Cognitive load and person memory: The role of perceived group variability

European Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 29, Issue 7, 1999, Pages 925-942

  Pendry, Louise F ^a   Macrae, C Neil ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033216601     PISSN: 00462772     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199911)29:7<925::AID-EJSP973>3.0.CO;2-O     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
2. Belmore, S. M. (1987). Determinants of attention during information processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 480-489.
3. Bodenhausen, G. V. (1990). Stereotypes as judgmental heuristics: Evidence of circadian variations in discrimination. Psychological Science, 1, 319-322.
4. Bodenhausen, G. V. & Lichtenstein, M. (1987). Social stereotypes and information-processing strategies: The impact of task complexity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 871-880.
5. Bodenhausen, G. V. & Wyer, R. S. Jr (1985). Effects of stereotypes on decision making and information-processing strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 267-282.
6. Brewer, M. B. (1988). A dual process model of impression formation. In T. K. Srull & R. S. Wyer Jr (Eds), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 1-36). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
7. Devine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 5-18.
8. Erber, R. & Fiske, S. T. (1984). Outcome dependency and attention to inconsistent information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 709-726.
9. Fiske, S. T. & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 1-74). New York: Academic Press.
10. Fiske, S. T. & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition (2nd edn). New York: McGraw-Hill.
11. Gilbert, D. T. & Hixon, J. G. (1991). The trouble of thinking: Activation and application of stereotypic beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 509-517.
12. Gilbert, D. T. & Osborne, R. E. (1989). Thinking backward: Some curable and incurable consequences of cognitive busyness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 940-949.
13. Hamilton, D. L. & Sherman, S. J. (1994). Stereotypes. In R. S. Wyer Jr & T. K. Srull (Eds), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 2, pp. 1-68). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
14. Hastie, R. (1981). Schematic principles in human memory. In E. T. Higgins, C. P. Hermann & M. P. Zanna (Eds), Social cognition: The Ontario Symposium (Vol. 1, pp. 39-88). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
15. Higgins, E. T. & Bargh, J. A. (1987). Social cognition and social perception. In M. R. Rosenweig & L. W. Porter (Eds), Annual review of psychology (Vol. 38, pp. 369-425). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews.
16. Hilton, J. L. & Fein, S. (1989). The role of typical diagnosticity in stereotype-based judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 201-211.
17. Jones, E. E., Wood, G. C. & Quattrone, G. A. (1981). Perceived variability of personal characteristics in in-groups and out-groups: The role of knowledge and evaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 523-528.
18. Judd, C. M. & Park, B. (1988). Out-group homogeneity: Judgments of variability at the individual and group levels. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 778-788.
19. Judd, C. M., Ryan, C. S. & Park, B. (1991). Accuracy in the judgment of in-group and out-group variability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 366-379.
20. Krueger, J. & Rothbart, M. (1988). The use of categorical and individuating information in making inferences about personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 187-195.
21. Linville, P. W. (1982). The complexity-extremity effect and age-based stereotyping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 193-211.
22. Linville, P. W., Fischer, G. W. & Salovey, P. (1989). Perceived distributions of characteristics of ingroup and outgroup members: Empirical evidence and a computer stimulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 165-188.
23. Linville, P. W. & Jones, E. E. (1980). Polarized appraisals of out-group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 689-703.
24. Lord, C. G., Ross, L. & Lepper, M. R. (1979). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 2098-2109.
25. Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. B. & Ford, R. L. (1997). On the regulation of recollection: The intentional forgetting of stereotypical memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 709-719.
26. Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. B. & Jetten, J. (1994c). Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 808-817.
27. Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. B. & Wheeler, V. (1996). On resisting the temptation for simplification: Counterintentional effects of stereotype suppression on social memory. Social Cognition, 14, 1-20.
28. Macrae, C. N., Hewstone, M. & Griffiths, R. G. (1993). Processing load and memory for stereotype-based information. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 77-87.
29. Macrae, C. N., Milne, A. B. & Bodenhausen, G. V. (1994a). Stereotypes as energy-saving devices: A peek inside the cognitive toolbox. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 37-47.
30. Macrae, C. N., Shepherd, J. & Milne, A. (1992). The effects of source credibility on the dilution of stereotype-based judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 765-775.
31. Macrae, C. N., Stangor, C. & Milne, A. B. (1994b). Activating social stereotypes: A functional analysis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 370-389.
32. Mayle, P. (1993). Hotel Pastis. London: Hamish Hamilton.
33. Neuberg, S. L. & Fiske, S. T. (1987). Motivational influences on impression formation: Outcome dependency, accuracy-driven attention, and individuating processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 431-444.
34. Nisbett, R. E. & Ross, L. (1980). Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
35. O'Sullivan, C. S. & Durso, F. T. (1984). Effect of schema-incongruent information on memory for stereotypical attributes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 55-70.
36. Park, B. & Hastie, R. (1987). The perception of variability in category development: Instance-versus abstraction-based stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 621-635.
37. Park, B., Judd, C. M. & Ryan, C. S. (1991). Social categorization and the representation of variability information. European Review of Social Psychology, 2, 212-245.
38. Park, B. & Rothbart, M. (1982). Perception of out-group homogeneity and levels of social categorization: Memory for the subordinate attributes of in-group and out-group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 1051-1068.
39. Pendry, L. (1998). When the mind is otherwise engaged: Resource depletion and social stereotyping. European Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 293-299.
40. Pendry, L. F. & Macrae, C. N. (1994). Stereotypes and mental life: The case of the motivated but thwarted tactician. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 303-325.
41. Pendry, L. F. & Macrae, C. N. (1996). What the disinterested perceiver overlooks: Goal-directed social categorization. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 249-256.
42. Quattrone, G. A. & Jones, E. E. (1980). The perception of variability within in-groups and out-groups: Implications for the law of small numbers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 141-152.
43. Rothbart, M. & John, O. (1985). Social categorization and behavioural episodes: A cognitive analysis of the effects of intergroup contact. Journal of Social Issues, 41(3), 81-104.
44. Ruble, D. N. & Stangor, C. (1986). Stalking the elusive schema: Insights from development and social psychology analyses of gender schemas. Social Cognition, 4, 227-261.
45. Simon, B. & Brown, R. (1987). Perceived intragroup homogeneity in minor-majority contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 703-711.
46. Srull, T. K., Lichtenstein, M. & Rothbart, M. (1985). Associative storage and retrieval processes in person memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 11, 316-345.
47. Srull, T. K. & Wyer, R. S. (1989). Person memory and judgments. Psychology Review, 96, 58-83.
48. Stangor, C. & Duan, C. (1991). Effects of multiple task demands upon memory for information about social groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 357-378.
49. Stangor, C. & McMillan, D. (1992). Memory for expectancy-consistent and expectancy-inconsistent social information: A meta-analytic review of the social psychological and social developmental literatures. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 42-61.
50. Stangor, C. & Ruble, D. N. (1989). Strength of expectancies and memory for social information: What we remember depends on how much we know. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 18-35.
51. Weber, R. & Crocker, J. (1983). Cognitive processes in the revision of stereotypic beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 961-977.