메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 1061-1106

The Scientific Status of Unconscious Processes: Is Freud Really Dead?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CAUSE OF DEATH; COGNITION; DEATH; HISTORY; HUMAN; MOTIVATION; PSYCHOANALYSIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PUBLIC OPINION; UNCONSCIOUSNESS;

EID: 0033182367     PISSN: 00030651     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/000306519904700404     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (192)

References (145)
  • 1
    • 0003046363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How expert clinicians' prototypes of an ideal treatment correlate with outcome in psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapy
    • Ablon, J. S., & Jones, E. E. (1998). How expert clinicians' prototypes of an ideal treatment correlate with outcome in psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Psychotherapy Research 8: 71–83.
    • (1998) Psychotherapy Research , vol.8 , pp. 71-83
    • Ablon, J.S.1    Jones, E.E.2
  • 2
    • 0028710759 scopus 로고
    • Transference in interpersonal relations: Inferences and affect based on significant-other representations
    • Andersen, S., & Baum, A. (1994). Transference in interpersonal relations: Inferences and affect based on significant-other representations. Journal of Personality 62: 460–497.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality , vol.62 , pp. 460-497
    • Andersen, S.1    Baum, A.2
  • 3
    • 0025484872 scopus 로고
    • Do I know you? The role of significant others in general social perception
    • Andersen, S., & Cole, S. (1991). Do I know you? The role of significant others in general social perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59: 384–399.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 384-399
    • Andersen, S.1    Cole, S.2
  • 4
    • 0030346617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eliciting facial affect, motivation, and expectancies in transference: Significant-other representations in social relations
    • Andersen, S., Reznik, I., & Manzella, L. (1996). Eliciting facial affect, motivation, and expectancies in transference: Significant-other representations in social relations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71: 1108–1129.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 1108-1129
    • Andersen, S.1    Reznik, I.2    Manzella, L.3
  • 7
    • 85121288907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The automaticity of everyday life
    • ed. R.S. Wyer, Jr. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Bargh, J. (1997). The automaticity of everyday life. In The Automaticity of Everyday Life: Advances in Social Cognition, Vol. 10, ed. R.S. Wyer, Jr. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 1–61.
    • (1997) The Automaticity of Everyday Life: Advances in Social Cognition , vol.10 , pp. 1-61
    • Bargh, J.1
  • 8
    • 0003103133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automaticity in action: The unconscious as repository of chronic goals and motives
    • ed. P.M. Gollwitzer & J. Bargh New York: Guilford Press
    • Bargh, J., & Barndollar, K. (1996). Automaticity in action: The unconscious as repository of chronic goals and motives. In The Psychology of Action-Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior, ed. P.M. Gollwitzer & J. Bargh New York: Guilford Press, pp. 457–481.
    • (1996) The Psychology of Action-Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior , pp. 457-481
    • Bargh, J.1    Barndollar, K.2
  • 9
    • 0029089181 scopus 로고
    • Double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the amygdala and hippocampus in humans
    • Bechara, A., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., Adolphs, R., Rockland, C., & Damasio, A. (1995). Double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the amygdala and hippocampus in humans. Science 29: 1115–1118.
    • (1995) Science , vol.29 , pp. 1115-1118
    • Bechara, A.1    Tranel, D.2    Damasio, H.3    Adolphs, R.4    Rockland, C.5    Damasio, A.6
  • 10
    • 0029963925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure to respond autonomically to anticipated future outcomes following damage to prefrontal cortex
    • Bechara, A., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., Adolphs, R., Rockland, C., & Damasio, A. (1996). Failure to respond autonomically to anticipated future outcomes following damage to prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex 6: 215–225.
    • (1996) Cerebral Cortex , vol.6 , pp. 215-225
    • Bechara, A.1    Tranel, D.2    Damasio, H.3    Adolphs, R.4    Rockland, C.5    Damasio, A.6
  • 11
    • 0142018489 scopus 로고
    • An experimental reunion of psychoanalytic theory with perceptual vigilance and defense
    • Blum, G. S. (1954). An experimental reunion of psychoanalytic theory with perceptual vigilance and defense. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 49: 94–98.
    • (1954) Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , vol.49 , pp. 94-98
    • Blum, G.S.1
  • 13
    • 0017454759 scopus 로고
    • The hidden preattentive processes
    • Broadbent, D. E. (1977). The hidden preattentive processes. American Psychologist 32: 109–118.
    • (1977) American Psychologist , vol.32 , pp. 109-118
    • Broadbent, D.E.1
  • 14
    • 0026129678 scopus 로고
    • Covert face recognition in prosopagnosia: A review
    • Bruyer, R. (1991). Covert face recognition in prosopagnosia: A review. Brain and Cognition 15: 223–235.
    • (1991) Brain and Cognition , vol.15 , pp. 223-235
    • Bruyer, R.1
  • 16
    • 0039618316 scopus 로고
    • The child's demystification of psychological defense mechanisms
    • Chandler, M. J., Paget, K., & Koch, D. (1978). The child's demystification of psychological defense mechanisms. Developmental Psychology 14: 197–205.
    • (1978) Developmental Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 197-205
    • Chandler, M.J.1    Paget, K.2    Koch, D.3
  • 17
    • 58149409019 scopus 로고
    • A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing
    • Collins, A., & Loftus, E. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review 82: 407–428.
    • (1975) Psychological Review , vol.82 , pp. 407-428
    • Collins, A.1    Loftus, E.2
  • 18
    • 0029319828 scopus 로고
    • Overly positive self evaluations and personality: negative implications for mental health
    • Colvin, R., Block, J., & Funder, D. (1995). Overly positive self evaluations and personality: negative implications for mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68: 1152–1162.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 1152-1162
    • Colvin, R.1    Block, J.2    Funder, D.3
  • 19
    • 0026420931 scopus 로고
    • Grasping the essentials
    • Cowey, A. (1991). Grasping the essentials. Nature 349: 102–103.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.349 , pp. 102-103
    • Cowey, A.1
  • 20
    • 0026132344 scopus 로고
    • Anger and the use of defense mechanisms in college students
    • Cramer, P. (1991). Anger and the use of defense mechanisms in college students. Journal of Personality 59: 39–55.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality , vol.59 , pp. 39-55
    • Cramer, P.1
  • 21
    • 0001920933 scopus 로고
    • The unknown Freud
    • November 18
    • Crews, F. (1993). The unknown Freud. New York Review of Books, November 18, pp. 55–67.
    • (1993) New York Review of Books , pp. 55-67
    • Crews, F.1
  • 22
    • 84997860401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The verdict on Freud
    • Crews, F. (1996). The verdict on Freud. Psychological Science 7: 63–67.
    • (1996) Psychological Science , vol.7 , pp. 63-67
    • Crews, F.1
  • 26
    • 25144451557 scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components
    • Devine, P. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56: 5–18.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 5-18
    • Devine, P.1
  • 27
    • 27844515734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prejudice and outgroup perception
    • (in press). ed. A. Tesser. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Devine, P. (in press). Prejudice and outgroup perception. In Constructing Social Psychology, ed. A. Tesser. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • Constructing Social Psychology
    • Devine, P.1
  • 31
    • 0027078539 scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiology in attachment interviews: Converging evidence for deactivating strategies
    • Dozier, M., & Kobak, R. (1992). Psychophysiology in attachment interviews: Converging evidence for deactivating strategies. Child Development 63: 1473–1480.
    • (1992) Child Development , vol.63 , pp. 1473-1480
    • Dozier, M.1    Kobak, R.2
  • 32
    • 0011684130 scopus 로고
    • National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: General effectiveness of treatments
    • Elkin, I., Shea, M. T., Watkins, J., & Imber, S. (1989). National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: General effectiveness of treatments. American Journal of Psychiatry 46: 971–982.
    • (1989) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 971-982
    • Elkin, I.1    Shea, M.T.2    Watkins, J.3    Imber, S.4
  • 33
    • 0024021638 scopus 로고
    • Conflict among personal strivings: Immediate and long-term implications for psychological and physical well-being
    • Emmons, R., & King, L. A. (1988). Conflict among personal strivings: Immediate and long-term implications for psychological and physical well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54: 1040–1048.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 1040-1048
    • Emmons, R.1    King, L.A.2
  • 34
    • 0026862678 scopus 로고
    • Coping ability, negative self-evaluation, and over-generalization: Experiment and theory
    • Epstein, S. (1992). Coping ability, negative self-evaluation, and over-generalization: Experiment and theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62: 826–836.
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 826-836
    • Epstein, S.1
  • 36
    • 70350657808 scopus 로고
    • Automatically elicited fear: Conditioned skin conductance responses to masked facial expressions
    • Esteves, F., Dimberg, U., & Ohman, A. (1994). Automatically elicited fear: Conditioned skin conductance responses to masked facial expressions. Cognition and Emotion 8: 393–413.
    • (1994) Cognition and Emotion , vol.8 , pp. 393-413
    • Esteves, F.1    Dimberg, U.2    Ohman, A.3
  • 37
    • 0029448299 scopus 로고
    • Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline?
    • Fazio, R., Jackson, J. R., Dunton, B., & Williams, C. J. (1995). Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69: 1013–1027.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 1013-1027
    • Fazio, R.1    Jackson, J.R.2    Dunton, B.3    Williams, C.J.4
  • 39
    • 0002254152 scopus 로고
    • The interpretation of dreams
    • Freud, S. (1900). The interpretation of dreams. Standard Edition 4: 1–338.
    • (1900) Standard Edition , vol.4 , pp. 1-338
    • Freud, S.1
  • 40
    • 0000031792 scopus 로고
    • The unconscious
    • Freud, S. (1915). The unconscious. Standard Edition 14: 159–214.
    • (1915) Standard Edition , vol.14 , pp. 159-214
    • Freud, S.1
  • 41
    • 0003193799 scopus 로고
    • The ego and the id
    • Freud, S. (1923). The ego and the id. Standard Edition 19: 1–66.
    • (1923) Standard Edition , vol.19 , pp. 1-66
    • Freud, S.1
  • 42
    • 0003360797 scopus 로고
    • An outline of psycho-analysis
    • Freud, S. (1939). An outline of psycho-analysis. Standard Edition 23: 139–207.
    • (1939) Standard Edition , vol.23 , pp. 139-207
    • Freud, S.1
  • 43
    • 0030555793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The analyst's contribution to the erotic transference
    • Gabbard, G. (1996). The analyst's contribution to the erotic transference. Contemporary Psychoanalysis 32: 249–273.
    • (1996) Contemporary Psychoanalysis , vol.32 , pp. 249-273
    • Gabbard, G.1
  • 44
    • 84992852749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a clinically and empirically sensible theory of thinking
    • Implications for theories of therapeutic action. Unpublished manuscript, Harvard Medical School
    • Gabbard, G., & Westen, D. (1999). Toward a clinically and empirically sensible theory of thinking, Part 3: Implications for theories of therapeutic action. Unpublished manuscript, Harvard Medical School.
    • (1999)
    • Gabbard, G.1    Westen, D.2
  • 46
    • 84992841589 scopus 로고
    • Theory and Technique. Psychological Issues Monograph 53. New York: International Universities Press
    • Gill, M. (1982). Analysis of Transference, Vol. I. Theory and Technique. Psychological Issues Monograph 53. New York: International Universities Press.
    • (1982) Analysis of Transference , vol.1
    • Gill, M.1
  • 47
    • 0039287451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streams of thought about the self and significant others: Transference as the construction of interpersonal meaning
    • ed. J.A. Dinger and P. Salovey. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Glassman, N., & Andersen, S. M. (1999). Streams of thought about the self and significant others: Transference as the construction of interpersonal meaning. In At Play in the Fields of Consciousness: Essays in Honor of Jerome L. Singer, ed. J.A. Dinger and P. Salovey. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 103–140.
    • (1999) At Play in the Fields of Consciousness: Essays in Honor of Jerome L. Singer , pp. 103-140
    • Glassman, N.1    Andersen, S.M.2
  • 48
    • 0032084985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test
    • Greenwald, A., McGhee, D., & Schwartz, J. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74: 1464–1480.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 1464-1480
    • Greenwald, A.1    McGhee, D.2    Schwartz, J.3
  • 49
    • 0000517392 scopus 로고
    • The self
    • ed. R. Wyer & T. Srull Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Greenwald, A., & Pratkanis, A. (1984). The self. In Handbook of Social Cognition, Vol. 3, ed. R. Wyer & T. Srull Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 129–178.
    • (1984) Handbook of Social Cognition , vol.3 , pp. 129-178
    • Greenwald, A.1    Pratkanis, A.2
  • 50
    • 0029202423 scopus 로고
    • Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes
    • Greenwald, A., & Banaji, M. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review 102: 4–27.
    • (1995) Psychological Review , vol.102 , pp. 4-27
    • Greenwald, A.1    Banaji, M.2
  • 51
    • 79958721491 scopus 로고
    • Emotional suppression: Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior
    • Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. (1993). Emotional suppression: Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64: 970–986.
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.64 , pp. 970-986
    • Gross, J.J.1    Levenson, R.2
  • 54
    • 0014879195 scopus 로고
    • Alpha activity during inhibitory brain processes
    • Heinemann, L., & Emrich, H. (1971). Alpha activity during inhibitory brain processes. Psychophysiology 7: 442–450.
    • (1971) Psychophysiology , vol.7 , pp. 442-450
    • Heinemann, L.1    Emrich, H.2
  • 55
    • 0002991876 scopus 로고
    • Personality, social psychology, and person-situation relations: Standards and knowledge activation as a common language
    • ed. L. Previn. New York: Guilford Press
    • Higgins, E. T. (1990). Personality, social psychology, and person-situation relations: Standards and knowledge activation as a common language. In Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, ed. L. Previn. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 301–338.
    • (1990) Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research , pp. 301-338
    • Higgins, E.T.1
  • 57
    • 0028726032 scopus 로고
    • The body's response to processing emotional trauma: Linking verbal text with autonomic activity
    • Hughes, C., Uhlmann, C, & Pennebaker, J. (1994). The body's response to processing emotional trauma: Linking verbal text with autonomic activity. Journal of Personality 62: 565–585.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality , vol.62 , pp. 565-585
    • Hughes, C.1    Uhlmann, C.2    Pennebaker, J.3
  • 58
    • 0023355602 scopus 로고
    • Psychobiological factors predicting the course of breast cancer
    • Jensen, M. R. (1987). Psychobiological factors predicting the course of breast cancer. Journal of Personality 55: 317–342.
    • (1987) Journal of Personality , vol.55 , pp. 317-342
    • Jensen, M.R.1
  • 59
    • 0028115279 scopus 로고
    • Aćcuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism
    • John, O., & Robins, R. W. (1994). Aćcuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66: 206–219.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 206-219
    • John, O.1    Robins, R.W.2
  • 61
    • 0027415198 scopus 로고
    • Comparing the process in psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies
    • Jones, E. E., & Pulos, S. M. (1993). Comparing the process in psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 61: 306–316.
    • (1993) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 306-316
    • Jones, E.E.1    Pulos, S.M.2
  • 62
    • 34547146631 scopus 로고
    • Racial ambivalence and American value conflict: Correlational and priming studies of dual cognitive structures
    • Katz, I., & Hass, R. (1988). Racial ambivalence and American value conflict: Correlational and priming studies of dual cognitive structures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55: 893–905.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.55 , pp. 893-905
    • Katz, I.1    Hass, R.2
  • 64
    • 0023239066 scopus 로고
    • The cognitive unconscious
    • Kihlstrom, J. (1987). The cognitive unconscious. Science 237: 1445–1452.
    • (1987) Science , vol.237 , pp. 1445-1452
    • Kihlstrom, J.1
  • 65
    • 27844466019 scopus 로고
    • Freud returns
    • ed. R.L. Solso & D.W. Massaro New York: Oxford University Press
    • Kosslyn, S. (1995). Freud returns. In The Science of the Mind: 2001 and Beyond, ed. R.L. Solso & D.W. Massaro New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 90–106.
    • (1995) The Science of the Mind: 2001 and Beyond , pp. 90-106
    • Kosslyn, S.1
  • 66
    • 0025520005 scopus 로고
    • The case for motivated reasoning
    • Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin 108: 480–498.
    • (1990) Psychological Bulletin , vol.108 , pp. 480-498
    • Kunda, Z.1
  • 67
    • 0000001318 scopus 로고
    • Autonomic discrimination without awareness: A study of subception
    • Lazarus, R. S., & McCleary, R. A. (1951). Autonomic discrimination without awareness: A study of subception. Psychological Review 58: 113–122.
    • (1951) Psychological Review , vol.58 , pp. 113-122
    • Lazarus, R.S.1    McCleary, R.A.2
  • 68
    • 84954050581 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive-emotional interactions in the brain
    • Ledoux, J. (1989). Cognitive-emotional interactions in the brain. Cognition and Emotion 3: 267–289.
    • (1989) Cognition and Emotion , vol.3 , pp. 267-289
    • Ledoux, J.1
  • 69
    • 0029107645 scopus 로고
    • Emotion: Clues from the brain
    • Ledoux, J. (1995). Emotion: Clues from the brain. Annual Review of Psychology 46: 209–235.
    • (1995) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 209-235
    • Ledoux, J.1
  • 71
    • 0000343646 scopus 로고
    • Nonconscious biasing effects of single instances on subsequent judgments
    • Lewicki, P. (1985). Nonconscious biasing effects of single instances on subsequent judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48: 563–574.
    • (1985) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.48 , pp. 563-574
    • Lewicki, P.1
  • 73
    • 0002219245 scopus 로고
    • Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation
    • Child Development 50 (1-2), ed. I. Bretherton & E. Waters
    • Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. In Growing Points of Attachment Theory and Research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 50 (1-2), ed. I. Bretherton & E. Waters, pp. 67–104.
    • (1985) Growing Points of Attachment Theory and Research. Monographs of the Society for Research , pp. 67-104
    • Main, M.1    Kaplan, N.2    Cassidy, J.3
  • 75
    • 0017145259 scopus 로고
    • Is a homosexual orientation irreversible?
    • McConaghy, N. (1976). Is a homosexual orientation irreversible? British Journal of Psychiatry 129: 556–563.
    • (1976) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.129 , pp. 556-563
    • McConaghy, N.1
  • 76
    • 0000674021 scopus 로고
    • Emotionality and perceptual defense
    • McGinnies, E. (1949). Emotionality and perceptual defense. Psychological Review 56: 244–251.
    • (1949) Psychological Review , vol.56 , pp. 244-251
    • McGinnies, E.1
  • 77
    • 49949122419 scopus 로고
    • Further analysis of the hippocampal amnesic syndrome: Fourteen year follow-up study of H.M
    • Milner, B., Corkin, S., & Teuber, H. L. (1968). Further analysis of the hippocampal amnesic syndrome: Fourteen year follow-up study of H.M. Neuropsychologia 6: 215–234.
    • (1968) Neuropsychologia , vol.6 , pp. 215-234
    • Milner, B.1    Corkin, S.2    Teuber, H.L.3
  • 78
    • 0000804521 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sex guilt, repression, sexual “arousability,” and sexual experience on female sexual arousal during erotica and fantasy
    • Morokoff, P. J. (1985). Effects of sex guilt, repression, sexual “arousability,” and sexual experience on female sexual arousal during erotica and fantasy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49: 177–187.
    • (1985) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.49 , pp. 177-187
    • Morokoff, P.J.1
  • 79
    • 0027600502 scopus 로고
    • Affect, cognition, and awareness: Affective priming with optimal and suboptimal stimulus exposures
    • Murphy, S. T., & Zajonc, R. (1993). Affect, cognition, and awareness: Affective priming with optimal and suboptimal stimulus exposures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64: 723–739.
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.64 , pp. 723-739
    • Murphy, S.T.1    Zajonc, R.2
  • 80
    • 0343468534 scopus 로고
    • Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes
    • Nisbett, R., & Wilson, T. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review 84: 231–259.
    • (1977) Psychological Review , vol.84 , pp. 231-259
    • Nisbett, R.1    Wilson, T.2
  • 81
    • 0028271210 scopus 로고
    • Unconscious anxiety”: Phobic responses to masked stimuli
    • Ohman, A. (1994). “Unconscious anxiety”: Phobic responses to masked stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 103: 231–240.
    • (1994) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.103 , pp. 231-240
    • Ohman, A.1
  • 82
    • 0021711279 scopus 로고
    • Effects of subliminal activation of Oedipal fantasies on competitive performance
    • Palumbo, R., & Gillman, I. (1984). Effects of subliminal activation of Oedipal fantasies on competitive performance. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 172: 737–741.
    • (1984) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.172 , pp. 737-741
    • Palumbo, R.1    Gillman, I.2
  • 83
    • 0002305828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological defense: Contemporary theory and research
    • (in press) ed. R, Hogan, J. Johnson, & S.R. Briggs. San Diego: Academic Press
    • Paulhus, D., Fridhandler, B., & Hayes, S. (in press). Psychological defense: Contemporary theory and research. In Handbook of Personality Psychology, ed. R, Hogan, J. Johnson, & S.R. Briggs. San Diego: Academic Press.
    • Handbook of Personality Psychology
    • Paulhus, D.1    Fridhandler, B.2    Hayes, S.3
  • 84
    • 0001112474 scopus 로고
    • Stream of consciousness and stress: Levels of thinking
    • ed. J.S. Uleman & J.A. Bargh New York: Guilford Press
    • Pennebaker, J. (1989). Stream of consciousness and stress: Levels of thinking. In Unintended Thought, ed. J.S. Uleman & J.A. Bargh New York: Guilford Press, pp. 327–350.
    • (1989) Unintended Thought , pp. 327-350
    • Pennebaker, J.1
  • 85
    • 0024566312 scopus 로고
    • An empirical study of defense mechanisms
    • I. Clinical interview and life vignette ratings
    • Perry, J. C., & Cooper, S. H. (1989). An empirical study of defense mechanisms: I. Clinical interview and life vignette ratings. Archives of General Psychiatry 46: 444–460.
    • (1989) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 444-460
    • Perry, J.C.1    Cooper, S.H.2
  • 87
    • 21744445017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connectionism, parallel constraint satisfaction processes, and Gestalt principles: (Re)introducing cognitive dynamics to social psychology
    • Read, S. J., Vanman, E. J., & Miller, L. C. (1997). Connectionism, parallel constraint satisfaction processes, and Gestalt principles: (Re)introducing cognitive dynamics to social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review 1: 26–53.
    • (1997) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.1 , pp. 26-53
    • Read, S.J.1    Vanman, E.J.2    Miller, L.C.3
  • 88
    • 3042994467 scopus 로고
    • The cognitive unconscious: An evolutionary perspective
    • Reber, A. (1992). The cognitive unconscious: An evolutionary perspective. Consciousness and Cognition 1: 93–133.
    • (1992) Consciousness and Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 93-133
    • Reber, A.1
  • 90
    • 0011037009 scopus 로고
    • A more appropriate test of the Kuhnian displacement thesis
    • Robins, R. W., & Craik, K. (1994). A more appropriate test of the Kuhnian displacement thesis. American Psychologist 49: 815–816.
    • (1994) American Psychologist , vol.49 , pp. 815-816
    • Robins, R.W.1    Craik, K.2
  • 91
    • 0025486147 scopus 로고
    • Implicit memory: Retention without remembering
    • Roediger, H. L. (1990). Implicit memory: Retention without remembering. American Psychologist 45: 1043–1056.
    • (1990) American Psychologist , vol.45 , pp. 1043-1056
    • Roediger, H.L.1
  • 92
    • 0040619808 scopus 로고
    • A Q-sort approach to identifying defenses
    • ed. G. Vaillant. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press
    • Roston, D., Lee, K., & Vaillant, G. (1992). A Q-sort approach to identifying defenses. In Ego Mechanisms of Defense: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers, ed. G. Vaillant. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press, pp. 217–233.
    • (1992) Ego Mechanisms of Defense: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers , pp. 217-233
    • Roston, D.1    Lee, K.2    Vaillant, G.3
  • 94
    • 0026845940 scopus 로고
    • Understanding implicit memory: A cognitive neuroscience approach
    • Schacter, D. L. (1992). Understanding implicit memory: A cognitive neuroscience approach. American Psychologist 47: 559–569.
    • (1992) American Psychologist , vol.47 , pp. 559-569
    • Schacter, D.L.1
  • 97
    • 0025424432 scopus 로고
    • Adolescent drug use and psychological health: A longitudinal inquiry
    • Shedler, J., & Block, J. (1990). Adolescent drug use and psychological health: A longitudinal inquiry. American Psychologist 45: 612–630.
    • (1990) American Psychologist , vol.45 , pp. 612-630
    • Shedler, J.1    Block, J.2
  • 99
    • 0029586150 scopus 로고
    • Is psychoanalysis one science, two sciences, or no science at all? A discourse among friendly antagonists
    • Shevrin, H. (1995). Is psychoanalysis one science, two sciences, or no science at all? A discourse among friendly antagonists. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 43: 963–986.
    • (1995) Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association , vol.43 , pp. 963-986
    • Shevrin, H.1
  • 100
    • 0000697993 scopus 로고
    • The psychological unconscious: A necessary assumption for all psychological theory?
    • Shevrin, H., & Dickman, S. (1980). The psychological unconscious: A necessary assumption for all psychological theory? American Psychologist 35: 421–434.
    • (1980) American Psychologist , vol.35 , pp. 421-434
    • Shevrin, H.1    Dickman, S.2
  • 102
    • 0022310501 scopus 로고
    • Mommy and I are one: Implications for psychotherapy
    • Silverman, L, & Weinberger, J. (1985). Mommy and I are one: Implications for psychotherapy. American Psychologist 12: 1296–1308.
    • (1985) American Psychologist , vol.12 , pp. 1296-1308
    • Silverman, L.1    Weinberger, J.2
  • 103
    • 0026719963 scopus 로고
    • Ambivalence and defense: Effects of a repressive style on normal adolescents' and young adults' mixed feelings
    • Sincoff, J. (1992). Ambivalence and defense: Effects of a repressive style on normal adolescents' and young adults' mixed feelings. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 101: 251–256.
    • (1992) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.101 , pp. 251-256
    • Sincoff, J.1
  • 104
    • 0002239226 scopus 로고
    • Perceptogenesis: A process perspective on perception-personality
    • ed. L. Wheeler. London: Sage
    • Smith, G.J.W., & Westerlundh, B. (1980). Perceptogenesis: A process perspective on perception-personality. In Review of Personality and Social Psychology, ed. L. Wheeler. London: Sage, pp. 94–124.
    • (1980) Review of Personality and Social Psychology , pp. 94-124
    • Smith, G.J.W.1    Westerlundh, B.2
  • 105
    • 0026026026 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effectiveness of behavioral versus insight-oriented marital therapy: A 4–year follow-up study
    • Snyder, D. K., Wills, R. M., & Grady-Fletcher, A. (1991). Long-term effectiveness of behavioral versus insight-oriented marital therapy: A 4–year follow-up study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 59: 138–141.
    • (1991) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 138-141
    • Snyder, D.K.1    Wills, R.M.2    Grady-Fletcher, A.3
  • 107
    • 0024404440 scopus 로고
    • Effect of psychosocial treatment on survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer
    • Spiegel, D., Bloom, J. H., Kraemer, H. C., & Gottheil, E. (1989). Effect of psychosocial treatment on survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Lancet 11: 888–891.
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.11 , pp. 888-891
    • Spiegel, D.1    Bloom, J.H.2    Kraemer, H.C.3    Gottheil, E.4
  • 108
    • 0022639880 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of memory
    • Squire, L. R. (1986). Mechanisms of memory. Science 232: 1612–1619.
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 1612-1619
    • Squire, L.R.1
  • 109
    • 0004034217 scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • Squire, L. R. (1987). Memory and Brain. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1987) Memory and Brain
    • Squire, L.R.1
  • 110
    • 0025994795 scopus 로고
    • The medial temporal lobe memory system
    • Squire, L. R., & Zola-Morgan, S. (1991). The medial temporal lobe memory system. Science 253: 1380–1386.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 1380-1386
    • Squire, L.R.1    Zola-Morgan, S.2
  • 111
    • 0031155092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance
    • Steele, C. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist 52: 613–629.
    • (1997) American Psychologist , vol.52 , pp. 613-629
    • Steele, C.1
  • 113
    • 0000838862 scopus 로고
    • Episodic and semantic memory
    • ed. E. Tulving & W. Donaldson New York: Academic Press
    • Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In Organization of Memory, ed. E. Tulving & W. Donaldson New York: Academic Press, pp. 381–403.
    • (1972) Organization of Memory , pp. 381-403
    • Tulving, E.1
  • 117
    • 0021876919 scopus 로고
    • Maturity of defenses in relation to DSM-III Axis II personality disorders
    • Vaillant, G., & Drake, R. (1985). Maturity of defenses in relation to DSM-III Axis II personality disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 42: 597–601.
    • (1985) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.42 , pp. 597-601
    • Vaillant, G.1    Drake, R.2
  • 118
    • 0029301654 scopus 로고
    • Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: A meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview
    • Van Ijzendoorn, M. (1995). Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: A meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychological Bulletin 117: 387–403.
    • (1995) Psychological Bulletin , vol.117 , pp. 387-403
    • Van Ijzendoorn, M.1
  • 119
    • 33846011559 scopus 로고
    • You can't always think what you want: Problems in the suppression of unwanted thoughts
    • Wegner, D. (1992). You can't always think what you want: Problems in the suppression of unwanted thoughts. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 25: 193–225.
    • (1992) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 193-225
    • Wegner, D.1
  • 121
    • 0021325532 scopus 로고
    • Epinephrine enables Pavlovian fear conditioning under anesthesia
    • Weinberg, N. M., Gold, RE., & Sternberg, D. B. (1984). Epinephrine enables Pavlovian fear conditioning under anesthesia. Science 223: 605–607.
    • (1984) Science , vol.223 , pp. 605-607
    • Weinberg, N.M.1    Gold, R.E.2    Sternberg, D.B.3
  • 122
    • 0001601410 scopus 로고
    • The construct validity of the repressive coping style
    • ed. J. Singer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Weinberger, D. (1990). The construct validity of the repressive coping style. In Repression and Dissociation, ed. J. Singer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 337–386.
    • (1990) Repression and Dissociation , pp. 337-386
    • Weinberger, D.1
  • 125
    • 0025603104 scopus 로고
    • Subliminal activation: separating science from myth in subliminal psychodynamic activation
    • Weinberger, J. (n.d.). & Hardaway, R. (1990). Subliminal activation: separating science from myth in subliminal psychodynamic activation. Clinical Psychology Review 10: 727–756.
    • (1990) Clinical Psychology Review , vol.10 , pp. 727-756
    • Weinberger, J.1    Hardaway, R.2
  • 126
    • 0347113294 scopus 로고
    • Social cognition and object relations
    • Westen, D. (1991). Social cognition and object relations. Psychological Bulletin 109: 429–455.
    • (1991) Psychological Bulletin , vol.109 , pp. 429-455
    • Westen, D.1
  • 127
    • 84989656800 scopus 로고
    • Toward an integrative model of affect regulation: Applications to social-psychological research
    • Westen, D. (1994). Toward an integrative model of affect regulation: Applications to social-psychological research. Journal of Personality 62: 641–647.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality , vol.62 , pp. 641-647
    • Westen, D.1
  • 128
    • 0030861775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a clinically and empirically sensible theory of motivation
    • Westen, D. (1997). Toward a clinically and empirically sensible theory of motivation. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 78: 521–548.
    • (1997) International Journal of Psycho-Analysis , vol.78 , pp. 521-548
    • Westen, D.1
  • 129
    • 0032265201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a psycho-dynamically informed psychological science
    • Westen, D. (1998a). The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a psycho-dynamically informed psychological science. Psychological Bulletin 124: 333–371.
    • (1998) Psychological Bulletin , vol.124 , pp. 333-371
    • Westen, D.1
  • 130
    • 0009871537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unconscious thought, feeling, and motivation: The end of a century-old debate
    • ed. R. Bornstein & J. Masling. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press
    • Westen, D. (1998b). Unconscious thought, feeling, and motivation: The end of a century-old debate. In Empirical perspectives on the Psychoanalytic Unconscious. Empirical Studies of Psychoanalytic Theories, Vol. 7, ed. R. Bornstein & J. Masling. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press, pp. 1–43.
    • (1998) Empirical perspectives on the Psychoanalytic Unconscious. Empirical Studies of Psychoanalytic Theories , vol.7 , pp. 1-43
    • Westen, D.1
  • 131
    • 84992852749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a clinically and empirically sensible theory of thinking
    • From cognitive neuroscience and connectionism to conflict and compromise. Unpublished manuscript, Harvard Medical School
    • Westen, D. (1999). Toward a clinically and empirically sensible theory of thinking, Part 1: From cognitive neuroscience and connectionism to conflict and compromise. Unpublished manuscript, Harvard Medical School.
    • (1999)
    • Westen, D.1
  • 132
    • 0006942477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological issues in research using projective techniques
    • 2nd ed., ed. P.C. Kendall, J.N. Butcher, & G. Holmbeck New York: Wiley
    • Westen, D. Feit, A., & Zittel, C. (1999). Methodological issues in research using projective techniques. In Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology, 2nd ed., ed. P.C. Kendall, J.N. Butcher, & G. Holmbeck New York: Wiley, pp. 224–240.
    • (1999) Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology , pp. 224-240
    • Westen, D.1    Feit, A.2    Zittel, C.3
  • 133
    • 84992852749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a clinically and empirically sensible theory of thinking
    • Implications for theories of transference. Unpublished manuscript, Harvard Medical School
    • Westen, D. Feit, A., & Zittel, C. & Gabbard, G. (1999). Toward a clinically and empirically sensible theory of thinking, Part 2: Implications for theories of transference. Unpublished manuscript, Harvard Medical School.
    • (1999)
    • Westen, D.1    Feit, A.2    Zittel, C.3    Gabbard, G.4
  • 134
    • 0003312647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychoanalytic approaches to personality
    • 2nd ed., ed. L. Previn & O. John New York: Guilford Press
    • Westen, D. Feit, A., Zittel, C. & Gabbard, G. (1999). Psychoanalytic approaches to personality. In Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, 2nd ed., ed. L. Previn & O. John New York: Guilford Press, pp. 57–101.
    • (1999) Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research , pp. 57-101
    • Westen, D.1    Feit, A.2    Zittel, C.3    Gabbard, G.4
  • 135
    • 27844516650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How empirically valid are empirically validated therapies?
    • Unpublished manuscript, Harvard Medical School
    • Westen, D. & Morrison, K. (1999). How empirically valid are empirically validated therapies? Unpublished manuscript, Harvard Medical School.
    • (1999)
    • Westen, D.1    Morrison, K.2
  • 136
    • 0030958855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affect regulation and affective experience: Individual differences, group differences, and measurement using a Q-sort procedure
    • Westen, D. Muderrisoglu, S., Fowler, C, Shedler, J., & Koren, D. (1997). Affect regulation and affective experience: Individual differences, group differences, and measurement using a Q-sort procedure. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 65: 429–439.
    • (1997) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 429-439
    • Westen, D.1    Muderrisoglu, S.2    Fowler, C.3    Shedler, J.4    Koren, D.5
  • 137
    • 0027942769 scopus 로고
    • Recall of childhood trauma: A prospective study of women's memories of child sexual abuse
    • Williams, L. M. (1994). Recall of childhood trauma: A prospective study of women's memories of child sexual abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62: 1167–1176.
    • (1994) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 1167-1176
    • Williams, L.M.1
  • 139
    • 0026110450 scopus 로고
    • Thinking too much: Introspection can reduce the quality of perences and decisions
    • Wilson, T. D., & Schooler, J. W. (1991). Thinking too much: Introspection can reduce the quality of perences and decisions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60: 181–192.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 181-192
    • Wilson, T.D.1    Schooler, J.W.2
  • 141
    • 0038991487 scopus 로고
    • Unobtrusive induction of positive attitudes
    • Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan
    • Wilson, W.R. (1975). Unobtrusive induction of positive attitudes. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.
    • (1975)
    • Wilson, W.R.1
  • 142
    • 0028009667 scopus 로고
    • Conscious and nonconscious processes: An ERP index of an anticipatory response in a conditioning paradigm using visually masked stimuli
    • Wong, R, Shevrin, H., & Williams, W. J. (1994). Conscious and nonconscious processes: An ERP index of an anticipatory response in a conditioning paradigm using visually masked stimuli. Psychophysiology 31: 87–101.
    • (1994) Psychophysiology , vol.31 , pp. 87-101
    • Wong, R.1    Shevrin, H.2    Williams, W.J.3
  • 144
    • 45449083916 scopus 로고
    • Feeling and thinking: Perences need no inferences
    • Zajonc, R. (1980). Feeling and thinking: Perences need no inferences. American Psychologist 35: 151–175.
    • (1980) American Psychologist , vol.35 , pp. 151-175
    • Zajonc, R.1
  • 145
    • 85079299080 scopus 로고
    • Attribution and misattribution of excitatory reactions
    • ed. J.H. Harvey, W. Ickes, & R.F. Kidd Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Zillmann, D. (1978). Attribution and misattribution of excitatory reactions. In New Directions in Attribution Research, Vol. 2, ed. J.H. Harvey, W. Ickes, & R.F. Kidd Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1978) New Directions in Attribution Research , vol.2
    • Zillmann, D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.