Atrial fibrillation and anabolic steroids

Journal of Emergency Medicine

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 851-857

  Sullivan, Mack L ^a   Martinez, Charles M ^a   Gallagher, E John ^b  

^a JACOBI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b MONTEFIORE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Anabolic steroids; Atrial fibrillation; Dysrhythmia

Indexed keywords

ANABOLIC AGENT;

ADULT; ANAEROBIC CAPACITY; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; BODY BUILDING; CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE; CASE REPORT; DRUG EFFECT; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HUMAN; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUDDEN DEATH; TRAINING;

ADULT; ANABOLIC AGENTS; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; HUMANS; MALE; SPORTS; STANOZOLOL; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; TESTOSTERONE;

EID: 0033199425     PISSN: 07364679     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0736-4679(99)00095-5     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Murphy P. Steroids not just for athletes anymore. Phys Sports Med. 14:1986;48-52.
2. Dezelsky T.L., Toohey J.V., Shaw R.S. Non-medical drug use behavior at five United States universities a 15-year study . Bull Narc. 37:1985;49-53.
3. Perry P.J., Andersen K.H., Yates W.R. Illicit anabolic steroid use in athletes, a case series analysis. Am J Sports Med. 18:1990;422-426.
4. Landry G.L., Primos W.A. Anabolic steroid abuse. Adv Pediatr. 37:1990;185-205.
5. Duchaine D. Underground steroid handbook II. 1989;HLR Technical Books, Venice, CA.
6. Perry H.M., Littlepage B.N.C. Misusing anabolic drugs, take a drug history from well-muscled patients. BMJ. 305:1992;1241-1242.
7. Drug abuse in athletes anabolic steroids and human growth hormone . JAMA. 259:1988;1703-1705.
8. Strauss R.H., Yesalis C.E. Anabolic steroids in the athlete. Annu Rev Med. 42:1991;449-457.
9. Medical and nonmedical uses of anabolic-androgenic steroids. JAMA. 264:1990;2923-2927.
10. Rockhold R.W. Cardiovascular toxicity of anabolic steroids. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 33:1993;497-520.
11. Fisher M., Appleby M., Rittoo D., Cotter L. Myocardial infarction with extensive intracoronary thrombus induced by anabolic steroids. Br J Clin Pract. 50:1996;222-223.
12. Huie M.J. An acute myocardial infarction occurring in an anabolic steroid user. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 26:1994;408-413.
13. Kennedy M.C., Lawrence C. Anabolic steroid abuse and cardiac death. Med J Aust. 158:1993;346-348.
14. Ferenchick G.S., Adelman S. Myocardial infarction associated with anabolic steroid use in a previously healthy 37-year-old weight lifter. Am Heart J. 124:1992;507-508.
15. McNutt R.A., Ferenchick G.S., Kirlin P.C., Hamlin N.J. Acute myocardial infarction in a 22-year-old world class weight lifter using anabolic steroids. Am J Cardiol. 62:1988;164.
16. Appleby M., Fisher M., Martin M. Myocardial infarction, hyperkalemia and ventricular tachycardia in a young male body-builder. Int J Cardiol. 44:1994;171-174.
17. Tanner H.A. Bioenergetics in the pathogenesis, progression and treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Med Hypotheses. 44:1995;347-358.
18. Salke R.C., Rowland T.W., Burke E.J. Left ventricular size and function in body builders using anabolic steroids. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 17:1985;701-704.
19. Luke L.J., Farb A., Virmani R., Sample R.H.B. Sudden cardiac death during exercise in a weight lifter using anabolic androgenic steroids pathologic and toxicological findings . J Forensic Sci. 35:1990;1441-1447.
20. Wilson J.D. Androgens. Goodman L.S., Gillman A., Rall T.W., Nies A.S., Taylor P. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 8th edn. 1990;1413-1430 Pergamon Press, New York.
21. Bialy D., Lehmann M.H., Schumacher D.N., Steinman R.T., Meissner M.D. Hospitalizations for arrhythmias in the United States importance of atrial fibrillation . J Am Coll Cardiol. 19:1992;41.
22. Kannel W.B., Abbott R.D., Savage D.D., McNamara P.M. Epidemiologic features of atrial fibrillation the Framingham study . N Engl J Med. 306:1982;1018-1022.
23. Janse M.J. Why does atrial fibrillation occur? Eur Heart J. 18:1997;C12-C18.
24. Kopecky S.L., Gersh B.J., McGoon M.D., et al. The natural history of lone atrial fibrillation a population-based study over three decades . N Engl J Med. 317:1987;669-674.
25. Murgatroyd F.D., Curzen N.P., Aldergather J., Ward D.E., Camm A.J. Clinical features and drug therapy in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; results from the CRAFT multi-center registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 21:1993;380.
26. Benditt D.G., Benson W.D., Dunnigan A., Gornick C.C., Anderson R.W. Atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and other primary atrial tachycardias. Med Clin N Am. 68:1984;895-918.
27. Maron B.J., Roberts W.C., McAllister H.A., Rosing D.R., Epstein S.E. Sudden death in young athletes. Circulation. 62:1980;218-229.
28. Pelliccia A., Maron B.J., Spataro A., Proschan M.A., Spirito P. The upper limit of physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in highly trained elite athletes. N Engl J Med. 324:1991;295-301.
29. Nussel E., Kohler C.O. Definition and determination of heart infarct. Methods Inf Med Suppl. 7:1973;103-111.
30. Gallagher J.J., Pritchett E.L.C., Sealy W.C., Kasell J., Wallace A.G. The pre-excitation syndromes. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 20:1978;285-327.
31. Kaplan B.M., Langendorff R., Lev M., Pick A. Tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome (so-called "sick sinus syndrome") pathology, mechanisms, and treatment . Am J Cardiol. 31:1973;497-508.
32. Forfar J.C., Miller H.C., Toft A.D. Occult thyrotoxicosis a correctable cause of "idiopathic" atrial fibrillation . Am J Cardiol. 44:1979;9-12.
33. Malarkey W.B., Strauss R.H., Leizman D.J., Liggett M., Demers L.M. Endocrine effects in female weight lifters who self-administer testosterone and anabolic steroids. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 165:1991;1385-1390.
34. Alen M., Rahkila P., Reinila M., Vihko R. Androgenic-anabolic steroid effects on serum thyroid, pituitary and steroid hormones in athletes. Am J Sports Med. 15:1987;357-361.
35. Small M., Beastall G.H., Semple C.G., Cowan R.A., Forbes C.D. Alteration of hormone levels in normal males given the anabolic steroid stanozolol. Clin Endocrinol. 21:1984;49-55.
36. Deyssig R., Weissel M. Ingestion of androgenic-anabolic steroids induces mild thyroidal impairment in male body builders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 76:1993;1069-1071.
37. Dickerman R.D., McConathy W.J., Schaller F., Zachariah N.Y. Cardiovascular complications and anabolic steroids. Eur Heart J. 17:1996;1912.
38. Gaede J.T., Montine T.J. Massive pulmonary embolus and anabolic steroid abuse. JAMA. 267:1992;2328-2329.
39. Ferrera P.C., Putnam D.L., Verdile V.P. Anabolic steroid use as the possible precipitant of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiology. 88:1997;218-220.
40. Melchert R.B., Welder A.A. Cardiovascular effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 27:1995;1252-1262.
41. Dickerman R.D., Schaller F., Prather I., McConathy W.J. Sudden cardiac death in a 20-year-old bodybuilder using anabolic steroids. Cardiology. 86:1995;172-173.
42. Kennedy M.C., Corrigan A.B., Pilbeam S.T.H.H. Myocardial infarction and cerebral haemorrhage in a young bodybuilder taking anabolic steroids. Aust NZ J Med. 23:1993;713.
43. Sachtleben T.R., Berg K.E., Elias B.A., Cheatham J.P., Felix G.L., Hofschire P.J. The effects of anabolic steroids on myocardial structure and cardiovascular fitness. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 25:1993;1240-1245.
44. McKillop G., Todd I.C., Ballantyne D. Increased left ventricular mass in a bodybuilder using anabolic steroids. Br J Sports Med. 20:1986;151-152.
45. Mochizuki R.M., Richter K.J. Cardiomyopathy and cerebrovascular accident associated with anabolic-androgenic steroid use. Physician Sports Med. 16:1988;109-114.
46. Thompson P.D. Athletes, athletics, and sudden cardiac death. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 24:1992;270-280.
47. Urhausen A., Hoples R., Kindermann W. One- and two-dimensional echocardiography in bodybuilders using anabolic steroids. Eur J Appl Physiol. 58:1989;633-640.
48. De Picolli B.F., Giada F., Benettin A., Sartori F., Piccolo E. Anabolic steroid use in body builders an echographic study of left ventricular morphology and function . Int J Sports Med. 12:1991;408-412.
49. Fleck S.J., Pattany P.M., Stone M.H., Kraemer W.J., Thrush J., Wong K. Magnetic resonance imaging determination of left ventricular mass junior olympic weightlifters . Med Sci Sports Exerc. 25:1993;522-527.
50. Krieg M., Szalay R., Voigt K.D. Binding and metabolism of testosterone and 5a-dihydrotestosterone in bulbocavernosus/levator ani and in skeletal muscle. J Steroid Biochem. 5:1974;453.
51. Melchert R.B., Herron T.J., Welder A.A. Testosterone-induced ultrastructural changes in primary neonatal rat myocardial cell cultures. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. 28:1992;136A.
52. Haupt H.A., Rovere G.D. >Anabolic steroids a review of the literature . Am J Sports Med. 12:1984;469-484.
53. Frankle M.A., Cicero G.J., Payne J. Use of androgenic steroids by athletes. JAMA. 252:1984;482.
54. Burkett L.N., Falduto M.T. Steroid use by athletes in a metropolitan area. Phys Sportsmed. 12:1984;69-74.
55. Wilson J.D. Androgen abuse by athletes. Endocr Rev. 9:1988;181-199.
56. The Swiss Pharmaceutical Society, ed. Index Nominum, International Drug Directory. Stockholm, Sweden: Medpharm Scientific Publishers; 1990-91:283 & 459.