Medical technology assessment EEG and evoked potentials in the intensive care unit

Neurophysiologie Clinique

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 301-317

  Guerit J M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Brain anoxia; Brain death; Coma; Electroencephalogram; Evoked potentials; Head trauma; Intensive care medicine; Neuromonitoring

Indexed keywords

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EVOKED RESPONSE; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTATION; INTENSIVE CARE; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; METHODOLOGY; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EVOKED POTENTIALS; HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY;

EID: 0033192275     PISSN: 09877053     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0987-7053(99)90044-8     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. American Electroencephalographic Society Guidelines in Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials and Polysomnography. Guideline three: minimum technical standards for EEG recording in suspected cerebral death. J Clin Neurophysiol 1994 ; 11 : 10-3.
2. Austin EJ, Wilkus RJ, Eongstreth Jr WT. Etiology and prognosis of alpha coma. Neurology 1988 ; 38 : 773-7.
3. Bassetti C, Bomio F, Mathis J, Hess CW. Early prognosis in coma after cardiac arrest: a prospective clinical, electrophysiological, and biochemical study of 60 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996 ; 61 : 610-5.
4. Bassetti C, Mathis J, Hess CW. Multimodal electrophysiological studies including motor evoked potentials in patients with locked-in syndrome: report of six patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994 ; 57 : 1403-6.
5. Beca J, Cox PN, Taylor MJ, Bohn D, Butt W, Logan WJ, et al. Somatosensory evoked potentials for prediction of outcome in acute severe brain injury. J Pediatr 1995 ; 126 : 44-9.
6. Binnie CD, Prior PF, Lloyd DSL, Scott DF, Margerison JH. Electroencephalographic prediction of fatal anoxic brain damage after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Br Med J 1970 ; 4 : 265-8.
7. Bosch-Blancafort J, Olesti-Marco M, PochPuig JM, Rubio-Garcia E, Nogues-Bara P, Iglesias-Berenguer J. Predictive value of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in children with post-traumatic coma produced by diffuse brain injury. Child Nerv Syst 1995 ; 11 : 400-5.
8. Brierley JB, Graham DI. Hypoxia and vascular disorders of the central nervous system. In: Hume Adams J, Corsellis JAN, Duchen LW, eds. Greenfield's Neuropathology. Fourth Edition. London: Edward Arnold; 1984. p. 125-207.
9. Brunko E, Zegers DE, Beyl D. Prognostic value of early cortical somatosensory evoked responses after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997 ; 66 : 15-24.
10. Bureau de la Société de neurophysiologie clinique de langue française Recommandations quant aux conditions de réalisation d'un enregistrement électroencéphalographique exigibles pour le constat d'une mort cérébrale. Neurophysiol Clin 1989 ; 19 : 339-41.
11. Cant BR, Hume AL, Judson JA, Shaw NA. The assessment of severe head injury by shortlatency somatosensory and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1986 ; 65 : 188-95.
12. Chatrian GE, Bergamasco B, Bricolo A, Frost Jr JD, Prior P. IFCN recommended standards for electrophysiologic monitoring in comatose and other unresponsive states. Report of an IFCN committee. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1996 ; 99 : 103-22.
13. Chen R, Bolton CF, Young B. Prediction of outcome in patients with anoxic coma: a clinical and electrophysiologic study. Crit Care Med 1996 ; 24 : 672-8.
14. Chokroverty S. « Alpha-like »rhythms in electroencephalograms in coma after cardiac arrest. Neurology 1975 ; 25 : 665-73.
15. Coselli JS, Crawford ES, Beall AC Jr, Mizrahi EM, Hess KR, Patel VM. Determination of brain temperatures for safe circulatory arrest during cardiovascular operation. Ann Thorac Surg 1988 ; 45 : 638-42.
16. Facco E, Caputo P, Fiore D, Giron GP. Sensorimotor and auditory central conduction time in the locked-in syndrome. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1989 ; 73 : 552-6.
17. Facco E, Martini A, Zucarello M, Agnoletto M, Giron GP. Is the auditory brain-stem response (ABR) effective in the assessment of posttraumatic coma? Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1985 ; 62 : 332-7.
18. Facco E, Munari M, Baratto F, Behr AU, Giron GP. Multimodality evoked potentials (auditory, somatosensory and motor) in coma. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993 ; 23 : 237-58.
19. Ferbert A, Buchner H, Bruckmann H, Zeumer H, Hacke W, Evoked potentials in basilar artery thrombosis: correlation with clinical and angiographic findings. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988 ; 69 : 136-47.
20. Firsching R. Multimodal evoked potentials after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Neurol Res 1994; 16 : 18-9.
21. Fischer C, Bognar L, Turjman F, Villanyi E, Lapras C. Auditory early- and middle-latency evoked potentials in patients with quadrigeminal plate tumors. Neurosurgery 1994 ; 35 : 45-51.
22. Garcia-Larrea L, Artru F, Bertrand O, Pernier J, Mauguière F. Transient drug-induced aboliton of BAEPs in coma. Neurology 1988 ; 38 : 1487-9.
23. Goldie WD, Chiappa KH, Young RR, Brooks EB. Brainstem auditory and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in brain death. Neurology 1981 ; 31 : 248-56.
24. Greenberg RP, Becker DP, Miller JD, Mayer DJ. Evaluation of brain function in severe human head trauma with multimodality evoked potentials. Part 2. Localization of brain dysfunction and correlation with posttraumatic neurological conditions. J Neurosurg 1977 ; 47 : 163-77.
25. Greenberg RP, Newlon PJ, Hyatt MS, Narayan RK, Becker DP. Prognostic implication of early multimodality evoked potentials in severely head-injured patients. A prospective study. J Neurosurg 1981 ; 55 : 227-36.
26. Guérit JM. Evoked potentials: a safe brain death confirmatory tool? Eur J Med 1992 ; 1 : 233-43.
27. Guérit JM. The interest of multimodality evoked potentials in the evaluation of chronic coma. Acta Neurol Belg 1994 ; 94 : 174-82.
28. e édition. Paris : Masson ; 1998.
29. Guérit JM. Neuromonitoring in the Operating Room: How, when, and why to monitor? Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998 ; 106 : 1-21.
30. Guérit JM, DeTourtchaninoff M, Soveges L, Mahieu P. The prognostic value of threemodality evoked potentials (TMEPs) in anoxic and traumatic comas. Neurophysiol Clin 1993 ; 23 : 209-26.
31. Guérit JM, Soveges L, Baele P, Dion R. Median nerve, somatosensory evoked potentials in profound hypothermia for ascending aorta repair. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1990 ; 77 : 163-73.
32. bis Guérit JM, Verougstraete D, DeTourtchaninoff M, Debatisse D, Witdoecht C. ERPs obtained with the auditory oddball paradigm in coma and altered states of consciousness: clinical relationships, prognostic value, and origin of components. Clin Neurophysiol 1999 ; 110 : 1260-9.
33. Gutling E, Gonser A, Imhof HG, Landis T. EEG reactivity in the prognosis of severe head injury. Neurology 1995 ; 45 : 915-8.
34. Houlden DA, Li C, Schwartz ML, Katic M. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials and the Glasgow Coma scale as predictors of outcome in comatose patients with head injuries. Neurosurgery 1990 ; 27 : 701-7.
35. Hume Adams J. Head injury. In: Hume Adams J, Corsellis JAN, Duchen LW, eds. Greenfield's Neuropathology. Fourth edition. London: Edward Arnold; 1984. p. 85-124.
36. International federation of Societies for electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. Recommendations for the practice of clinical neurophysiology. Appendix 1: standards of clinical practice of EEG in suspected «cerebral death». Amsterdam: Elsevier;1983. p. 66-8.
37. Jordan KG. Neurophysiologic monitoring in the neuroscience intensive care unit. Neurol Clin N Am 1995 ; 13 : 579-626.
38. Judson JA, Cant BR, Shaw NA. Early prediction of outcome from cerebral trauma by somatosensory evoked potentials. Crit Care Med 1990 ; 18 : 363-8.
39. Kane NM, Curry SH, Rowlands CA, Manara AR, Lewis T, Moss T, et al. Event-related potentials as neurophysiological tools for predicting emergence and early outcome from traumatic coma. Intens Care Med 1996 ; 22 : 39-46.
40. Karnaze DS, Weiner JM, Marshall LF. Auditory evoked potentials in coma after closed head injury: a clinical-neurophysiological coma scale for predicting outcome. Neurology 1985 ; 35 : 1122-6.
41. Kullmann F, Hollerbach S, Holstege A, Scholmerich J. Subclinical hepatic encephalopathy: the diagnostic value of evoked potentials. J Hepatol 1995 ; 22 : 101-10.
42. Landi A, Fornezza U, DeLuca G, Marchi M, Colombo F. Brain stem and motor evoked responses in «locked-in» syndrome. J Neurosurg Sci 1994 ; 38 : 123-7.
43. Lindsay K, Pasaoglu A, Hirst D, Allardyce G, Kennedy I, Teasdale G. Somatosensory and auditory brain stem conduction after head injury: a comparison with clinical features in prediction of outcome. Neurosurgery 1990 ; 26 : 278-85.
44. Machado C. Multimodality evoked potentials and electroretinography in a test battery for an early diagnosis of brain death. J Neurosurg Sci 1993 ; 37 : 125-31.
45. Madl C, Grimm G, Kramer L, Yeganehfar W, Sterz F, Schneider B, et al. Early prediction of individual outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Lancet 1993; 341 : 855-8.
46. Madl C, Kramer L, Yeganehfar W, Eisenhuber E, Kranz A, Ratheiser K, et al. Detection of non-traumatic comatose patients with no benefit on intensive care treatment by recording of sensory evoked potentials. Arch Neurol 1996 ; 53 : 512-6.
47. Markand ON, Werren CH, Moorthy SS, Stoelting RK. Monitoring of multimodality evoked potentials during open heart surgery under hypothermia. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1984 ; 59 : 432-40.
48. Mauguière F, Desmedt JE, Courjon J. Astereognosis and dissociated loss of frontal and parietal components of SEPs in hemispheric lesions. Brain 1983 ; 106 : 271-311.
49. Michel C, Denison S, Minne C, Guérit JM. Prédiction au moyen des potentiels évoqués endogènes et exogènes de l'évolution favorable d'un coma prolongé. Neurophysiol Clin 1998 ; 28 : 343-59.
50. Misra UK, Kalita J, Srivastava M, Mandai SK. A study of prognostic predictors of supratentorial haematomas. J Neurol 1996 ; 243 : 96-100.
51. Mutschler V. et al., Étude du P300 auditif chez des sujets en coma post-anoxique. Données préliminaires. Neurophysiol Clin 1996 ; 26 : 158-63.
52. Nagao S, Roccaforte P, Moody RA. Acute intracranial hypertension and auditory brainstem responses. II. The effects of brain-stem movement on the auditory brain-stem responses due to transtentorial herniation. J Neurosurg 1979 ; 51 : 846-51.
53. Newlon PG, Greenberg RP, Hyatt MS, Enas GG, Decker DP. The dynamics of neuronal dysfunction and recovery following severe head injury assessed with serial multimodality evoked potentials. J Neurosurg 1982 ; 57 : 168-77.
54. Niedermeyer E, Lopes DA, Silva F, Electroen-cephalography. Basic principles, clinical applications and related fields. 3d edition, eds. Baltimore: Urban & Schwarzenberg; 1996.
55. Nuwer MR. Electroencephalograms and evoked potentials: Monitoring cerebral function in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. Neurosurg Clin N Amer 1994 ; 5 : 647-57.
56. Onofrj M, Melchionda D, Thomas A, Fulgente T. Reappearance of event-related P3 potential in locked-in syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996 ; 4 : 95-7.
57. Onofrj M, Thomas A, Paci C, Scesi M, Tombari R. Event related potentials recorded in patients with locked-in syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997 ; 63 : 759-64.
58. Ottaviani F, Almadori G, Calderazzo AB, Frcnguelli A, Paludetti G. Auditory brain-stem (ABRs) and middle latency auditory responses (MLRs) in the prognosis of severely headinjured patients. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1986 ; 65 : 196-202.
59. Pfurtscheller G, Schwarz G, Schroettner O, Litscher O, Maresch H, Auer L, et al. Continuous and simultaneous monitoring of EEG spectra and brain-stem auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials in the intensive care unit and the operating room. J Clin Neurophysiol 1987 ; 4 : 389-96.
60. Pohlman-Eden B, Dingelthal K, Bender HJ, Koelfen W. How reliable is the predictive value of SEP (somatosensory evoked potentials) patterns in severe brain damage with special regard to the bilateral loss of cortical responses? Intens Care Med 1997 ; 23 : 301-8.
61. Rae-Grant AD, Barbour PJ, Reed J. Development of a novel EEG rating scale for head injury using dichotomous variables. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1991 ; 79 : 349-57.
62. Rosenberg C, Wogensen K, Starr A. Auditory brain-stem and middle- and long-latency evoked potentials in coma. Arch Neurol 1984 ; 41 : 835-8.
63. Rothstein TL, Thomas EM, Sumi SM. Predicting outcome in hypoxic-ischetnic coma. A prospective clinical and electrophysiologic study. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991 ; 79 : 101-7.
64. Rumpl E, Lorenzi E, Hackl JM, Gerstenbrand F, Hengl W. The EEG at different stages of acute secondary traumatic midbrain and bulbar syndromes. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1979 ; 46 : 487-97.
65. Rumpl E, Prugger M, Gerstenbrand F, Hackl JM, Pallua A. Central somatosensory conduction time and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in post-traumatic coma. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1983 ; 56 : 583-96.
66. Sandroni C, Barelli A, Piazza O, Projetti R, Mastria D, Boninsegna R. What is the best test to predict outcome after prolonged cardiac arrest? Eur J Emerg Med 1995 ; 2 : 3-37.
67. Sohmer H, Freeman S, Gafni M, Goitein K. The depression of the auditory-nerve-brain-stem evoked response in hypoxaemia. Mechanism and site of effect. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1986 ; 64 : 334-8.
68. Sorensen K, Thomassen A, Wernberg M. Prognostic significance of alpha frequency EEC rhythm after cardiac arrest. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1978 ; 41 : 840-2.
69. Stockard JJ, Sharbrough FW, Tinker JA. Effects of hypothermia on the human brain-stem auditiory response. Ann Neurol 1978 ; 3 : 368-70.
70. Stone JL, Ghaly RF, Hughes JR. Evoked potentials in head injury and states of increased intracranial pressure. J Clin Neurophysiol 1988 ; 5 : 135-60.
71. Synek VM. Prognostically important EEG coma patterns in diffuse anoxic and traumatic encephalopathies. J Clin Neurophysiol 1988 ; 5 : 161-74.
72. Task force on brain death in children. Guidelines for the determination of brain death in children. Pediatrics 1987 ; 80 : 298-300.
73. Towle VL, Maselli R, Bernstein LP, Spire JP. Electrophysiologic studies on locked-in patients: heterogeneity of findings. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1989 ; 73 : 419-26.
74. Vespa P, Nuwer MR, Juhasz C, Alexander M, Nenov V, Martin N, et al. Early detection of vasospasm after acute subarachnoid hemorrhage using continuous EEG ICU monitoring. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997 ; 103 : 607-15.
75. Vignaendra V, Wilkus RJ, Copass MK, Chatrian GE. Electroencephalographic rythms of alpha frequency in comatose patients after cardiopulmonary arrest. Neurology 1974 ; 24 : 582-8.
76. Wagner W. Scalp, earlobe and nasopharyngeal recordings of the median nerve somatosensory evoked P14 potential in coma and brain death. Detailed latency and amplitude analysis in 181 patients. Brain 1996; 119: 1507-21.
77. Walser H, Mattle H, Keller HM, Watts C. Early cortical median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials. Prognostic value in anoxic coma. Arch Neurol 1985 ; 42 : 32-8.
78. Westmorland BF, Klass DW, Sharbrough FW, Reagan TJ. Alpha-coma. Electroencephalographic. clinical, pathologic and etiologic correlations. Arch Neurol 1975 ; 32 : 713-8.
79. York DH, Pulliam MW, Rosenfeld JG, Watts C. Relationship between visual evoked potentials and intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg 1981 ; 55 : 909-16.
80. Young GB, Blume WT, Campbell VM, Demelo JD, Leung LS, Mc Keown RS, el al Alpha, theta and alpha-theta coma: a clinical outcome study utilizing serial recordings. EEG Clin Neurophysiol 1994 ; 91 : 93-9.
81. Zandbergen EGJ, DeHaan RJ, Stoutenbeek CP, Koelman JHTM, Hijdra A. Systematic review of early prediction of poor outcome in anoxicischaemic coma. Lancet 1998 ; 352 : 1808-12.