Pericarp ontogeny and anatomy in Rhus aromatica Ait. and R. glabra L. (Anacardiaceae)

Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society

Volumn 126, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 279-288

  Li, Xiaojie ^a   Baskin, Jerry M ^a   Baskin, Carol C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

Anacardiaceae; Pericarp anatomy; Pericarp ontogeny; Rhus aromatica; Rhus glabra

Indexed keywords

ANACARDIACEAE; HEDERA; RHUS AROMATICA; RHUS GLABRA;

EID: 0033213526     PISSN: 10955674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2997311     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. ARONSON, J. 1992. Evolutionary biology of Acacia caven (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae): intraspecific variation in fruit and seed characters. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 79: 958-968.
2. BARKLEY, F. A. 1937. A monographic study of Rhus and its immediate allies in North and Central America, including the West Indies. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 24: 263-460.
3. _. 1940. Schmaltzia. The American Midland Naturalist 24: 647-665.
4. _. 1942. A key to the genera of the Anacardiaceae. The American Midland Naturalist 28: 465-474.
5. _. 1957. Generic key to the sumac family (Anacardiaceae). Lloydia 20: 255-265.
6. _. 1965. A criticism of the traditional concept of the genus Rhus. Prospects of Iraq Biology 3: 52-58.
7. BASKIN, C. C., AND J. M. BASKIN. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
8. BOGACINSKI, B., AND B. MOLSKI. 1969. Morphology and anatomy of the sumac fruit - Rhus typhina L., Tourn. Rocznik Dendrologiczny 23: 165-183. (Polish with English summary)
9. BRIZICKY, R. K. 1962. The genera of Anacardiaceae in the southeastern United States. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 43: 359-375.
10. _. 1963. Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the genus Rhus (Anacardiaceae). Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 44: 60-80.
11. COPELAND, H. F. 1955. The reproductive structures of Pistacia chinensis (Anacardiaceae). Phytomorphology 5: 440-449.
12. _, AND B. E. DOYEL. 1940. Some features of the structure of Toxicodendron diversiloba. American Journal of Botany 27: 932-939.
13. CRONQUIST, A. 1981. An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press, New York.
14. DONG, Z., AND P. BAAS. 1993. Wood anatomy of trees and shrubs from China. V. Anacardiaceae. International Association of Wood Anatomists Journal 14: 87-102.
15. GILLIS, W. T. 1971. The systematics and ecology of poison-ivy and the poison-oaks (Toxicodendron, Anacardiaceae). Rhodora 73: 72-159, 161-237, 370-443, 465-540.
16. GRUNDWAG, M. 1976. Embryology and fruit development in four species of Pistacia L. (Anacardiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 73: 355-370.
17. _, AND A. FAHN. 1969. The relation of embryology to low seed set in Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae). Phytomorphology 19: 225-235.
18. HEIMSCH, C., JR. 1940. Wood anatomy and pollen morphology of Rhus and allied genera. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 21: 279-291.
19. IBE, A. R., AND R. A. LEIS. 1979. Pollen morphology of the Anacardiaceae of northeastern North America. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 106: 140-144.
20. KENNARD, W. C. 1955. Development of the fruit, seed, and embryo of the Paheri mango. Botanical Gazette 117: 28-32.
21. KRYN, J. M. 1952. The anatomy of the wood of the Anacardiaceae and its bearing on the phylogeny and relatiohnships of the family. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
22. LI, X. 1999. Comparative seed biology of several North American Rhus species (Anacardiaceae). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
23. _, J. M. BASKIN, AND C. C. BASKIN. In press a. Comparative morphology and physiology of fruit and seed development in two shrubs, Rhus aromatica and R. glabra (Anacardiaceae). American Journal of Botany.
24. _, _, AND _. In press b. Seed morphology and physical dormancy of several North American Rhus species (Anacardiaceae). Seed Science Research.
25. _, _, AND _. In press c. Physiological dormancy and germination requirements of non-dormant seeds of several North American Rhus species (Anacardiaceae). Seed Science Research.
26. LITTLE, E. L., JR. 1977. Atlas of United States trees. Vol. 4. Minor eastern hardwoods. USDA Miscellaneous Publication 1342.
27. MAGEN, K. 1912. Beitrage zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Samenschalen einiger Famillien aus der Engler'schen Reihen der Sapindales. Dissertation Universitat Zurich. Borna-Leipzig. Buchdruckerei Robert Noske.
28. MILLER, A. J. 1998. A phylogenetic analysis of Rhus and its close relatives (Anacardiaceae). M.. S. thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.
29. _, AND J. WEN. 1997. The taxonomic history of the sumac genus (Rhus, Anacardiaceae). American Journal of Botany 84 (supplement to issue number 6): 217 (abstract).
30. _, D. A. YOUNG, AND _. 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of Rhus (Anacardiaceae). American Journal of Botany 85 (supplement to issue number 6): 144 (abstract).
31. MOFFETT, R. O. 1994. Rhus longispina and Rhus pterota, two hitherto confused South African shrubs. South African Journal of Botany 60: 43-49.
32. PIENAAR, M. E., AND I. VON TEICHMAN. 1998. The generic position of Lithraea brasiliensis Marchand (Anacardiaceae): evidence from fruit and seed structure. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 126: 327-337.
33. TERRAZAS-SALGADO, T. S. 1996. Wood anatomy of the Anacardiaceae: ecological and phylogenetic interpretation. Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
34. TOBE, H., M. SUZUKI, AND T. FUKUHARA. 1992. Pericarp anatomy and evolution in Coriaria (Coriariaceae). The Botanical Magazine, Tokyo 105: 289-302.
35. VON TEICHMAN, I. 1987. Development and structure of the pericarp of Lannea discolor (Sonder) Engl. (Anacardiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 95: 125-135.
36. _. 1989. Reinterpretation of the pericarp of Rhus lancea (Anacardiaceae). South African Journal of Botany 55: 383-384.
37. _. 1991. Pericarp structure in Protorhus longifolia (Bernh.) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) and its taxonomic significance. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 32: 121-128.
38. _, AND P. J. ROBBERTSE. 1986. Development and structure of the pericarp and seed of Rhus lancea L. fil. (Anacardiaceae), with taxonomic notes. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 93: 291-306.
39. _, AND A. E. VAN WYK. 1991. Taxonomic position of Rhus problematodes (Anacardiaceae): evidence from fruit and seed structure. South African Journal of Botany 57: 29-33.
40. _, AND _. 1993. Ontogeny and structure of the drupe of Ozoroa paniculosa (Anacardiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 111: 253-263.
41. _, AND _. 1994. The generic position of Protorhus namaquensis Sprague (Anacardiaceae): evidence from fruit structure. Annals of Botany 73: 175-184.
42. _, AND _. 1996. Taxonomic significance of pericarp and seed structure in Heeria argentea (Thunb.) Meisn. (Anacardiaceae), including reference to pachychalazy and recalcitrance. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 122: 335-352.
43. WANNAN, B. S., AND C. J. QUINN. 1990. Pericarp structure and generic affinities in the Anacardiaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 102: 225-252.
44. WILLIS, J. C. 1973. A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns. Revised by H. K. Airy Shaw. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
45. YOUNG, D. A. 1975. Systematics of Rhus subgenus Lobadium section Styphonia. Ph. D. dissertation. Claremont University, Claremont, California.
46. _. 1979. Heartwood flavonoids and the infrageneric relationships of Rhus (Anacardiaceae). American Journal of Botany 66: 502-510.
47. YOUNGKEN, H. W. 1948. Textbook of pharmacognosy. Sixth edition. The Blakiston Company, Philadelphia.
48. NOTE ADDED IN PROOF. After this paper went to press, we discovered the following article: Chung, J.M. and S.S. Kim. 1997. Reconsideration of Rhus (Anacardiaceae) with respect to fruit, seeds and inflorescence. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 86(3): 288-300. (Korean with abstract, tables, and figures in English). As in R. aromatica and R. glabra (present study), the endocarps of all six Rhus species (R. ambigua, R. javanica, R. succedanea, R. sylvestris, R. trichocarpa, and R. verniciflua) studied in detail by Chung and Kim are distinctly four-layered, including the crystalliferous layer.