Mesoscale modelling of vertical atmospheric transport in the Alps associated with the advection of a tropopause fold - a winter ozone episode

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 33, Issue 22, 1999, Pages 3613-3626

  Schuepbach, Evi ^a,c   Davies, Trevor D ^a   Massacand, Alexia C ^b   Wernli, Heini ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^b ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Alps; Mesoscale modelling; Nordfoehn; Tropopause fold; Vertical atmospheric transport (VAT); Winter ozone

Indexed keywords

OROGRAPHY; TROPOPAUSE FOLD; VERTICAL ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT;

COMPUTER SIMULATION; GRAVITY WAVES; MASS TRANSFER; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; TROPOSPHERE; WIND EFFECTS;

OZONE;

OZONE;

ADVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; GRAVITY WAVE; OROGRAPHY; OZONE; TROPOPAUSE;

AEROSOL; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; CLIMATE; MODEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TROPOSPHERE; WINTER;

EUROPE; SWITZERLAND;

EID: 0033197938     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00103-X     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Anfossi, D., Sandroni, S., Viarengo, S., 1991. Tropospheric ozone in the nineteenth century: the Moncalieri series. Journal of Geophysical Research 96 (D9), 17 349-17 352.
2. Appenzeller, C., Holton, J.R., Rosenlof, K.H., 1996. Seasonal variation of mass transport across the troposphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 101 (D10), 15071-15078.
3. Austin, J.F., Midgley, M.J., 1994. The climatology of the jet stream and stratospheric intrusions over Japan. Atmospheric Environment 28 (1), 39-52.
4. Bamber, D.J., Healey, P.G.W., Jones, B.M.R., Penkett, S.A., Tuck, A.F., Vaughan, G., 1984. Vertical profiles of tropospheric gases: chemical consequences of stratospheric intrusions. Atmospheric Environment 18, 1759-1766.
5. Beekmann, M., Ancellet, G., Mégie, G., 1994. Climatology of tropospheric ozone in southern Europe and its relation to potential vorticity. Journal of Geophysical Research 99 (D6), 12841-12853.
6. Boffa, G., Sartori, C., Leyendecker, W., Sandroni, S., 1988. Ozonschwankungen im Gebiet der Voralpenseen. Proceedings of the International Symposium 'Verteilung und Wirkung von Photooxidantien im Alpenraum', 11.-15. April 1988. D-Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GSF-Bericht Vol. 17/88, pp. 227-241.
7. Browell, E.V., Danielsen, E.F., Ismail, S., Gregory, G.L., Beck, S.M., 1987. Tropopause fold structure determined from airborne lidar and in situ measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research 92 (D2), 2112-2120.
8. Buzzi, A., Giovanelli, G., Nanni, T., Tagliazucca, T., 1985. Case study of stratospheric ozone descent to the lower troposphere during ALPEX. Beitraege zur Physik der Atmosphere 58, 399-406.
9. Cox, B.D., Bithell, M., Gray, L.J., 1997. Modelling of stratospheric intrusions within a mid-latitude synoptic-scale disturbance. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 123, 1377-1403.
10. Cress, A., Davies, H.C., Frei, C., Luethi, D., Schär, Ch., 1994. Regional climate simulations in the Alpine Region, Atmospheric Physics ETH Zürich, 33 p.
11. Danielsen, E.F., 1968. Stratospheric-tropospheric exchange based on radioactivity, ozone and potential vorticity. Journal of Atmospheric Science 25, 502-518.
12. Danielsen, E.F., 1980. Stratospheric source for unexpectedly large values of ozone measured over the Pacific Ocean during gametag, August 1977. Journal of Geophysical Research 85 (C1), 401-412.
13. Davies, T.D., Kelly, P.M., Low, P.S., Pierce, C.E., 1992. Surface ozone concentrations in Europe: links with the regionalscale atmospheric circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research 97 (D9), 9819-9832.
14. Davies, T.D., Schuepbach, E., 1994. Episodes of high ozone concentrations at the earth's surface resulting from transport down from the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere: a review and case studies. Atmospheric Environment 28 (1), 53-68.
15. Ebel, A., Hess, H., Jakobs, H.J., Laube, M., Memmesheimer, M., Oberreuter, A., 1991. Simulation of ozone intrusion caused by a tropopause fold and cut-off low. Atmospheric Environment 25A, 2131-2144.
16. Elbern, H., Kowol, J., Sládkovic, R., Ebel, A., 1997. Deep stratospheric intrusions: a statistical assessment with model guided analyses. Atmospheric Environment 31 (19), 3207-3226.
17. Ertel, H., 1942. Ein neuer hydrodynamischer Wirbelsatz Meteorologische Zeitschrift 59, 277-281.
18. EMB (European Meteorological Bulletin), 1988. Amtsblatt des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, D-6050 Offenbach a. Main.
19. Gray, L.J., Bithell, M., Cox, B.D., 1994. The role of specific humidity fields in the diagnosis of stratosphere troposphere exchange. Geophysical Research Letters 21 (19), 2103-2106.
20. Hoerling, M.P., Schaack, T.K., Lenzen, A.J., 1993. A global analysis of Stratospheric-tropospheric exchange during northern winter. Monthly Weather Review 121, 162-172.
21. Holton, J.R., Haynes, P.H., McIntyre, M.E., Douglass, A.R., Rood, R.B., Pfister, L., 1996. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Reviews of Geophysics 33, 403-439.
22. Hoskins, B.J., McIntyre, M.E., Robertson, A.W., 1985. On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps. Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society 111, 877-946.
23. Johnson, W.B., Viezee, W., 1981. Stratospheric ozone in the lower troposphere I. Presentation and interpretation of aircraft measurements. Atmospheric Environment 15 (7), 1309-1323.
24. Lamarque, J.-F., Langford, A.O., Proffitt, M.H., 1996. Cross-tropopause mixing of ozone through gravity wave breaking: Observation and modelling. Journal of Geophysical Research 101 (D17), 22969-22976.
25. Liu, S.C., Trainer, M., Fehsenfeld, F.C., Parrish, D.D., Williams, E.J., Fahey, D.W., Hübler, G., Murphy, P.C., 1987. Ozone production in the rural troposphere and the implications for regional and global ozone distributions. Journal of Geophysical Research 92 (D4), 4191-4207.
26. Low, P.S., Kelly, P.M., Davies, T.D., 1992. Variations in surface ozone trends over Europe. Geophysical Research Letters 19 (11), 11 117-11 120.
27. Majewski, D., 1991. The Europa Modell of the Deutscher Wetterdienst. ECMWF Seminar on 'Numerical Methods in Atmospheric Models', Reading, United Kingdom, September 1991, vol. 2, pp. 147-191.
28. Marenco, A., Gouget, H., Nédélec, P., Pagés, J.-P., Karcher, F., 1994. Evidence of a long-term increase in tropospheric ozone from Pic du Midi data series: Consequences: Positive radiative forcing. Journal of Geophysical Research 99 (D8), 16617-16632.
29. Oltmans, S.J., Levy II, A., 1994. Surface ozone measurements from a global network. Atmospheric Environment 28 (1), 9-24.
30. Penkett, S.A., Blake, N.J., Lightman, P., Marsh, A.R.W., Anwyl, P., 1993. The seasonal variation of non-methane hydrocarbons in the free troposphere over the North Atlantic ocean: possible evidence for extensive reaction of hydrocarbons with the nitrate radical. Journal of Geophysical Research 98 (D2), 2865-2885.
31. Reed, R.J., 1955. A study of a characteristic type of upper-level frontogenesis. Journal of Meteorology 12, 226-237.
32. Reed, R.J., Danielsen, E.F., 1959. Fronts in the vicinity of the tropopause. Archiv fuer Meteorologie, Geophysik Bioklimatologie A11, 1-17.
33. 3 levels. Tellus 49B, 38-55.
34. Sandroni, S., Bacci, P., Boffa, G., Pellegrini, U., Ventura, A., 1994. Tropospheric ozone in the pre-alpine and alpine regions. The Science of the Total Environment 165, 169-182.
35. Schubiger, F., de Morsier, G., 1992. Erstellung von Anfangs-und Randfeldern für das hochauflösende Regionalmodell (HRM) und dazugehörige Experimente. Arb.-berichte der Schweizerischen Meteorologischen Anstalt, No. 169. 34 p.
36. Schuepbach, E., 1994. Vertical atmospheric transport and surface ozone. Ph.D. Thesis, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K., 255 p.
37. Schuepbach, E., Massacand, A.C., Wernli, H., Davies, T.D., Davies, H.C., 1996. A numerical simulation of a stratospheric intrusion and an associated nordfoehn in the European Alps, and validation with observations. Preprints Seventh Conference on Mesoscale Processes (American Meteorological Society), September 9-13, 1996, Reading, United Kingdom, pp. 277-279.
38. Schuepbach, E., Davies, T.D., Massacand, A.C., 1999a. An unusual springtime ozone episode at high elevation in the Swiss Alps: Contributions both from cross-tropopause exchange and from the boundary layer. Atmospheric Environment 33(11), 1735-1744.
39. Schuepbach, E., Zanis, P., Penkett, S.A., Monks, P.S., Buchmann, B., 1999b. The long-term (1986-1996) ozone record at the Alpine Site at Jungfraujoch in Switzerland: homogeinity analysis, trend studies and in situ In: photochemistry Borrell, P.M., Borrell, P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the EUROTRAC Symposium '98. WITpress, Southampton, in press.
40. Shapiro, M.A., 1974. A multiple structured frontal zone-jet stream system as revealed by meteorologically instrumented aircraft. Monthly Weather Review 102, 244-253.
41. Shapiro, M.A., 1976. The role of turbulent heat flux in the generation of potential vorticity in the vicinity of upper-level jet stream systems. Monthly Weather Review 104, 892-906.
42. Shapiro, M.A., 1978. Further evidence of the mesoscale and turbulent structure of upper level jet stream - frontal zone systems. Monthly Weather Review 106, 1100-1111.
43. Shapiro, M.A., 1980. Turbulent mixing within tropopause folds as a mechanism for the exchange of chemical constituents between the stratosphere and troposphere. Journal of Atmospheric Science 37, 994-1004.
44. SMA, 1996. Annalen der Schweizerischen Meteorologischen Anstalt, 140 p.
45. Staley, D.O., 1962. On the mechanism of mass and radioactivity transport from stratosphere to troposphere. Journal of Atmospheric Science 19, 450-467.
46. Telegadas, K., List, R.J., 1964. Global history of the 1958 nuclear debris and its meteorological implications. Journal of Geophysical Research 69 (22), 4741-4753.
47. Vaughan, G., Price, J.D., 1991. On the relation between total ozone and meteorology. Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society 117, 1281-1298.
48. Vaughan, G., Price, J.D., Howells, A., 1994. Transport into the troposphere in a tropopause fold. Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society 120, 1085-1103.
49. WMO, 1985. Atmospheric ozone 1985. Assessment of our understanding of the processes controlling its present distribution and change. WMO Report No. 16, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.