Quantum gravity as a dissipative deterministic system

Classical and Quantum Gravity

Volumn 16, Issue 10, 1999, Pages 3263-3279

  'T Hooft, Gerard ^a,b  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b Spinoza Institute   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033212310     PISSN: 02649381     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0264-9381/16/10/316     Document Type: Article

References (51)

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7. Witten E 1998 Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 253 (Witten E 1998 Anti de Sitter space and holography Preprint hep-th/9802150) Maldacena J 1998 Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 231 (Maldacena J 1997 The large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity Preprint hep-th/9711020) Banks T, Fischler W, Klebanov I R and Susskind L 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 226 (Banks T, Fischler W, Klebanov I R and Susskind L 1997 Schwarzschild black holes from matrix theory Preprint hep-th/9709091) Skenderis K 1999 Black holes and branes in string theory SPIN-1998/17 Preprint hep-th/9901050
8. Witten E 1998 Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 253 (Witten E 1998 Anti de Sitter space and holography Preprint hep-th/9802150) Maldacena J 1998 Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 231 (Maldacena J 1997 The large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity Preprint hep-th/9711020) Banks T, Fischler W, Klebanov I R and Susskind L 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 226 (Banks T, Fischler W, Klebanov I R and Susskind L 1997 Schwarzschild black holes from matrix theory Preprint hep-th/9709091) Skenderis K 1999 Black holes and branes in string theory SPIN-1998/17 Preprint hep-th/9901050
9. Witten E 1998 Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 253 (Witten E 1998 Anti de Sitter space and holography Preprint hep-th/9802150) Maldacena J 1998 Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 231 (Maldacena J 1997 The large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity Preprint hep-th/9711020) Banks T, Fischler W, Klebanov I R and Susskind L 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 226 (Banks T, Fischler W, Klebanov I R and Susskind L 1997 Schwarzschild black holes from matrix theory Preprint hep-th/9709091) Skenderis K 1999 Black holes and branes in string theory SPIN-1998/17 Preprint hep-th/9901050
10. 't Hooft G 1993 Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity Salamfestschrift: a Collection of Talks (World Scientific Series in 20th Century Physics vol 4) ed A Ali, J Ellis and S Randjbar-Daemi (Singapore: World Scientific) THU-93/26 ('t Hooft G 1993 Preprint gr-qc/9310026) 't Hooft 1995 Black holes and the dimensionality of space-time Proc. Symp. 'The Oskar Klein Centenary' (Stockholm, 1994) ed U Lindström (Singapore: World Scientific) p 122 Susskind L 1995 J. Math. Phys. 36 6377 (Susskind L 1994 Preprint hep-th/9409089)
11. 't Hooft G 1993 Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity Salamfestschrift: a Collection of Talks (World Scientific Series in 20th Century Physics vol 4) ed A Ali, J Ellis and S Randjbar-Daemi (Singapore: World Scientific) THU-93/26 ('t Hooft G 1993 Preprint gr-qc/9310026) 't Hooft 1995 Black holes and the dimensionality of space-time Proc. Symp. 'The Oskar Klein Centenary' (Stockholm, 1994) ed U Lindström (Singapore: World Scientific) p 122 Susskind L 1995 J. Math. Phys. 36 6377 (Susskind L 1994 Preprint hep-th/9409089)
12. 't Hooft G 1993 Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity Salamfestschrift: a Collection of Talks (World Scientific Series in 20th Century Physics vol 4) ed A Ali, J Ellis and S Randjbar-Daemi (Singapore: World Scientific) THU-93/26 ('t Hooft G 1993 Preprint gr-qc/9310026) 't Hooft 1995 Black holes and the dimensionality of space-time Proc. Symp. 'The Oskar Klein Centenary' (Stockholm, 1994) ed U Lindström (Singapore: World Scientific) p 122 Susskind L 1995 J. Math. Phys. 36 6377 (Susskind L 1994 Preprint hep-th/9409089)
13. 't Hooft G 1993 Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity Salamfestschrift: a Collection of Talks (World Scientific Series in 20th Century Physics vol 4) ed A Ali, J Ellis and S Randjbar-Daemi (Singapore: World Scientific) THU-93/26 ('t Hooft G 1993 Preprint gr-qc/9310026) 't Hooft 1995 Black holes and the dimensionality of space-time Proc. Symp. 'The Oskar Klein Centenary' (Stockholm, 1994) ed U Lindström (Singapore: World Scientific) p 122 Susskind L 1995 J. Math. Phys. 36 6377 (Susskind L 1994 Preprint hep-th/9409089)
14. 't Hooft G 1993 Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity Salamfestschrift: a Collection of Talks (World Scientific Series in 20th Century Physics vol 4) ed A Ali, J Ellis and S Randjbar-Daemi (Singapore: World Scientific) THU-93/26 ('t Hooft G 1993 Preprint gr-qc/9310026) 't Hooft 1995 Black holes and the dimensionality of space-time Proc. Symp. 'The Oskar Klein Centenary' (Stockholm, 1994) ed U Lindström (Singapore: World Scientific) p 122 Susskind L 1995 J. Math. Phys. 36 6377 (Susskind L 1994 Preprint hep-th/9409089)
15. Staruszkiewicz A 1963 Acta Phys. Polon. 24 734 Giddings S, Abbott J and Kuchar K 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 751 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1984 Ann. Phys. 152 220 Gott J R and Alpert M 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 243 Gott J R 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 1126 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 267 Carroll S M, Farhi E and Guth A H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 263 't Hooft G 1992 Class. Quantum Grav. 9 1335
16. Staruszkiewicz A 1963 Acta Phys. Polon. 24 734 Giddings S, Abbott J and Kuchar K 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 751 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1984 Ann. Phys. 152 220 Gott J R and Alpert M 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 243 Gott J R 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 1126 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 267 Carroll S M, Farhi E and Guth A H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 263 't Hooft G 1992 Class. Quantum Grav. 9 1335
17. Staruszkiewicz A 1963 Acta Phys. Polon. 24 734 Giddings S, Abbott J and Kuchar K 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 751 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1984 Ann. Phys. 152 220 Gott J R and Alpert M 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 243 Gott J R 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 1126 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 267 Carroll S M, Farhi E and Guth A H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 263 't Hooft G 1992 Class. Quantum Grav. 9 1335
18. Staruszkiewicz A 1963 Acta Phys. Polon. 24 734 Giddings S, Abbott J and Kuchar K 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 751 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1984 Ann. Phys. 152 220 Gott J R and Alpert M 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 243 Gott J R 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 1126 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 267 Carroll S M, Farhi E and Guth A H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 263 't Hooft G 1992 Class. Quantum Grav. 9 1335
19. Staruszkiewicz A 1963 Acta Phys. Polon. 24 734 Giddings S, Abbott J and Kuchar K 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 751 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1984 Ann. Phys. 152 220 Gott J R and Alpert M 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 243 Gott J R 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 1126 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 267 Carroll S M, Farhi E and Guth A H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 263 't Hooft G 1992 Class. Quantum Grav. 9 1335
20. Staruszkiewicz A 1963 Acta Phys. Polon. 24 734 Giddings S, Abbott J and Kuchar K 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 751 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1984 Ann. Phys. 152 220 Gott J R and Alpert M 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 243 Gott J R 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 1126 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 267 Carroll S M, Farhi E and Guth A H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 263 't Hooft G 1992 Class. Quantum Grav. 9 1335
21. Staruszkiewicz A 1963 Acta Phys. Polon. 24 734 Giddings S, Abbott J and Kuchar K 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 751 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1984 Ann. Phys. 152 220 Gott J R and Alpert M 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 243 Gott J R 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 1126 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 267 Carroll S M, Farhi E and Guth A H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 263 't Hooft G 1992 Class. Quantum Grav. 9 1335
22. Staruszkiewicz A 1963 Acta Phys. Polon. 24 734 Giddings S, Abbott J and Kuchar K 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 751 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1984 Ann. Phys. 152 220 Gott J R and Alpert M 1984 Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 243 Gott J R 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 1126 Deser S, Jackiw R and 't Hooft G 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 267 Carroll S M, Farhi E and Guth A H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 263 't Hooft G 1992 Class. Quantum Grav. 9 1335
23. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
24. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
25. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
26. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
27. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
28. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 (Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
29. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
30. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
31. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
32. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
33. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
34. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
35. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
36. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
37. Achucarro A and Townsend P K 1986 Phys. Lett. B 180 89 Witten E 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 311 46 Carlip S 1989 Nucl. Phys. B 324 106 Carlip S 1990 Physics, Geometry and Topology (NATO ASI Series B, Physics vol 238) ed H C Lee (New York: Plenum) p 541 Nelson J E and Regge T 1994 Phys. Rev. D 50 5125 Nelson J E and Regge T 1993 Quantisation of 2+1 gravity for genus 2 Preprint gr-qc/9311029) 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 1023 't Hooft G 1993 Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S79 't Hooft G 1993 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 30 200 Carlip S 1993 Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity Davis preprint UCD-93-15 gr-qc/9305020 Grignani G 1992-93 2+1-dimensional gravity as a gauge theory of the Poincaré group Thesis Scuola Normale Superiore, Perugia 't Hooft G 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 117 685 't Hooft G 1990 Nucl. Phys. B 342 471 't Hooft G 1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 1023 Deser S and Jackiw R 1988 Commun. Math. Phys. 118 495
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