The consequences for amphibians of the conversion of natural, mixed-species forests to conifer plantations in southern New Brunswick

Canadian Field-Naturalist

Volumn 113, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 408-418

  Waldick, R C ^a,b   Freedman, B ^a   Wassersug, R J ^a  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Anurans; Coarse woody debris; Eggs; For estry; Frogs; Larvae; Metamorphosis; New Brunswick; Salamanders; Silviculture; Survivorship; Urodeles

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; AMPHIBIAN; MIXED FOREST; SPECIES RICHNESS;

CANADA;

AMBYSTOMA MACULATUM; AMPHIBIA; AMPHIUMA MEANS; ANURA; ARABYSTOMA; ARABYSTOMA MACULATUM; BUFO AMERICANUS; CAUDATA; CONIFEROPHYTA; MAGNOLIOPHYTA; NOTOPHTHALMUS VIRIDESCENS; PICEA MARIANA; PLETHODON CINEREUS; PSEUDACRIS CRUCIFER; RANA SYLVATICA; REPTILIA; SALAMANDRIDAE;

EID: 0033165827     PISSN: 00083550     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Anonymous. 1995. Selected Forestry Statistics. Information Report E-X-47. National Research Council, Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa.
2. Ash, A. N. 1988. Disappearance of salamanders from clear-cut plots. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Science Society 104: 116-122.
3. Ash, A. N. 1995. Effects of clear-cutting on litter parameters in the Southern Blue Ridge Mountains. Castanea 60: 89-97.
4. Ash, A. N. 1997. Disappearance and return of plethodontid salamanders to clear-cut plots in the Southern Blue Ridge Mountains. Conservation Biology 11: 983-989.
5. Bellis, E. D. 1962. The influence of humidity on wood frog activity. American Midland Naturalist 68: 139-148.
6. Blaustein, A. R., D. B. Wake, and W. P. Sousa. 1994. Amphibian declines: Judging stability, persistence, and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions. Conservation Biology 8: 60-71.
7. Blymyer, M. J., and B. S. McGinnes. 1977. Observations on possible detrimental effects of clear-cutting on terrestrial amphibians. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 13: 79-83.
8. Burton, T. M., and G. E. Likens. 1975. Energy flow and nutrient cycling in salamander populations in the Hubbard brook experimental forest, New Hampshire. Ecology 56: 1068-1080.
9. Bury, R. B. 1983. Differences in amphibian populations in logged and old-growth Redwood forests. Northwest Science 57: 167-178.
10. Bury, R. B,. and P. S. Corn. 1988a. Douglas-Fir forests in the Oregon and Washington Cascades. Relation of the herpetofauna to stand age and moisture. Pages 11-22 in Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America. Edited by R. C. Szaro, K. E. Severson, and D. R. Patton. U.S.D.A. Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-166.
11. Bury, R. B., and P. S. Corn. 1988b. Responses of aquatic and streamside amphibians to timber harvest: a review. Pages 165-185 in Streamside Management: Riparian Wildlife & Forestry Interactions. Volume 59. Edited by J. K. Raedeke. Institute for Forest Resources, University of Washington.
12. Campbell, H. W., and S. P. Christman. 1982. Field techniques for herpetofaunal community analysis. Pages 193-217 in Herpetological Communities. Edited by N. J. Scott Jr. United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, WRP 13.
13. Clawson, R. G., B. G. Lockaby, and R. H. Jones. 1997. Amphibian responses to helicopter harvesting in forested floodplains of low-order, blackwater streams. Forest Ecology & Management 90: 225-235.
14. Corn, P. S., and B. Bury. 1989. Logging in western Oregon: Responses of headwater habitats and stream amphibians. Forest Ecology & Management 29: 39-57.
15. Corn, P. S., and B. Bury. 1990. Sampling methods for terrestrial amphibians and reptiles. A. B. Carey and L. F. Ruggiero in Wildlife-habitat Relationships: Sampling procedures for Pacific Northwest Vertebrates. Edited by U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon. General Technical Report, PNW-GTR-256.
16. Corn, P. S., and B. Bury. 1991. Terrestrial amphibian communities in the Oregon Coast Range. Pages 305-317 in Wildlife and Vegetation of Unmanaged Douglas-fir Forest. Edited by L. F. Ruggiero, K. B. Aubry, A. B. Carey, and M. H. Huff. U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon. General Technical Report, PNW-GTR-285.
17. deMaynadier, P. G., and M. L. Hunter, Jr. 1995. The relationship between forest management and amphibian ecology. A review of the North American literature. Environmental Reviews 3: 230-261.
18. deMaynadier, P. G. and M. L. Hunter, Jr. 1998. Effects of silvicultural edges on the distribution and abundance of amphibians in Maine. Conservation Biology 12: 340-352.
19. Diller, L. V., and R. L. Wallace. 1994. Distribution and habitat of Plethodon elongatis on managed, young growth forests in North Coastal California. Journal of Herpetology 28: 310-318.
20. Dodd Jr., C. K. 1991. Drift fence-associated sampling bias of amphibians at a Florida Sandhills temporary pond. Journal of Herpetology 25: 296-301.
21. Dodd Jr., C. K., and B. S. Cade. 1998. Movement patterns and the conservation of amphibians breeding in small, temporary wetlands. Conservation Biology 12: 331-339.
22. Douglas, M. E. 1981. A comparative study of the topographical orientation in Ambystoma. Copeia 1981: 460-463.
23. Dupuis, L. A., J. N. M. Smith, and F. Bunnell. 1995. Relation of terrestrial-breeding amphibian abundance to tree-stand age. Conservation Biology 9: 645-653.
24. Environment Canada. 1984. NAQUADAT Dictionary of Parameter Codes. Water Quality Branch, Environment Canada, Moncton, New Brunswick.
25. Elliot, W. M., N. B. Elliot, and R. L. Wyman. 1993. Relative effects of litter and forest type on rate of decomposition. American Midland Naturalist 129: 87-95.
26. Fleming, T. L., and B. Freedman. 1998. Conversion of natural, mixed-species forests to conifer plantations: Implications for dead organic matter and carbon storage. Ecoscience 5: 213-221.
27. Freda, J., and W. A. Dunson. 1984. Sodium balance of amphibian larvae exposed to low environmental pH. Physiological Zoology 57: 435-443.
28. Freedman, B. 1995. Environmental ecology. The impacts of pollution and other stresses on ecosystem structure and function. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
29. Freedman, B., V. Zelanzny, D. Beaudette, T. Fleming, S. Hemming, G. Forbes, G. Johnson, and S. Woodley. 1996. Biodiversity implications of changes in the quantity of dead organic matter in managed forest. Environmental Reviews 4: 238-265.
30. Frisbie, M. P., and R. L. Wyman. 1992. The effect of soil chemistry on sodium balance in the red-backed salamander: A comparison of two forest types. Journal of Herpetology 26: 434-442.
31. Gabor, C. R., and R. G. Jaeger. 1995. Resource quality affects the agnostic behaviour of terrestrial salamanders. Animal Behaviour 49: 71-79.
32. Gascon, C., and D. Planas. 1986. Spring pond water chemistry and the reproduction of the wood frog Rana sylvatica. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64: 543-550.
33. Gibbons, J. W., and R. D. Semlitsch. 1981. Terrestrial drift fences with pitfall traps: An effective technique for quantitative sampling of animal populations. Brimleyana 7: 1-16.
34. Harmon, M. E., J. F. Franklin, F. J. Swanson, P. Sollins, S. V. Gregory, J. D. Lattin, N. H. Anderson, S. P. Cline, N. G. Aumen, J. R. Sedell, G. W. Lienkaemper, K. Cromack, Jr., and K. W. Cummins. 1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research 15: 133-302.
35. Heatwole, H. 1961. Habitat selection and activity of the woodfrog, Rana sylvatica. American Midland Naturalist 66: 301-313.
36. Hecnar, S. J. and R. T. M'Closkey. 1998. Species richness patterns of amphibians in southwestern Ontario. Journal of Biogeography 15: 763-772.
37. Jaeger, R. G. 1980. Fluctuations in prey availability and food limitation for a terrestrial salamander. Oecologia 44: 335-341.
38. Licht, L. E. 1991. Habitat selection of Rana pipiens and Rana sylvatica during exposure to warm and cold temperatures. American Midland Naturalist 125: 259-268.
39. Loredo, I., D. Van Vuren, and M. L. Morrison. 1996. Habitat use and migration behaviour of the California tiger salamander. Journal of Herpetology 30: 282-285.
40. Maiorana, V. C. 1978. Behaviour of an unobservable species: Diet selection by a salamander. Copeia 1978: 664-672.
41. Mathis, A. 1989. Do seasonal spatial distributions in a terrestrial salamander reflect reproductive behavior or territoriality? Copeia 1989: 788-791.
42. Mitchell, J. C., S. C. Rinehart, J. F. Pagels, K. A. Buhlmann, and C. A. Pague. 1997. Factors influencing amphibian and small mammal assemblages in central Appalachian forests. Forest Ecology & Management 96: 65-76.
43. Olson, J. S. 1963. Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems. Ecology 44: 322-331.
44. Parmelee, J. R. 1993. Microhabitat segregation and spatial relationships among four species of mole salamanders (Genus Ambystoma). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History of Kansas 160: 1-33.
45. Petranka, J. W., M. E. Eldridge, and K. E. Haley. 1993. Effects of timber harvesting on Southern Appalachian salamanders. Conservation Biology 7: 363-370.
46. Pough, F. H., and R. E. Wilson. 1977. Acid precipitation and reproductive success of Ambystoma salamanders. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 7: 307-316.
47. Pough, F. M., E. M. Smith, D. M. Rhodes, and A. Collazo. 1987. The abundance of salamanders in forest stands with different histories of disturbance. Forest Ecology and Management 20: 1-9.
48. Rowe, C. L., and W. A. Dunson. 1995. Impacts of hydroperiod on growth and survival of larval amphibians in temporary ponds in central Pennsylvania. Oecologia 102: 397-403.
49. Saber, P. S., and W. A. Dunson. 1978. Toxicity of bog water to embryonic and larval anuran amphibians. Journal of Experimental Zoology 204: 33-42.
50. Semlitsch, R. D., D. E. Scott, and J. H. K. Pechmann. 1988. Time and size at metamorphosis related to adult fitness in Ambystoma talpoideum. Ecology 69: 184-192.
51. Shaffer, H. B., R. A. Alford, B. D. Woodward, S. J. Richards, R. G. Altig, and C. Gascon. 1994. Quantitative sampling of amphibian larvae. Pages 130-141 in Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard Methods for Amphibians. Edited by W. R. Heyer, M. A. Donnelly, R. W. McDiarmid, L. C. Hayek, and M. S. Foster. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington.
52. Snoop, C. R. 1974. Yearly variation in larval survival of Ambystoma maculatum. Ecology 55: 440-444.
53. Sinsch, U. 1990. Migration and orientation in anuran amphibians. Ethology, Ecology, and Evolution 2: 65-79.
54. Sokol, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf. 1981. Biometry. 2nd edition Freeman, San Francisco, California.
55. Spotila, J. R. 1972. Role of temperature and water in the ecology of lungless salamanders. Ecological Monographs 42: 95-125.
56. Stebbins, R. C. 1966. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston.
57. Stenhouse, S. L. 1985. Migratory orientation and homing in Ambystoma maculatum and Ambystoma opacum. Copeia 1985: 631-637.
58. Stenhouse, S. L. 1987. Embryo mortality and recruitment of juveniles of Ambystoma maculatum and Ambystoma opacum in North Carolina. Herpetologica 43: 496-501.
59. Taub, F. B. 1961. The distribution of the red-backed salamander, Plethodon c. cinereus, within the soil. Ecology 42: 681-698.
60. Veinotte, C. 1998. A comparative analysis of plant communities in natural, mixed-species forests and silvicultural plantations within the Greater Fundy Ecosystem, New Brunswick. M.Sc. thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
61. Veinotte, C., and B. Freedman. 1998. Plant biodiversity in natural, mixed-species forests and plantations in the vicinity of Fundy National Park. Pages 81-83 in State of the Greater Fundy Ecosystem. Edited by S. Woodley, G. Forbes, and A. Skibicki. Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick.
62. Waldick, R. C. 1997. Effects of forestry practices on amphibian populations in eastern North America. Herpetological Conservation 1: 191-205.
63. Wassersug, R. 1997. Assessing amphibian populations from the larval perspective. Herpetological Conservation 1: 271-281.
64. Wilkinson, L. 1990. SYSTAT: The system for statistics. SYSTAT, Inc., Evanston, Illinois.
65. Woodley, S. and B. Freedman. 1995. The Greater Fundy Ecosystem Project. A case study in ecosystem management. The George Wright Forum 12: 7-14.
66. Woodley, S., G. Forbes, and A. Skibicki. Editors. 1998. State of the Greater Fundy Ecosystem. Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick.
67. Wyman, R. L. 1988. Soil acidity and moisture and the distribution of amphibians in five forests of southcentral New York. Copeia 1988: 394-399.
68. Wyman, R. L., and J. Jancola. 1992. Degree and scale of terrestrial acidification and amphibian community structure. Journal of Herpetology 26: 392-401.