Hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis in horses: A review

Equine Veterinary Journal

Volumn 31, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 362-367

  Meyer, T S ^a   Fedde, M R ^a   Cox, J H ^a   Erickson, H H ^a  

^a KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Horse; HPP; Hyperkalaemia; Paralysis; Potassium; Sodium channels

Indexed keywords

EQUIDAE; EQUUS CABALLUS;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; GENETICS; HORSE; HORSE DISEASE; PERIODIC PARALYSIS; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; HORSE DISEASES; HORSES; PARALYSIS, HYPERKALEMIC PERIODIC;

EID: 0033190972     PISSN: 04251644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb03834.x     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Anon (1996) Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP) Fact Sheet, American Quarter Horse Association, Amarillo, Texas.
2. Bailey, J.E., Pablo, L. and Hubbell, J.A.E. (1996) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis episode during halothane anesthesia in a horse. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 208, 1859-1865.
3. Beech, J., Fletcher, J.E., Tripolitis, L. and Lindborg, S. (1992) Effects of phenytoin in two myotonic horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Muscle and Nerve, 15, 932-936.
4. Bertone, J.J. (1993) Periodic paralysis - what does it mean to your horse? Paint Horse J. Feb., 52-54.
5. Bowling, A.T., Byrns, G. and Spier, S. (1996) Evidence for a single pedigree source of the hyperkalemic periodic paralysis susceptibility gene in Quarter Horses. Anim. Genet. 27, 279-281.
6. Carr, E.A., Spier, S.J., Kortz, G.D. and Hoffman, E.P. (1996) Laryngeal and pharyngeal dysfunction in horses homozygous for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 209, 798-803.
7. Cox, J.H. (1985) An episodic weakness in four horses associated with intermittent serum hyperkalemia and the similarity of the disease to hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in man. Proc. Am. Ass. equine Practnrs. 21, 383-391.
8. Cox, J.H. (1993) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis: diagnosing the disease in the headlines. Equine vet. J. 25, 174-177.
9. Cox, J.H. and DeBowes, R.M. (1990) Episodic weakness caused hy hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses. Comp. cont. Educ. pract. Vet. 12, 83-88.
10. Duren, S. (1998) Feeding management of horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP). World Equine Vet. Rev. 3, 5-8.
11. Glazier, D.B., Littledike, E.T. and Evans, R.D. (1982) Electrocardiographic changes in induced hyperkalemia in ponies. Am. J. vet. Res. 43, 1934-1937.
12. Guglick, M.A., MacAllister, C.G. and Breazile, J.E. (1996) Laryngospasm, dysphagia, and emaciation associated with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in a horse. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 209, 115-117.
13. + channel mutation alters molecular transitions between the open and inactivated states. J. Physiol. 497, 349-364.
14. Hoffman, E.P. and Spier, S.J. (1993) Sodium channelopathies: dramatic diseases caused by subtle genetic changes. News Physiol. Sci. 8, 38-41.
15. Moody, J.L., Parks, G. and Herthel, D.J. (1995) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis: the syndrome. Equine Pract. 17, 15-18.
16. Moore, J. (1993) Unmasking the fatal flaw. Equus 185, 44-50, 80-85.
17. Naylor, J.M. (1994a) Equine hyperkalemic periodic paralysis; review and implications. Can. vet. J. 35, 279-285.
18. Naylor, J.M. (1994b) Selection of Quarter Horses affected with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis by show judges. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 204, 926-928.
19. Naylor, J.M. (1997) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Vet. Clin. N. Am.: Equine Pract. 13, 129-144.
20. Naylor, J.M., Robinson, J.A. and Bertone, J.J. (1992a) Familial incidence of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in Quarter Horses. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 200, 340-343.
21. Naylor, J.M., Robinson, J.A., Crichlow, E.C. and Steiss, J.E. (1992b) Inheritance of myotonic discharges in American Quarter Horses and the relationship to hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Can. J. vet. Res. 56, 62-66.
22. Naylor, J.M., Jones, V. and Berry, S-L. (1993) Clinical syndrome and diagnosis of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in Quarter Horses. Equine vet. J. 25, 227-232.
23. Pickar, J.G., Spier, S.J., Snyder, J.R. and Carlsen, R.C. (1991) Altered ionic permeability in skeletal muscle from horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Am. J. Physiol. 260, C926-C933.
24. Reynolds, J.A., Potter, G.D., Greene, L.W., Wu, G., Carter, G.K., Martin, M.T., Peterson, T.V., Murray-Gerzik, M., Moss, G. and Erkert, R.S. (1997) Genetic-diet interactions in the hyperkalemic periodic paralysis syndrome in Quarter Horses fed varying amounts of potassium. In: Proceedings of the 15th Equine Nutrition and Physiology Symposium, 15, 11-16.
25. Reynolds, J.A., Potter, G.D., Greene, L.W., Wu, G., Carter, G.K., Martin, M.T., Peterson, T.V., Murray-Gerzik, M., Moss, G. and Erkert, R.S. (1998) Genetic-diet interactions in the hyperkalemic periodic paralysis syndrome in Quarter Horses ted varying amounts of potassium: I. Potassium and sodium balance, packed cell volume and plasma potassium and sodium concentrations. J. equine vet. Sci. 18, 591-600.
26. Robertson, S.A., Green, S.L., Carter, S.W., Bolon, B.N., Brown, M.P. and Shields, R.P. (1992) Postanesthetic recumbency associated with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in a Quarter Horse. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 201, 1209-1212.
27. Robinson, J.A. Naylor, J.M. and Crichlow, E.C. (1990) Use of electromyography for the diagnosis of equine hyperkalemic periodic paresis. Can. J. vet. Res. 54, 495-500.
28. Rose, B.D. (1984) Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, pp 633-636.
29. Rudolph, J.A., Spier, S.J., Byrns, G. and Hoffman, E.P. (1992a) Linkage of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in Quarter Horses to the adult skeletal muscle sodium channel gene. Anim. Genet. 23, 241-250.
30. Rudolph, J.A., Spier, S.J., Byrns, G., Rojas, C.V., Bernoco, D. and Hoffman, E.P. (1992b) Periodic paralysis in Quarter Horses: a sodium channel mutation disseminated by selective breeding. Nat. Genet. 2, 144-147.
31. Selnow, L. (1997) HYPP. The Horse 14 (4), 69-72.
32. Smith, C.A. (1993) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis presents a medical and ethical challenge. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 202, 1203-1209.
33. Spier, S.J. (1993) Blood test available for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in quarter horses. J. equine vet. Sci. 13, 140-142.
34. Spier, S.J., Carlson, G.P., Holliday, T.A., Cardinet, G.H. and Pickar, J.G. (1990a) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 197, 1009-1017.
35. Spier, S.J., Carlson, G.P., Pickar, J.G., Snyder, J.R., Holliday, T.A. and Cardinet, G.H. (1990b) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses: genetic and electrophysiologic studies. Proc. Am. Ass. equine Practnrs. 35, 399-402.
36. Spier, S.J., Carlson, G.P., Harrold, D., Bowling, A., Byrns, G. and Bernoco, D. (1993) Genetic study of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses. J. Am.. vet. med. Ass. 202, 933-937.
37. Steele, D.S. and Naylor, J.M. (1996) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, plasma lactate and exercise tolerance. J. equine vet. Sci. 16, 327-333.
38. Stewart, R.H., Bertone, J.J., Yvorchuck-St. Jean, K., Reed, S-M. and Neil, W.H. (1993) Possible normokalemic variant of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in two horses. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 203, 421-424.
39. Traub Dargatz, J.L., Ingram, J.T., Stashak, T.S., Kiper, M.L., Tarr, S., Child, G. and MacAllister, C.G. (1992) Clinical reports: respiratory stridor associated with polymyopathy suspected to be in hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in four Quarter Horse foals. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 201, 85-89.