Principal modes of Southern Hemisphere low-frequency variability obtained from NCEP-NCAR reanalyses

Journal of Climate

Volumn 12, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 2808-2830

  Kidson, John W ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; TROPICS; WEATHER FORECASTING; WIND;

HIGH LATITUDE MODE; SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE;

CLIMATOLOGY;

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; SEASONAL VARIATION;

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; SEASONAL VARIATION; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ZONAL WIND;

EID: 0033190320     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2808:PMOSHL>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Ambrizzi, T., B. J. Hoskins, and H.-H. Hsu, 1995: Rossby wave propagation and teleconnection patterns in the austral winter. J. Atmos. Sci. 52, 3661-3672.
2. Barnston, A. G., and R. E. Livezey, 1987: Classification, seasonality and persistence of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1083-1126.
3. Berbery, E. H., and J. Nogues-Paegle, 1993: Intraseasonal fluctuations between the Tropics and extratropics in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1950-1965.
4. _, _, and J. D. Horel, 1992: Wavelike Southern Hemisphere extratropical teleconnections.. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 155-177.
5. Chen, T-C., and M.-C. Yen, 1997: Interdecadal variation of the Southern Hemisphere circulation. J. Climate. 10, 805-812.
6. Cheng, X., G. Nitsche, and J. M. Wallace, 1995: Robustness of low-frequency circulation patterns derived from EOF and rotated EOF analyses. J. Climate, 8, 1709-1713.
7. Craddock, J. M., and C. R. Flood, 1969: Eigenvectors for representing the 500 mb geopotential surface over the Northern Hemisphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 95, 576-593.
8. Farrara, J. D., M. Ghil, C. R. Mechoso, and K. C. Mo, 1989: Empirical orthogonal functions and multiple flow regimes in the Southern Hemisphere winter. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3219-3223.
9. Ghil, M., and K. Mo, 1991: Instraseasonal oscillations in the global atmosphere. Part II: Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 780-790.
10. Hamilton, K., 1983: Aspects of wave behavior in the mid-and upper-troposphere of the Southern Hemisphere. Atmos.-Ocean, 21,40-54.
11. Horel, J. D., 1981: A rotated principal component analysis of the interannual variability of the Northern Hemisphere 500 mb height field. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 2080-2092.
12. Hoskins, B. J., and D. J. Karoly, 1981: The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1179-1196.
13. _, H. H. Hsu, I. N. James, M. Masutani, P. D. Sardeshmuk, and G. H. White, 1989: Diagnostics of the global atmospheric circulation based on ECMWF analyses 1979-1989. WCRP 27, WMO/TD No. 326, WMO, Geneva. Switzerland, 217 pp.
14. Hsu, H., and J. M. Wallace. 1985: Vertical structure of wintertime teleconnection patterns. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1693-1710.
15. Hurrell, J., H. van Loon, and D. J. Shea, 1998: The mean state of the troposphere. Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere, Meteor. Monogr., No. 49, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1-46.
16. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-yzar Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
17. Karoly, D. J., 1989: Southern Hemisphere circulation features associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation events. J. Climate, 2, 1239-1252.
18. _, 1990: The role of transient eddies in low-frequency zonal variations of the Southern Hemisphere circulation. Tellus, 42A, 41-50.
19. Kidson, J. W., 1988a: Indices of the Southern Hemisphere zonal wind. J. Climate. 1, 183-194.
20. _, 1988b: Interannual variations in the Southern Hemisphere circulation. J. Climate, 1, 1177-1198.
21. _, 1991: Intraseasonal variations in the Southern Hemisphere circulation. J. Climate. 4, 939-953.
22. _, and M. R. Sinclair, 1995: The influence of persistent anomalies on Southern Hemisphere storm tracks. J. Climate, 8, 1938-1950.
23. Kiladis, G. N., and K. M. Weickmann, 1992a: Circulation anomalies associated with tropical convection during northern winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1900-1923.
24. _, and _, 1992b: Extratropical forcing of tropical Pacific convection during northern winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1924-1938.
25. _, and _, 1997: Horizontal structure and seasonality of largescale circulations associated with submonthly tropical convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1997-2013.
26. _, and K. C. Mo, 1998: Interannual and intraseasonal variability in the Southern Hemisphere. Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere, Meteor. Monogr., No. 49, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 307-336.
27. Kousky, V. E., and G. D. Bell, 1992: Atlas of Southern Hemisphere 500 mb Teleconnection Patterns Derived from National Meteorological Center Analyses. NOAA, NOAA Atlas No. 9, Dept. of Commerce. Camp Springs, MD, 90 pp.
28. Lau, K.-M., R-J. Sheu, and I.-S. Kang, 1994: Multiscale low-frequency circulation modes in the global atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1169-1193.
29. Madden, R., and P. Julian, 1994: Observations of the 40-50 day tropical oscillation-A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 814-837.
30. Mechoso, C. R., J. D. Farrara, and M. Ghil, 1991: Intraseasonal variability of the winter circulation in the Southern Hemisphere atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1387-1404.
31. Mo, K. C., 1986: Quasi-stationary states in the Southern Hemisphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 808-823.
32. _. and H. van Loon, 1984: Some aspects of the interannual variation of mean monthly sea level pressure on the Southern Hemisphere. J. Geophys. Res., 89 (D6), 9541-9546.
33. _, and G. H. White, 1985: Teleconnections in the Southern Hemisphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 22-37.
34. _, and M. Ghil, 1987: Statistics and dynamics of persistent anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 877-901.
35. _, and R. W. Higgins, 1997: Planetary waves in the Southern Hemisphere and linkages to the tropics. Harry van Loon Symposium, Studies in Climate. Part II. NCAR Tech. Note TN-433 + Proc., 290 pp.
36. _, and _, 1998: The Pacific-South American modes and tropical convection during the Southern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1581-1596.
37. Newell, R. E., J. W. Kidson, D. G. Vincent, and G. J. Boer, 1972: The General Circulation of the Tropical Atmosphere and Interactions with Extratropical Latitudes. Vol. 1. The MIT Press, 258 pp.
38. North, G. R., T. L. Bell, R. F. Cahalan, and F. J. Moeng, 1982: Sam-pling errors in the estimation of empirical orthogonal functions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 699-706.
39. O'Lenic, E. A., and R. E. Livezey, 1988: Practical considerations in the use of rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) in diagnostic studies of upper air heights. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1682-1689.
40. Rasmusson, E. M., and K. Mo, 1993: Linkages between 200-mb tropical and extratropical circulation anomalies during the 1986-1989 ENSO cycle. J. Climate, 6, 595-616.
41. Renwick, J. A., R. J. Hurst, and J. W. Kidson, 1998: Climatic influences on the recruitment of Southern Gemfish (Rexea Solandri, Gempylidae) in New Zealand waters. Int. J. Climatol., 18, 1655-1667.
42. Richman, M. B., 1986: Rotation of principal components. Int. J. Climatol., 6, 293-335.
43. Rogers, J. C., and H. van Loon, 1982: Spatial variability of sea level pressure and 500 mb height anomalies over the Southern Hemisphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1375-1392.
44. Salby, M. L., 1982: A ubiquitous wavenumber 5 anomaly in the Southern Hemisphere during FGGE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1712-1720.
45. Swanson, G. S., and K. E. Trenberth, 1981: Interannual variability in the Southern Hemisphere troposphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 1890-1897.
46. Trenberth, K. E., 1981 : Observed Southern Hemisphere eddy statistics at 500 mb: Frequency and spatial dependence. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2585-2605.
47. _, 1991 : Storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2159-2178.
48. _, and J. W. Hurrell, 1994: Decadal atmosphere ocean variations in the Pacific. Climate Dyn., 9, 303-319.
49. _, G. W. Branstator, D. Karoly, A. Kumar, N.-C. Lau. and C. Ropelewski. 1998: Progress during TOGA in understanding and modeling global teleconnections associated with tropical sea surface temperatures. J. Geophys. Res., 103 (C7), 14291-14324.
50. van Loon, H., J. W. Kidson, and A. B. Mullan, 1993: Decadal variation of the annual cycle in the Australian dataset. J. Climate, 6, 1227-1231.
51. Wallace, J. M., and D. S. Gutzler, 1981: Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 784-812.
52. White, W. B., and R. G. Peterson, 1996: An Antarctic circumpolar wave in surface pressure, wind, temperature and sea-ice extent. Nature, 380, 699-702.
53. Yanai, M., and T. Tomita, 1998: Seasonal and interannual variability of atmospheric heat sources and moisture sinks as determined from NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis. J. Climate, 11, 463-482.