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1
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0025203198
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The Cost and Value of Second Surgical Opinion Programs: A Critical Review of the Literature
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P.A. Lindsey and J.P. Newhouse, "The Cost and Value of Second Surgical Opinion Programs: A Critical Review of the Literature," Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Low 15, no. 3 (1990): 543-570.
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(1990)
Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Low
, vol.15
, Issue.3
, pp. 543-570
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Lindsey, P.A.1
Newhouse, J.P.2
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3
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6244269604
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See Lindsey and Newhouse, "The Cost and Value;" R.M. Scheffler, S.D. Sullivan, and T.H. Ko, "The Impact of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plan Utilization Management Programs, 1980-1988," Inquiry 28, no. 3 (1991): 263-275; and S.N. Rosenberg et al., "Effect of Utilization Review in a Fee-for-Service Health Insurance Plan," N'ew England Journal of Medicine 333, no. 20 (1995): 1326-1330.
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The Cost and Value
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Lindsey1
Newhouse2
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4
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0026002511
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The Impact of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plan Utilization Management Programs, 1980-1988
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See Lindsey and Newhouse, "The Cost and Value;" R.M. Scheffler, S.D. Sullivan, and T.H. Ko, "The Impact of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plan Utilization Management Programs, 1980-1988," Inquiry 28, no. 3 (1991): 263-275; and S.N. Rosenberg et al., "Effect of Utilization Review in a Fee-for-Service Health Insurance Plan," N'ew England Journal of Medicine 333, no. 20 (1995): 1326-1330.
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(1991)
Inquiry
, vol.28
, Issue.3
, pp. 263-275
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Scheffler, R.M.1
Sullivan, S.D.2
Ko, T.H.3
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5
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0028785876
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Effect of Utilization Review in a Fee-for-Service Health Insurance Plan
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See Lindsey and Newhouse, "The Cost and Value;" R.M. Scheffler, S.D. Sullivan, and T.H. Ko, "The Impact of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plan Utilization Management Programs, 1980-1988," Inquiry 28, no. 3 (1991): 263-275; and S.N. Rosenberg et al., "Effect of Utilization Review in a Fee-for-Service Health Insurance Plan," N'ew England Journal of Medicine 333, no. 20 (1995): 1326-1330.
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(1995)
New England Journal of Medicine
, vol.333
, Issue.20
, pp. 1326-1330
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Rosenberg, S.N.1
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6
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0026913452
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Second Opinion Programs: Continued Savings from Nonconfirmed Surgeries
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A. Chu, V. Lavoie, and E.G. McCarthy, "Second Opinion Programs: Continued Savings from Nonconfirmed Surgeries," Employee Benefits Journal 17, no. 3 (1992): 35-40.
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(1992)
Employee Benefits Journal
, vol.17
, Issue.3
, pp. 35-40
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Chu, A.1
Lavoie, V.2
McCarthy, E.G.3
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7
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0029444512
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Medical Ethics in the Era of Managed Care: The Need for Institutional Structures Instead of Principles for Individual Cases
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E.J. Emanuel, "Medical Ethics in the Era of Managed Care: The Need for Institutional Structures Instead of Principles for Individual Cases," Journal of Clinical Ethics 6, no. 4 (1995): 335-338.
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(1995)
Journal of Clinical Ethics
, vol.6
, Issue.4
, pp. 335-338
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Emanuel, E.J.1
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8
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0030776787
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Managed Care Regulation: In the Laboratory of the States
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T.E. Miller, "Managed Care Regulation: In the Laboratory of the States," Journal of the American Medical Association 278, no. 13 (1997): 1102-1109.
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(1997)
Journal of the American Medical Association
, vol.278
, Issue.13
, pp. 1102-1109
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Miller, T.E.1
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10
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0030741164
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The Impact of Policy Standardization on the Medigap Market
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T. Rice, M.L. Graham, and P.D. Fox, "The Impact of Policy Standardization on the Medigap Market," Inquiry 34, no. 2 (1997): 106-116.
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(1997)
Inquiry
, vol.34
, Issue.2
, pp. 106-116
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Rice, T.1
Graham, M.L.2
Fox, P.D.3
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12
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6244283676
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Florida Insurance Code, sec. 641.51
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Florida Insurance Code, sec. 641.51.
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13
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6244269605
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Missouri S.B. 754 (signed into law in 1998)
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Missouri S.B. 754 (signed into law in 1998).
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14
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6244230249
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Indiana Insurance Code, sec. 27.13.37
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Indiana Insurance Code, sec. 27.13.37.
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15
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6244253326
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Florida Insurance Code, sec. 641.51
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Florida Insurance Code, sec. 641.51.
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16
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6244245873
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A.B. 341
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A.B. 341, "Health Care Coverage: Second Opinions." The opposition on record included Pacifi-Care, Blue Cross of California, the California Association of Health Plans, and the Health Insurance Association of America.
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Health Care Coverage: Second Opinions
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18
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6244295506
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note
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The multivariate model included race/ethnicity, sex, age, marital status, health status, mental health status, health problem, educational attainment, household income, regular doctor, health insurance status, perceptions of being treated badly, perceptions that care would have been better if respondent was of a different race. English as primary language, and generation status. The exact categories are listed in Exhibit 1. It was not possible to analyze the data according to which states did or did not have a legal right to a second opinion.
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19
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6244282717
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College Station, Penn.: Stata Press
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Stata Version 5.0 (College Station, Penn.: Stata Press, 1998).
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(1998)
Stata Version 5.0
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20
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6244264143
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note
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This relationship should be interpreted cautiously because location of care may be determined by whether the person had a second opinion or not (that is, it may be endogenous). For that reason, location of care was not included in the multivariate analysis. However, further multivariate analyses indicated that among white non-Hispanics who were hospitalized (n=480), sociocultural factors - including race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and perceptions of being treated badly - were significantly associated with the use of SMOs.
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21
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6244308961
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Regression results can be obtained from Todd Wagner by e-mail at twagner@odd.stanford.edu
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Regression results can be obtained from Todd Wagner by e-mail at twagner@odd.stanford.edu.
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22
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6244253327
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note
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This may be just a statistical artifact indicating that people choose their insurance type based on their risk and that those enrolling in HMO plans are of lower risk. In further analyses we separated Medicare from Medicaid. Despite the small cell sizes, the direction of the effect does not change.
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23
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6244277264
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The data were cross-sectional, and some of the variables, such as enrollment in an HMO, may be endogenous. Unfortunately, the data set did not contain any variables that could serve as instruments. More general limitations of the data set are discussed in Hogue et al., eds., Minority Health in America.
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E Minority Health in America
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Hogue1
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24
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0031052862
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Physician-Patient Communication: The Relationship with Malpractice Claims among Primary Care Physicians and Surgeons
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A related line of research has shown that primary care physicians who interject humor, who work to educate their patients, and who actively involve the patient in the checkup have fewer malpractice claims. See W. Levinson et al., "Physician-Patient Communication: The Relationship with Malpractice Claims among Primary Care Physicians and Surgeons," Journal of the American Medical Association 277, no. 7 (1997): 553-559.
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(1997)
Journal of the American Medical Association
, vol.277
, Issue.7
, pp. 553-559
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Levinson, W.1
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25
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6244243035
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note
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This estimate is conservative because it assumes that people only had one second opinion at a cost of $75. The cost of $75 is based on Medicare's reimbursement rate for a doctor's visit at the University of California, San Francisco, in 1996, deflated to 1994 dollars using the medical services component of the Consumer Price Index.
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