Speciation and distribution of trihalomethanes in the drinking water of Hong Kong

Environment International

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 605-611

  Yu, Jimmy C ^a   Cheng, Lai nor ^a  

^a CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARCINOGENS; POTABLE WATER; STANDARDS; WATER ANALYSIS; WATER QUALITY;

TRIHALOMETHANES;

WATER TREATMENT;

CHLORINE; DRINKING WATER; TRIHALOMETHANE;

CHLORINE; DRINKING WATER; WATER QUALITY;

ARTICLE; HONG KONG; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RIVER; WATER ANALYSIS; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER SUPPLY; WATER TREATMENT; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

CHINA; HONG KONG;

EID: 0033166748     PISSN: 01604120     EISSN: 18736750     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0160-4120(99)00033-1     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Adams, J.Q.; Clark, R.M. Evaluating the cost of packed-tower aeration and GAC for controlling selected organics. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 83(1): 49-57; 1991.
2. Aoki, T.; Kawakami, K. Continuous-flow method for the determination of total trihalomethane formation potential in waters. Analytica Chimica Acta 261: 335-338; 1992.
3. Backlund, P. Destruction of natural mutagen and trihalomethane precursors in water by ozonation, UV-irradiation, and photolytic ozonation. Environ. Int. 20(1): 113-120; 1994.
4. Bellar, T.A.; Lichtenberg, J.J.; Kroner, R.C. The occurrence of organohalides in chlorinated drinking waters. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 66(12): 703-706; 1974.
5. Bryant, E.A.; Fulton, G.P.; Budd, G.C. Disinfection Alternatives for Safe Drinking Water. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1992.
6. Canale, R.P.; Chapra, S.C.; Amy, G.L.; Edwards, M.A. Trihalomethane precursor model for Lake Youngs, Washington. J. Water Resour. Plan. Man.-ASCE 123(5): 259-265; 1997.
7. Chen, P.H. Adsorption of organic compounds in water using a synthetic adsorbent. Environ. Int. 23(1): 63-73; 1997.
8. Cooper, W.J.; Cadavid, E.-M; Nickelsen, M.G.; Lin, K.; Kurucz, C.N.; Waite, T.D. Removing THMs from drinking water using high-energy electron-beam irradiation. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 85(9): 106-112; 1993.
9. Crozes, G.; White, P.; Marshall, M. Enhanced coagulation: Its effects on NOM removal and chemical costs. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 87(1): 78-89; 1995.
10. Dojlido, J.; Best, G.A. Chemistry of Water and Water Pollution. Chapter 4. Ellis Horwood series in water & wastewater technology. New York, NY: Ellis Horwood; 1993.
11. Ferguson, D.W.; Gramith, J.T.; McGuire, M.J. Applying ozone for organics control and disinfection: A utility perspective. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 83(5): 32-39; 1991.
12. Greenberg, A.E.; Clesceri, L.S.; Eaton, A.D. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater. 18th Ed. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association; 1992.
13. Hand, D.W.; Perram, D.L.; Crittenden, J.C. Destruction of DBP precursors with catalytic-oxidation. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 87(6): 84-96; 1995.
14. Houston, A.C. Studies in Water Supply. London: Macmillan & Co.; 1913.
15. Jacangelo, J.G.; DeMarco, J.; Owen, D.M.; Randtke, S.J. Selected processes for removing NOM: An overview. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 87(1): 64-77; 1995.
16. Kormann, C.; Bahnemann, D.W.; Hoffmann, M.R. Photolysis of chloroform and other organic molecules in aqueous titanium dioxide suspensions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25: 494-500; 1991.
17. Miller, R.E.; Randtke, S.J.; Hathaway, L.R.; Denne, J.E. Organic carbon and THM formation potential in Kansas groundwaters. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 82(3): 49-62; 1990.
18. Minear, R.A.; Amy, G.L. Disinfection By-products in Water Treatment: The Chemistry of their Formation & Control. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1996.
19. Roberts, P.V.; Levy, J.A. Energy requirements for air stripping trihalomethanes. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 77(4): 138-146; 1985.
20. Symons, J.M.; Worley, K.L. An advanced oxidation process for DBP control. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 87(11): 66-75; 1995.
21. Symons, J.M.; Krasner, S.W.; Sclimenti, M.J.; Simms, L.A.; Sorensen, H.W. Jr.; Speitel, G.E. Jr.; Diehl, A.C. Influence of bromide ion on trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation. In: Minear, R.A.; Amy, G.L., eds. Disinfection By-products in Water Treatment: The Chemistry of their Formation & Control. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1996: 91-130.
22. Twort, A.C.; Law, F.M. Water Supply. 4th Ed. London: Edward Arnold; 1994.
23. USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Analysis of trihalomethanes in drinking water by liquid/liquid extraction. Method 501.2. Cincinnati, OH: USEPA; 1979.
24. White, G.C. The Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants. 3rd Ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1992.
25. WHO (World Health Organization). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. 2nd Ed. Geneva: WHO; 1993.