Genetic factors in anorexia nervosa

European Psychiatry

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 189-198

  Kipman, A ^a,c   Gorwood, P ^b,c   Mouren Simeoni M C ^a,b   Ades J ^b,c  

^a HÔPITAL ROBERT DEBRÉ   (France)

^b CNRS UMR 7593 Vulnerabilite Adaptation et Psychopathologie   (France)

^c HÔPITAL LOUIS MOURIER   (France)

Author keywords

Anorexia nervosa; Bulimia; Familial studies; Genetics; Heritability; Twin studies

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOLISM; ANOREXIA NERVOSA; BULIMIA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DIZYGOTIC TWINS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FAMILIAL DISEASE; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; HEREDITY; HERITABILITY; HUMAN; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; MOOD DISORDER; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 0033167832     PISSN: 09249338     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0924-9338(99)80741-X     Document Type: Review

References (126)

1. Alsen V. Über den heiverlauf der anorexia nervosa unter psychopharmakologisher behandlung. Der Nervenartz 1965; 36: 406-9.
2. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-III-R: diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington DC: APA; 1990.
3. Aoyama A, Okada R, Sugiyama S, Segawa Y, Sarai K. A case of anorexia nervosa observed in one monozygotic twin. Clin Psychiatr 1985; 27: 437-44.
4. Askevold F, Heiberg A. Anorexia nervosa: two cases in discordant MZ twins. Psychother Psychosom 1979; 32: 223-8.
5. Beumont PJV. Further categorization of patients with anorexia nervosa. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1978; 11: 223-6.
6. Biederman J, Rivinus T, Kemper K, Hamilton D, McFayden J, Harmatz J. Depressive disorders in relatives of anorexia nervosa patients with and without a current episode of non-bipolar major depression. Clin Res Report 1985; 142: 1495-7.
7. Bliss EL, Branch CHH. Anorexia nervosa: its history, psychology and biology. New York: Paul Hoeber; 1960.
8. Blundell JE, Hill J. Serotonin, eating disorders and the satiety cascade. In: Cassano CB, Akiskal HS, eds. Serotonin related psychiatric syndromes: clinical and therapeutic links. Royal Society of Medicine, services international congress and symposium, series No. 165. London: Royal Society of Medicine; 1991. p. 1259.
9. Bom F. Simmonds syndrome in a pair of monozygotic twins (Danish). Nord Med 1940; 8: 2506.
10. Boyard RM, Katz J, Finkelstein JW, Kapen S, Weiner H, Weitzman ED, et al. Anorexia nervosa: immaturity of the 24 h leuteinzing hormone secretory pattern. N Engl J Med 1974; 291: 861-5.
11. Brewerton TD, Jimerson DC. Studies of serotonin function in anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 1996; 62: 31-42.
12. Brinch M. Short stature as a possible etiological factor in anorexia nervosa. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987; 76: 328-32.
13. Bruch H. The insignificant difference: discordant incidence of anorexia nervosa in monozygotic twins. Am J Psychiatry 1969; 126: 85-90.
14. Bruch H. Eating disorders: obesity, anorexia nervosa and the person within. New York: Basic Books; 1973.
15. Bruins-Slot L, Gorwood P, Bouvard M, Blot P, Adès J, Feingold J, et al. Lack of association between anorexia nervosa and D3 dopamine receptor gene. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 43: 76-8.
16. Campbell D, Sundaramurthy D, Markham A, Pieri L. Lack of association between 5-HTA gene promoter polymorphism and susceptibility to anorexia nervosa. Lancet 1998; 351: 499.
17. Cantwell DP, Sturzenberger S, Burroughs J, Salkin B, Green JK. Anorexia nervosa: an affective disorder? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977; 34: 1087-93.
18. Collier D, Arranz M, Li T, Mupita D, Brown P, Treasure J. Association between the 5-HT2A gene promoter polymorphism and anorexia nervosa. Lancet 1997; 350: 412.
19. Cowen PJ, Clifford EM, Walsh AES, Williams C, Fairburn CG. Moderate dieting causes 5-HT2c receptor supersensitivity. Psychol Med 1996; 26: 1155-9.
20. Crisp AH. Anorexia nervosa in an identical twin. Post Grad Med J 1966; 42: 86.
21. Crisp AH, Hsu LFG, Harding B, Hartshorn J. Clinical features of anorexia nervosa. A study of a consecutive series of 102 female patients. J Psychosom Res 1980; 24: 179-91.
22. Curzon G, Joseph M, Knott P. Effects of immobilization and food deprivation on the rat brain tryptophan metabolism. J Neurochem 1972; 19: 1967-74.
23. Dally P. Anorexia nervosa. London: William Heineman Medical Books; 1969. p. 1-137.
24. Danowski TS, Livstone E, Gonzales AR, Jung Y, Khurana RC. Fractional and partial hypopituitarism in anorexia nervosa. Hormones 1972; 3: 105-18.
25. Debow SL. Identical twins concordant for anorexia nervosa. Can Psychiatr Assoc J 1975; 20: 215-7.
26. Démoulin C, Patris M. Anorexie mentale et géméllité. A propos de deux observations. Feuillets Psychiatr 1970; 3: 50-5.
27. Dickens JA. Concurrence of Turner's syndrome and anorexia nervosa. Br J Psychiatry 1970; 117: 237.
28. Dinicola V. Anorexia multiform: self-starvation in historical and culture-reactive syndrome. Trans Psychiatr Res Rev 1990; 27: 245-86.
29. Dowson JH. Anorexia nervosa in a male identical twin. Br J Clin Pract 1977; 31: 80-1.
30. Dührssen A. Zur problem der psychogenen Ess-störung. Psyche 1950; 4: 56-72.
31. ElBadaway MH, Cliffe MJ, James PT. A monozygotic twin pair discordant for anorexia nervosa. Can J Psychiatry 1985; 30: 544-5.
32. Enoch MA, Kaye W, Rotondo A, Greenberg B, Murphy D, Goldman D. 5-HT2a promoter polymorphism-1438 G/A, anorexia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Lancet 1998; 351: 1785-6.
33. Falconer D. The inheritance of liability to certain diseases, estimated from the incidence among relatives. Ann Hum Genet 1965; 29: 51-76.
34. Foster FG, Kupfer DJ. Anorexia nervosa: telemetric assessment of family interaction and hospital events. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12: 19.
35. Garfinkel PE, Garner D, Rose J, Darby P, Brandes JS, O'Hanlon J, et al. A comparison of characteristics in the families of patients with anorexia nervosa and normal controls. Psychol Med 1983; 13: 821-8.
36. Garfinkel PE, Moldofsky H, Garner D. The heterogeneity of anorexia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980; 37: 1036-40.
37. Gershon ES, Schreiber JL, Hamovit JR, Dibble ED, Kaye W, Nurnberger JL, et al. Clinical findings in patients with anorexia nervosa and affective illness in their relatives. Am J Psychiatry 1984; 141: 1419-984.
38. Gilford S, Mukawski BJ, Pilot ML. Anorexia nervosa in one of identical twins. Int Psychiatr Clin 1970; 7: 139-228.
39. Gorwood P, Adès J, Parmentier G. Anorexia nervosa in one monozygotic twin [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 708.
40. Gorwood P, Bouvard M, Mouren-Siméoni MC, Kipman A, Adès J. Genetics of anorexia nervosa: a review of candidate genes. Psychiatr Genet 1998; 8: 1-12.
41. Gupta K, Sivakumar K. Anorexia nervosa and tuberculosis: case reports and a review of immune mechanisms. Int J Eat Disord 1994; 15: 301-4.
42. Hall A, Leibrich J, Walkley F, Welsh G. Investigation of weight pathology of 58 mothers of anorexia nervosa patients and 204 mothers of schoolgirls. Psychol Med 1986; 16: 71-6.
43. Hall P. Anorexic siblings [letter]. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 164: 268-9.
44. Halmi K, Brodland G. Monozygotic twins concordant and discordant for anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1973 3: 521-4.
45. Heils A, Teufel A, Petri S, Stöber G, Riederer P, Bengel D, et al. Allelic variation of human serotonin transporter gene expression. J Neurochem 1996; 66: 2621-4.
46. Herpertz-Dahlmann B. Familiäre belastungen mit affektiven erkrankungen von patienten mit anorexia nervosa. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiat 1988; 16: 14-9.
47. Hinney A, Ziegler A, Nothen M, Remschmidt H, Hebebrand J. HT2A receptor gene polymorphism, anorexia nervosa, and obesity. Lancet 1997; 350: 1324-5.
48. Hoek HW. Review of the epidemiological studies of eating disorders. Int Rev Psychiatry 1993; 5: 61-74.
49. Hoffmann F, Kind H. Ein eineiiges Zwillingspaar diskordant für Anorexia nervosa. kasuitischer Beitrag zur Pathogenese. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiat 1980; 29: 292-8.
50. Holland AJ, Hall A, Murray R, Russell GFM, Crisp AH. Anorexia nervosa: a study of 34 pairs of twins and one set of triplets. Br J Psychiatry 1984; 145: 414-9.
51. Hsu LK, Holder D, Hindmarsh D, Phelps C. Bipolar illness preceded by anorexia nervosa in identical twins. J Clin Psychiatry 1984; 45: 262-6.
52. Hudson JI, Pope HG, Jonas JM, Yurgelun-Todd D. A family history of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Br J Psychiatry 1983; 142: 133-8.
53. Hudson JI, Pope H, Jonas JM. Psychosis in anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Br J Psychiatry 1984; 145: 420-3.
54. Jensen L. Anorexia nervosa. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1968; 203 Suppl: 113-6.
55. Jones DL, Fox MM, Babigian HM, Hutton HE. Epidemiology of anorexia nervosa in Monroe County, New York: 1960-1976. Psychosom Med 1985; 42: 551-8.
56. Kasperowicz-Dabrowiecka A, Popek L, Jaskólska D, Mikolajczyk-Kant B, Banach-Wawrzyniak H, Rybakowski J. Anorexia nervosa in monozygotic twins: case report. Psychiatr Pol 1996; 30: 939-52.
57. Kasset JA, Gershon ES, Maxwell ME, Guroff JJ, Kazuba DM, Smith AL, et al. Psychiatric disorders in the first degree relatives of probands with bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146: 1468-71.
58. Kay DWK, Leigh D. The natural history, treatment and prognosis of anorexia nervosa based on a study of 38 patients. J Mental Sci 1954; 100: 411-31.
59. Kay D. Anorexia Nervosa, obsessional behavior and serotonin. Psychopharmacol Bull 1997; 33: 335-44.
60. Kidd CB, Wood JF. Some observations on anorexia nervosa. Postgrad Med J 1966; 42: 443-8.
61. Klotz HP, Balier CL, Javal I. Un cas d'anorexie mentale chez une jumelle homozygote. Ann Med Psychol 1961; 119: 582-3.
62. Koluch J, Davidova M. On the problems of mental anorexia. Acta Paedopsychiat 1962; 29: 348.
63. Lappalainen J, Zhang L, Dean M, Oz M, Ozaki N, Da-Hong Y, et al. Identification, expression and pharmacology of a cys23-ser23 substitution in the human 5-HT2C receptor gene (HTR2C). Genomics 1995; 27: 274-9.
64. Lassègue C. On hysterical anorexia. Med Times Gazette 1873; September 27: 367-9.
65. Levy DN. Maternal overprotection. Psychiatry 1938; 1: 561.
66. Levy AB, Dixon KN. The relationship between anorexia nervosa and depression: a reevaluation. Int J Eating Disord 1985; 4: 38-40.
67. Lilenfeld L, Kaye W, Greeno C, Merikangas K, Ploticov K, Pollice C, et al. A controlled family study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: psychiatric disorders in first degree relatives and effects of proband comorbidity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55: 603-10.
68. Logue CM, Crowe PR, Bean JA. A family study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Compr Psychiatry 1989; 30: 179-88.
69. Macguffin P, Katz R. Nature, nurture and affective disorder. In: Deakin JFW, ed. The biology of depression. London: Gaskell Press; 1986.
70. Maloney MJ, Shepahrd-Spiro P. Eating attitudes and behaviors of anorexia nervosa patients and their sisters. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1983; 5: 285-8.
71. Mele L, Farias M, Nanni S, Ansaldi E, Troielli F, Scaglione L, et al. Changes in feeding behavior in anorexic individuals. Description of two clinical cases. Minerva Med 1990; 81: 27-34.
72. Meyer JE. Das Syndrom der Anorexia Nervosa; Katanestische Untersuchungen Archly fuer Pschyschiatrie und Nervenkrankheiren und Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte. Neurol Psychiatr 1961; 202: 31-59.
73. Michaud L, Gallot H, Benoit P. De la réduction alimentaire délibérée à l'anorexie intentieonelle. Première communication à propos d'une observation gémellaire. Rev Neuropsychiatr Infantile Hygiène Ment Enfance 1956; 5: 205-12.
74. Moore DC. Amitriptyline therapy in anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 1977; 134: 1303-4.
75. Morgan HG, Russel GFM. Value of family background and clinical features as 76 predictors of long-term outcome in anorexia nervosa. Four years follow-up study of 41 patients. Psychol Med 1975; 5: 355.
76. Mormont C, Demoulin C. La personnalité d'une anorexique mentale et de sa jumelle monozygote. Acta Psychiatr Belg 1971; 71: 477-87.
77. Moskovitz RA, Belar C, Dingus CM. Anorexia nervosa in identical twins. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1982; 33: 484-5.
78. Needleman HL, Waber D. Amitriptyline in patients with anorexia nervosa. Lancet 1976; 2: 580.
79. Neki JS, Mohan D, Sood RK. Anorexia nervosa in a monozygotic twin pair. J Indian Med Ass 1977; 68: 98-100.
80. Nemeth JM. Anorexia nervosa in one DZ twin pair. Psychiatr Forum 1977; 7: 45-50.
81. Nowlin NS. Anorexia nervosa in twins. Case report and review. J Child Psychiatry 1983; 44: 101-5.
82. Ozaki N, Lappalainen J, Dean M, Virkunnen M, Linnoila M, Goldman D. Mapping of the serotonin 5-HT1Da autoreceptor gene (HTR1D) on chromosome 1 using a silent polymorphism in the coding region. Am J Med Genet 1995; 60: 162-4.
83. Pyle RL, Mitchell JE, Eckert ED. Bulimia: a report of 34 cases. J Clin Psychiatry 1981; 42: 60-4.
84. Philip E, Pirke KM, Kellner MB, Kreig JC. Disturbed cholecystokinin secretion in patients with eating disorders. Life Sci 1991; 48: 2443-50.
85. Reich T, James JW, Morris CA. The use of multiple thresholds in determining the mode of transmission of semi-continuous traits. Ann Hum Genet 1972; 36: 163-83.
86. Rivinius TM, Biederman J, Herzog DB. Anorexia nervosa and affective disorders: a controlled family history study. Am J Psychiatry 1984; 141: 1414-8.
87. Roberts N, Zendel I. Anorexia nervosa: two cases of male-female dizygotic adolescent twins [letter]. Can J Psychiatry 1996; 41: 316-7.
88. Rota G, Zappalà G, Mastrapasqua G, Costa F, Ferlin G. Endocrine function in anorexia nervosa occurring simultaneously in identical twins. Minerva Endocrinol 1986; 11: 211-6.
89. Rotondo A, Schuebel KE, Nielsen DA, Michelli S, Lezza A, Coli E, et al. Tryptophan hydroxylase promoter polymorphisms and anorexia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 42: 99.
90. Rutherford J, McGuffin P, Katz RJ, Murray RM. Genetic influences on eating attitudes in a normal female twin population. Psychol Med 1993; 23: 425-36.
91. Ryle J. Anorexia nervosa. Lancet 1936; ii: 893-9.
92. Schepank HGF. Anorexia nervosa: zwillings kasuistik über ein seltenes krankheitsbild. In: Heigl-Evers A, Shepank H, eds. Ursprunge Seelisch Bedingter Krankheiten, vol 2. Gottingen: Verlag für Medizinische Psychologie in Verlag Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht; 1981.
93. Schmid C, Ritter B. Anorexia nervosa masculina - Konkordanz bei monozygoten zwillingen. Psychiatr Neurol Psychol Leipz 1989; 41: 406-14.
94. Schmid-Ott G, Schmidt J, Lamprecht B. Bericht uber zwei monozygote zwillinspaare konkordant fur anorexia nervosa. Z Psychosom Med Psychoanal 1995; 41: 344-55.
95. Scourfield J. Anorexia by proxy: are the children of anorexic mothers an at-risk group? Int J Eating Disord 1995; 18: 371-4.
96. Shafi M, Salguero C, Finch SM. Anorexie à deux: psychopathology and treatment of anorexia nervosa in latency age children. J Am Acad Child Psychiatr 1975; 14: 617-32.
97. Simmons RC, Kessler MD. Identical twins simultaneously concordant for anorexia nervosa. J Child Psychiatry 1979; 18: 527-36.
98. Simmonds M. Ueber Kachexie hypophysaereb Ursprungs. Deutsche Med Wochenschrift 1916; 42: 190.
99. Smart DE, Beumont PJV, George GCW. Some personality characteristics of patients with anorexia nervosa. Br J Psychiatry 1976; 128: 57.
100. Solyom L, Freeman RJ, Thomas CD, Miles JE. The comparative psychopathology of anorexia nervosa. Obsessive-compulsive disorder or phobia? Int J Eating Disord 1983; 3: 3-14.
101. Sonada J, Hirayama K, Nozoe S, Takayama I. A case of anorexia successfully treated by behavior therapy in outpatient clinic. Jpn J Child Psychiatry 1974; 15: 115-22.
102. Sorbi S, Nacmias B, Tedde A, Ricca V, Mezzani B, Rotella C. 5-HT2a promoter polymorphism in anorexia nervosa. Lancet 1998; 351: 1785.
103. Stallone D, Nivolaidis S, Gibbs J. Cholecystokinin-induced anorexia depends on serotoninergic function. Am J Physiology 1989; 256: 1138-41.
104. Steiger H, Stotland S, Ghadirian F, Whitehead V. Controlled study of eating concerns and psychopathological traits in relatives of eating-disordered probands: do familial traits exist? Int J Eating Disord 1995; 18: 107-18.
105. Steinberg R. Anorexia nervosa and schizophrenia in a pair of monozygotic twins. Psychiatr Clin 1982; 15: 184-205.
106. Stern SL, Dixon KN, Nemzer E, Lake MD, Sansone RA, Smeltzer DJ, et al. Affective disorder in the families of women with normal weight bulimia. Am J Psychiatry 1984; 141: 1224-7.
107. Stern SL, Dixon KN, Sansone RA, Lake MD, Nemzer E, Jones D. Psychoactive substance use disorder in relatives of patients with anorexia nervosa. Comp Psychiatry 1992; 33: 207-12.
108. Strober M, Salkin B, Burroughs J, Morrel W. Validity of the bulimia-restricter distinction in anorexia nervosa: parental personality characteristics and family psychiatric morbidity. J Nerv Ment Dis 1982; 170: 345-51.
109. Strober M, Morrell W, Burroughs J, Salkin B, Jacobs C. A controlled family study of anorexia nervosa. J Psychiatr Res 1985; 19: 239-46.
110. Strober M, Katz J. Depression in the eating disorders: a review and analysis of descriptive, family and biological findings. In: Garner DM, Garfinkel PE, eds. Diagnostic issues in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. New York: Brunner/Mazel; 1988.
111. Strober M, Lampert C, Morrel W, Burroughs J, Jacobs C. A controlled family study of anorexia nervosa: evidence of familial aggregation and lack of shared transmission with affective disorders. Int J Eating Disord 1990; 9: 239-53.
112. Suematsu H, Kuboki T, Ogata E. Anorexia nervosa in monozygotic twins. Psychother Psychosom 1986; 45: 46-50.
113. Suzuki J. Healing mechanism of balneotherapy on gastrointestinal psychosomatic disease. J Jpn Psychosom Soc 1968; 8: 236-40.
114. Szmukler GI. The epidemiology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. J Psychiatr Res 1985; 19: 143-53.
115. Theander S. Anorexia nervosa: a psychiatric investigation of 94 females cases. Acta Psychitr Scand 1970; 214 Suppl: 1-94.
116. Treasure JL, Holland J. Genes and the aetiology of eating disorders. In: Mcguffin P, Murray R, eds. The new genetics of mental illness. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd; 1990. p. 198-211.
117. Vandereycken W, Pierloot R. Anorexia nervosa in twins. Psychother Psychosom 1981; 35: 55-63.
118. Warren JT, Peacock ML, Fink JK. An RsaI polymorphism in the human serotonine receptor gene (HTR1A): detection by DGGE and RFLP analysis. Hum Mol Genet 1992; 1: 778.
119. Warren JT, Peacock ML, Rodriguez LC, Fink JK. MspI polymorphism in the human serotonine receptor gene (HTR2): detection by DGGE and RFLP analysis. Hum Mol Genet 1993; 2: 338.
120. Waters BGH, Beumont PVJ, Touyz S, Kennedy M. Behavioral differences between twin and non-twin female sibling pairs discordant for anorexia nervosa. Int J Eating Disord 1990; 9: 265-73.
121. Werman DS, Katz J. Anorexia nervosa in a pair of identical twins. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1975; 14: 633.
122. Wiener JM. Identical male twins discordant for anorexia nervosa. J Child Psychiatry 1976; 15: 523-34.
123. White JH, Schnaultz NL. Successful treatment of anorexia nervosa with imipramine. Dis Nerv Sys 1977; 38: 567-8.
124. Winokur A, March V, Mendels J. Primary affective disorder in relatives of patients with anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 1980; 137: 695-8.
125. Yamaoka M, Kusakabe Y, Karazawa H. A case of anorexia observed in one monozygotic twin. Clin Psychiatry 1979; 21: 659-65.
126. Ziolko HU. Anorexia nervosa. Fortshrift Neurol Psychiatr 1966; 34: 354.