Effects of clouds, soil moisture, precipitation, and water vapor on diurnal temperature range

Journal of Climate

Volumn 12, Issue 8 PART 2, 1999, Pages 2451-2473

  Dai, Aiguo ^a   Trenberth, Kevin E ^a   Karl, Thomas R ^b  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b NOAA NATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; CLOUD COVER; DIURNAL VARIATION; ENERGY FLUX; SOIL MOISTURE;

EID: 0033172576     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2451:eocsmp>2.0.co;2     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Betts, A. K., and J. H. Ball, 1998: FIFE surface climate and site-average dataset: 1987-1989. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1091-1108.
2. Bradley, R. S., H. F. Diaz, J. K. Eischeid, P. D. Jones, P. M. Kelly, and C. M. Goodess, 1987: Precipitation fluctuation over Northern Hemisphere land areas since the mid-19th century. Science, 237, 171-175.
3. Campbell, G. G., and T. H. Vonder Haar, 1997: Comparison of surface temperature minimum and maximum and satellite measured cloudiness and radiation budget. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16 639-16 645.
4. 2 climates. J. Climate, 5, 920-943.
5. Dai, A., A. D. Del Genio, and I. Fung, 1997a: Clouds, precipitation, and temperature range. Nature, 386, 665-666.
6. _, I. Y. Fung, and A. D. Del Genio, 1997b: Surface observed global land precipitation variations during 1900-88. J. Climate, 10, 2943-2962.
7. _, K. E. Trenberth, and T. R. Karl, 1998: Global variations in droughts and wet spells: 1900-1995. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3367-3370.
8. _, F. Giorgi, and K. E. Trenberth, 1999: Observed and model simulated precipitation diurnal cycle over the contiguous United States. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6377-6402.
9. Dessens, J., and A. Bücher, 1995: Changes in minimum and maximum temperatures at the Pic du Midi in relation with humidity and cloudiness. Atmos. Res., 37, 147-162.
10. Diaz, H. F., R. S. Bradley, and J. K. Eischeid, 1989: Precipitation fluctuations over global land areas since the late 1800's. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1195-1210.
11. Dignon, J., and S. Hameed, 1989: Global emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides in fossil fuel combustion from 1860 to 1980. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 39, 180-186.
12. Easterling, D. R., and Coauthors, 1997: Maximum and minimum temperature trends for the globe. Science, 277, 364-367.
13. Ebisuzaki, W., 1997: A method to estimate the statistical significance of a correlation when the data are serially correlated. J. Climate, 10, 2147-2153.
14. Fung, I. Y., D. E. Harrison, and A. A. Lacis, 1984: On the variability of the net longwave radiation at the ocean surface. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 22, 177-193.
15. Hahn, C. J., S. G. Warren, and J. London, 1996: Edited synoptic cloud reports from ships and land stations over the globe, 1982-1991. Tech. Rep. NDP-026B, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 45 pp. [Available from CDIAC, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831.]
16. Hair, J. F., Jr., R. E. Anderson, and R. L. Tatham, 1987: Multivariate Data Analysis. 2d ed. Macmillan Publishing Company, 449 pp.
17. Hameed, S., and J. Dignon, 1992: Global emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides in fossil fuel combustion 1970-1986. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 42, 159-163.
18. Hansen, J., M. Sato, and R. Ruedy, 1995: Long-term changes of the diurnal temperature cycle: Implications about mechanisms of global climate change. Atmos. Res., 37, 175-210.
19. Henderson-Sellers, A., 1989: North American total cloud amount variations this century. Global Planet. Change, 75, 175-194.
20. _, 1992: Continental cloudiness changes this century. Geo J., 27, 255-262.
21. Horton, E. B., 1995: The geographical distribution of changes in maximum and minimum temperatures. Atmos. Res., 37, 101-117.
22. Houghton, J. T., L. G. Meira Filho, B. A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell, Eds., 1996: Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 572 pp.
23. Hurrell, J. W., 1995: Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional temperatures and precipitation. Science, 269, 676-679.
24. Jones, P. A., and A. Henderson-Sellers, 1992: Historical records of cloudiness and sunshine in Australia. J. Climate, 5, 260-267.
25. Jones, P. D., 1995: Maximum and minimum temperature trends in Ireland, Italy, Thailand, Turkey, and Bangladesh. Atmos. Res., 37, 67-78.
26. Kaas, E., and P. Frich, 1995: Diurnal temperature range and cloud cover in the Nordic countries: Observed trends and estimates for the future. Atmos. Res., 37, 211-228.
27. Kaiser, D. P., 1998: Analysis of monthly mean cloud amount for China: 1951-1994. Preprints, Ninth Symp. on Global Change Studies, Phoenix, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 168-172.
28. Karl, T. R., and P. M. Steurer, 1990: Increased cloudiness in the United States during the first half of the twentieth century: Fact or fiction? Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1925-1928.
29. _, and Coauthors, 1993: Asymmetric trends of daily maximum and minimum temperature. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 1007-1023.
30. _, R. W. Knight, G. Kukla, and J. Gavin, 1996: Evidence for radiative effects of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols in the observed climate record. Aerosol Forcing of Climate, R. Charlson and J. Heintzenberg, Eds., Wiley & Sons, 363-382.
31. Kukla, G., and T. R. Karl, 1993: Nighttime warming and the greenhouse effect. Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 1468-1474.
32. Mitchell, J. F. B., R. A. Davis, W. J. Ingram, and C. A. Senior, 1995: On surface temperature, greenhouse gases, and aerosols: Models and observations. J. Climate, 8, 2364-2386.
33. Peterson, T. C., and R. S. Vose, 1997: An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network temperature data base. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2837-2849.
34. Plantico, M. S., and T. R. Karl, 1990: Is recent climate change across the United States related to rising levels of anthropogenic greenhouse gases? J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16617-16637.
35. Power, S., F. Tseitkin, S. Torok, B. Lavery, R. Dahni, and B. McAvaney, 1998: Australian temperature, Australian rainfall and the Southern Oscillation, 1910-1992: Coherent variability and recent changes. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 47, 85-101.
36. 2 and aerosols: Forcings and feedbacks. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 26211-26227.
37. Trenberth, K. E., 1991: Storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2159-2178.
38. Wang, W., and Q. Shi, 1991: Analysis of the formation of air pollution and acid rain in China. Proc. Second IUAPPA Regional Conf. on Air Pollution, Vol. 2, Seoul, Korea, Korea Air Pollution Research Association, 49-56.
39. Zhang, Y.-C., W. B. Rossow, and A. A. Lacis, 1995: Calculation of surface and top of atmosphere radiative fluxes from physical quantities based on ISCCP data sets. Part 1: Methods and sensitivity to input data uncertainties. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1149-1165.