
    • Murray, W.M.1    Delp, S.L.2    Buchanan, T.S.3
  • 38
    • 0017279016 scopus 로고
    • Improvement in linearity and regulation of stiffness that results from actions of stretch reflex
    • Nichols, T. R., and J. C. Houk. Improvement in linearity and regulation of stiffness that results from actions of stretch reflex. J. Neurophysiol. 39:119-142, 1976.
    • (1976) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.39 , pp. 119-142
    • Nichols, T.R.1    Houk, J.C.2
  • 39
    • 0024581820 scopus 로고
    • Stretch reflex dynamics in spastic elbow flexor muscles
    • Powers, R. K., D. L. Campbell, and W. Z. Rymer. Stretch reflex dynamics in spastic elbow flexor muscles. Ann. Neurol. 25:32-42, 1989.
    • (1989) Ann. Neurol. , vol.25 , pp. 32-42
    • Powers, R.K.1    Campbell, D.L.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 40
    • 0023882205 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative relations between hypertonia and stretch reflex threshold in spastic hemiparesis
    • Powers, R. K., J. Marder-Meyer, and W. Z. Rymer. Quantitative relations between hypertonia and stretch reflex threshold in spastic hemiparesis. Ann. Neurol. 23:115-124, 1988.
    • (1988) Ann. Neurol. , vol.23 , pp. 115-124
    • Powers, R.K.1    Marder-Meyer, J.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 41
    • 0021286977 scopus 로고
    • Elastic properties of the cat soleus tendon and their functional importance
    • Rack, P. M. H., and D. R. Westbury. Elastic properties of the cat soleus tendon and their functional importance. J. Physiol. (London) 347:479-495, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Physiol. (London) , vol.347 , pp. 479-495
    • Rack, P.M.H.1    Westbury, D.R.2
  • 42
    • 0018851215 scopus 로고
    • Absence of force-feedback regulation in soleus muscle of the decerebrate cat
    • Rymer, W. Z., and Z. Hasan. Absence of force-feedback regulation in soleus muscle of the decerebrate cat. Brain Res. 184:203-209, 1980.
    • (1980) Brain Res. , vol.184 , pp. 203-209
    • Rymer, W.Z.1    Hasan, Z.2
  • 43
    • 0018293412 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of the clasp-knife reflex studied in an animal model
    • Rymer, W. Z., J. C. Houk, and P. E. Crago. Mechanisms of the clasp-knife reflex studied in an animal model. Exp. Brain Res. 37:93-113, 1979.
    • (1979) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.37 , pp. 93-113
    • Rymer, W.Z.1    Houk, J.C.2    Crago, P.E.3
  • 44
    • 0347242171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stretch reflex adaptation in elbow flexors during repeated passive movements in unilateral brain-injured patients
    • Schmit B. D., J. P. A. Dewald, and W. Z. Rymer. Stretch reflex adaptation in elbow flexors during repeated passive movements in unilateral brain-injured patients. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 1999.
    • (1999) Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.
    • Schmit, B.D.1    Dewald, J.P.A.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 45
    • 0016748091 scopus 로고
    • Tendon organs of cat medial gastrocnemius: Responses to active and passive forces as a function of muscle length
    • Stephens, J. A., R. M. Reinking, and D. G. Stuart. Tendon organs of cat medial gastrocnemius: responses to active and passive forces as a function of muscle length. J. Neurophysiol 38:1217-1231, 1975.
    • (1975) J. Neurophysiol , vol.38 , pp. 1217-1231
    • Stephens, J.A.1    Reinking, R.M.2    Stuart, D.G.3
  • 46
    • 0026071984 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of spastic muscle hypertonus: Variation in reflex gain over the time course of spasticity
    • Thilmann, A. F., S. J. Fellows, and E. Garms. The mechanism of spastic muscle hypertonus: Variation in reflex gain over the time course of spasticity. Brain 114:233-244, 1991.
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 233-244
    • Thilmann, A.F.1    Fellows, S.J.2    Garms, E.3
  • 47
    • 0029893994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining consistency of elbow joint threshold angle in elbow flexor muscles with spastic hypertonia
    • Wolf, S. L., R. L. Segal, P. A. Catlin, J. Tschorn, T. Raleigh, H. Kontos, and P. Pate. Determining consistency of elbow joint threshold angle in elbow flexor muscles with spastic hypertonia. Phys. Ther. 76:586-600, 1996.
    • (1996) Phys. Ther. , vol.76 , pp. 586-600
    • Wolf, S.L.1    Segal, R.L.2    Catlin, P.A.3    Tschorn, J.4    Raleigh, T.5    Kontos, H.6    Pate, P.7
  • 48
    • 0021018810 scopus 로고
    • Linear and nonlinear surface EMG/force relationships in human muscles
    • Woods, J. J., and B. Bigland-Ritchie. Linear and nonlinear surface EMG/force relationships in human muscles. Am. J. Phys. Med. 62:287-299, 1983.
    • (1983) Am. J. Phys. Med. , vol.62 , pp. 287-299
    • Woods, J.J.1    Bigland-Ritchie, B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.