Frequency Dependence of EPR Signal-to-Noise

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

Volumn 140, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 218-227

  Rinard, George A ^a   Quine, Richard W ^a   Harbridge, James R ^a   Song, Ruitian ^a   Eaton, Gareth R ^a   Eaton, Sandra S ^a  

^a University of Denver   (United States)

Author keywords

EPR; ESR; Frequency dependence; Noise; S N

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; INSTRUMENTATION; MATHEMATICS; SIGNAL PROCESSING;

ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; MATHEMATICS; SIGNAL PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED;

EID: 0033185730     PISSN: 10907807     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1999.1798     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. G. R. Eaton, S. S. Eaton, and G. A. Rinard, Frequency dependence of EPR sensitivity, in "Spatially Resolved Magnetic Resonance" (P. Blümler, B. Blümich, R. Botto, and E. Fukushima, Eds.), pp. 65-74, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (1998).
2. C. P. Poole, Jr., "Electron Spin Resonance," Chap. 14, Wiley, New York (1967).
3. G. A. Rinard, R. W. Quine, R. Song, G. R. Eaton, and S. S. Eaton, Absolute EPR spin echo intensities, J. Magn. Reson., accepted for publication.
4. M. Romanelli, V. Kurshev, and L. Kevan, Comparative analysis of pulsed electron spin resonance spectrometers at X-band and S-band, Appl. Magn. Reson. 7, 427-441 (1994).
5. J. H. Hankiewicz, C. Stenland, and L. Kevan, Pulsed S-band electron spin resonance spectrometer, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 2850-2856 (1993).
6. D. I. Hoult and R. E. Richards, The signal-to-noise ratio of the nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, J. Magn. Reson. 24, 71-85 (1976).
7. A. L. Bloom, Nuclear induction in inhomogeneous fields, Phys. Rev. 98, 1105-1111 (1955).
8. W. B. Mims, Electron echo methods in spin resonance spectrometry, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 36, 1472-1479 (1965).
9. W. B. Mims, Electron Spin Echoes, in "Electron Paramagnetic Resonance" (S. Geschwind, Ed.), Plenum, New York (1972).
10. N. Bloembergen and R. V. Pound, Radiation damping in magnetic resonance experiments, Phys. Rev. 95, 8-12 (1954).
11. J. P. Hornak and J. H. Freed, Spectral rotation in pulsed ESR spectroscopy, J. Magn. Reson. 67, 501-518 (1986).
12. E. Fukushima and S. B. W. Roeder, "Experimental Pulse NMR: A Nuts and Bolts Approach," Sect. II.A.2, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1981).
13. W. H. Perman, M. A. Bernstein, and J. C. Sandstrom, A method for correctly setting the RF flip angle, Magn. Reson. Med. 9, 16-24 (1989).
14. G. A. Rinard, R. W. Quine, S. S. Eaton, G. R. Eaton, and W. Froncisz, Relative benefits of overcoupled resonators vs. inherently low-Q resonators for pulsed magnetic resonance, J. Magn. Reson. A 108, 71-81 (1994).
15. M. N. O. Sadiku, "Elements of Electromagnetics," 2nd ed., p. 472, Harcourt Brace College, Orlando, FL (1994).
16. S. S. Eaton and G. R. Eaton, Irradiated fused quartz standard sample for time domain EPR, J. Magn. Reson. A 102, 354-356 (1993).
17. B. T. Ghim, S. S. Eaton, G. R. Eaton, R. W. Quine, G. A. Rinard, and S. Pfenninger, Magnetic field and frequency dependence of electron spin relaxation times of the E′ center in irradiated vitreous silica, J. Magn. Reson. A 115, 230-235 (1995).
18. R. W. Quine, G. R. Eaton, and S. S. Eaton, Pulsed EPR spectrometer, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58, 1709-1721 (1987).
19. R. W. Quine, "Programmable Timing Unit for Generating Multiple Coherent Timing Signals," U.S. Patent 5,621,705, issued April 15 (1997).
20. A. Abragam and B. Bleaney, "Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Transition Ions," Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford (1970).
21. T. M. Wilmshurst, "Electron Spin Resonance Spectrometers," Plenum, New York (1968).
22. G. K. Fraenkel, Paramagnetic resonance absorption, in "Technique of Organic Chemistry," Vol. I, Part IV: "Physical Methods of Organic Chemistry" (A. Weissberger, Ed.) 3rd ed., Chap. XLII, Interscience, New York (1960).
23. G. Feher, Sensitivity considerations in microwave paramagnetic resonance absorption techniques, Bell System Tech. J. 36, 449-484 (1957).
24. Varian Spectrometer Manual 87-125-052, pp. 3-8.
25. D. I. Hoult, C.-N. Chen, and V. J. Sank, The field dependence of NMR imaging. II. Arguments concerning an optimal field strength, Magn. Reson. Med. 3, 730-746 (1986).
26. D. I. Hoult and P. C. Lauterbur, The sensitivity of the zeugmatographic experiment involving human samples, J. Magn. Reson. 34, 425-433 (1979).
27. D. I. Hoult, Sensitivity of the NMR experiment, in "Encyclopedia of NMR" (D. M. Grant and R. K. Harris, Eds.), Vol. 7, pp. 4256-4266 (1996).
28. E. R. Andrew, "Magnetic Resonance and Related Phenomena" (24th Ampere Congress, Poznan, 1988), pp. 45-51, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1989).
29. M. T. Vlaardingerbroek and J. A. den Boer, "Magnetic Resonance Imaging," Springer, New York (1996).
30. H. J. Halpern and M. K. Bowman, Low frequency EPR imaging, in "EPR Imaging and in vivo EPR" (G. R. Eaton, S. S. Eaton, and K. Ohno, Eds.), Chap. 6, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1989).
31. L. G. Stoodley, The sensitivity of microwave electron spin resonance spectrometers for use with aqueous solutions, J. Elect. Control 14, 531-546 (1963).
32. W. A. Edelstein, G. H. Glover, C. J. Hardy, and R. W. Redington, The intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio in NMR imaging, Magn. Reson. Med. 3, 604-618 (1986).
33. Y. S. Lebedev, High-frequency continuous wave electron spin resonance, in "Modern Pulsed and Continuous-Wave Electron Spin Resonance" (L. Kevan and M. K. Bowman, Eds.), p. 372, Wiley, New York, (1990).
34. T. F. Prisner, M. Rohrer, and K. Möbius, Pulsed 95 GHz high-field EPR heterodyne spectrometer with high spectral and time resolution, Appl. Magn. Reson. 7, 167-183 (1994).
35. T. F. Prisner, Pulsed high-frequency/high-field EPR. Adv. Magn. Opt. Reson. 20, 245-299 (1997).
36. R. T. Weber, J. A. M. Disselhorst, L. J. Prevo, J. Schmidt, and W. Th. Wenkebach, Electron Spin echo at 95 GHz, J. Magn. Reson. 81, 129-144 (1989).
37. R. S. Alger, "Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Techniques and Applications," p. 133ff, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1968).
38. F. A. Benson, Attenuation of rectangular waveguides, in "Millimetre and Submillimetre Waves" (F. A. Benson, Ed.), Iliffe Books, London (1969).
39. P. F. Goldsmith, Quasi-optical techniques at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths, Infrared Millimeter Waves 6, 277-342 (1982).
40. P. F. Goldsmith, "Quasioptical Systems: Gaussian Beam Quasioptical Propagation and Applications," pp. 119ff, 303ff, IEEE Press, New York (1998).
41. F. Losee, "RF Systems, Components, and Circuits Handbook," p. 345, Artech House, Boston (1997).
42. R. J. Batt, G. D. Jones, and D. J. Harris, The measurement of the surface resistivity of evaporated gold at 890 GHz, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techniques MTT-25, 488-491 (1977).
43. C.-N. Chen and D. I. Hoult, "Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Technology," Adam Hilger, Bristol (1989).