Hibernating Myocardium: Is There Evidence for Chronic Flow Reduction?

Heart Disease

Volumn 1, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 155-162

  Schwarz, Ernst R ^a,b   Speakman, Mark T ^a   Vom Dahl, Jürgen ^b   Kloner, Robert A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL RWTH AACHEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORONARY ARTERY BLOOD FLOW; HEART CONTRACTION; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; STUNNED HEART MUSCLE;

CORONARY CIRCULATION; HUMAN; MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION; MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION; MYOCARDIAL STUNNING;

EID: 0033157280     PISSN: 1521737X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Rees G, Bristow JD, Kremkau EL, Green GS, Herr RH, Griswold HE, Starr A. Influence of aortocoronary bypass surgery on left ventricular performance. N Engl J Med 1971;284:1116-1120.
2. Chatterjee K, Swan HJC, Parmley WW, Sustaita H, Marcus HS, Matloff HS, Matloff J. Influence of direct revascularization on the left ventricular asynergy and function in patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation 1973;47: 276-286.
3. Brundage BH, Massie BM, Botvinick EH. Improved regional ventricular function after sucessful surgical revascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984;3:902-908.
4. Tillisch J, Brunken R, Marshall R, Schwaiger M, Mandelkern M, Phelps M, Schelbert H. Reversibility of cardiac wall motion abnormalities predicted by positron emission tomography. N Engl J Med 1986;314:884-888.
5. Flameng W, Suy R, Schwartz F, Borgers M, Piessens J, Thone F, et al. Ultrastructural correlates of left ventricular contraction abnormalities in patients with chronic ischemic hear disease: determinants of reversible segmental asynergy post revascularization surgery. Am Heart J 1981;102:846-857.
6. Rahimtoola SH. A perspective on the three large multicenter randomized clinical trials of coronary bypass surgery for chronic stable angina. Circulation 1985;72:123-135.
7. Diamond GA, Forrester JS, de Luz PL, Wyatt HL, Swan HJ. Post-extrasystolic potentiation of ischemic myocardium by atrial stimulation. Am Heart J 1978; 95:204-209.
8. Rahimtoola SH. The hibernating myocardium. Am Heart J 1989; 117:211-221.
9. Topol EJ, Weiss JL, Guzman PA, Dorsey-Lima S, Blanck TJ, Humphrey IS, et al. Immediate improvement of dysfunctional myocardial segments after coronary revascularization: detection by intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984;4:1123-1134.
10. Shivalkar B, Maes A, Borgers M, Ausma J, Scheys I, Nuyts J, et al. Only hibernating myocardium invariably shows early recovery after coronary revascularization. Circulation 1996;94:308-315.
11. Schwarz ER, Schaper J, vom Dahl J, Altehoefer C, Grohmann B, Schoendube F, et al. Myocyte degeneration and cell death in hibernating human myocardium. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:1577-1585.
12. vom Dahl J, Altehoefer C, Sheehan FH, Buechin P, Uebis R, Messmer BJ, et al. Recovery of regional left ventricular dysfunction after coronary revascularization: impact of myocardial viability assessed by nuclear imaging and vessel patency at follow-up angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:948-958.
13. Cohen M, Charney R, Hershman R, Fuster V, Gorlin R. Reversal of chronic ischemic myocardial dysfunction after transluminal coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;12:1193-1198.
14. Nienaber CA, Bruncken RC, Sherman CT, Yeatman LA, Gambhir SS, Krivokapich J, et al. Metabolic and functional recovery of ischemic human myocardium after coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:966-978.
15. Dilsizian V, Bonow RO. Current diagnostic techniques of assessing myocardial viability in patients with hibernating and stunned myocardium. Circulation 1993;87:1-20.
16. Knuuti MJ, Saraste M, Nuutila P, Harkeonen R, Wegelius U, Haapanen A, et al. Myocardial viability: fluorine-18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in prediction of wall motion recovery after revascularization. Am Heart J 1994;127:785-796.
17. Rozanski A, Berman D, Gray R. Preoperative prediction of reversible myocardial asynergy by postexercise radionuclide ventriculography. N Engl J Med 1982;307:212-216.
18. Cigarroa CG, deFilippi CR, Brickner ME, Alvarez LG, Wait MA, Grayburn PA. Dobutamine stress echocardiography identifies hibernating myocardium and predicts recovery of left ventricular function after coronary revascularization. Circulation 1993;88:430-436.
19. Baer FM, Voth E, Deutsch HJ, Schneider CA, Horst M, de Vivie ER, et al. Predictive value of low dose dobutamine transesophageal echocardiography and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for recovery of regional left ventricular function after successful revascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:60-69.
20. vom Dahl J, Eitzman DT, al Aouar ZR, Kanter HL, Hicks RJ, Deeb GM, et al. Relation of regional function, perfusion, and metabolism in patients with advanced coronary artery disease undergoing surgical revascularization. Circulation 1994;90:2356-2366.
21. vom Dahl J, Muzik O, Wolfe ER Jr., Allman C, Hutchins G, Schwaiger M. Myocardial rubidium-82 tissue kinetics assessed by dynamic positron emission tomography as a marker of myocardial cell membrane integrity and viability. Circulation 1996;93:238-245.
22. Altehoefer C, vom Dahl J, Messmer BJ, Hanrath P, Buell U. Fate of the resting perfusion defect as assessed with technetium-99m methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile single-photon emission computed tomography after successful revascularization in patients with healed myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:88-92.
23. Schulz R, Rose J, Martin C, Brodde OE, Heusch G. Development of short term myocardial hibernation: its limitation by the severity of ischemia and inotropic stimulation. Circulation 1993;88:684-695.
24. Schulz R, Guth BD, Pieper K, Martin C, Heusch G. Recruitment of an inotropic reserve in moderately ischemic myocardium at the expense of metabolic recovery: a model of short-term hibernation. Circ Res 1992;70:1282-1295.
25. Schwarz ER, Przyklenk K, vom Dahl J, Schoendube FA, Hanrath P, Kloner RA. Chronic hibernating myocardium: concepts and controversies. Congest Heart failure 1997;May/June:12-23.
26. Hearse DJ. Myocardial hibernation: a form of endogenous protection? Eur Heart J 1997;18(Suppl A):A2-A7.
27. Fallavollita JA, Perry BJ, Canty JM Jr. 18F-2-deoxyglucose deposition and regional flow in pigs with chronically dysfunctional myocardium: evidence for transmural variations in chronic hibernating myocardium. Circulation 1997; 95:1900-1909.
28. Shen YT, Vatner SF. Mechanism of impaired myocardial function during progressive coronary stenosis in conscious pigs: hibernation versus stunning? Circ Res 1995;76:479-488.
29. Shen YT, Kudej RK, Bishop SP, Vatner SF. Inotropic reserve and histological appearance of hibernating myocardium in conscious pigs with ameroid-induced coronary stenosis. Basic Res Cardiol 1996;91:479-485.
30. Rahimtoola SH. Clinical aspects of hibernating myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1996;28:2397-2401.
31. Rahimtoola SH. Hibernating myocardium has reduced blood flow at rest that increases with low-dose dobutamine. Circulation 1996;94:3055-3061.
32. Nagamachi S, Czernin J, Kim AS, Sun KT, Böttcher M, Phelps ME, Schelbert HR. Reproducibility of measurements of regional resting and hyperemic myocardial blood flow assessed with PET. J Nucl Med 1996;37:1626-1631.
33. Gould KL, Martucci JP, Goldberg DI, Hess MJ, Edens RP, Latifi R, Dudrick SJ. Short-term cholesterol lowering decreases size and severity of perfusion abnormalities by positron emission tomography after dipyridamole in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 1994;89:1530-1538.
34. Vanoverschelde JL, Wijns W, Depre C, Essamri B, Heyndrick GR, Borgers M, et al. Mechanisms of chronic regional postischemic dysfunction in humans: new insights from the study of noninfarcted collateral-dependent myocardium. Circulation 1993;87:1513-1523.
35. Gerber BL, Vanoverschelde JL, Bol A, Michel C, Labar D, Wijns W, Melin JA. Myocardial blood flow, glucose uptake, and recruitment of inotropic reserve in chronic left ventricular dysfunction: implications for the pathophysiology of chronic myocardial hibernation. Circulation 1996;94:651-659.
36. Marinho NV, Keog BE, Costa DC, Lammerstma AA, Ell PJ, Camici PG. Pathophysiology of chronic left ventricular dysfunction: new insights from the measurements of absolute myocardial blood flow and glucose utilisation. Circulation 1996;93:737-744.
37. Conversano A, Walsh JF, Geltman EM, Perez JE, Bergmann SR, Gropler RJ Delineation of myocardial stunning and hibernation by positron emission tomography in advanced coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 1996;131:440- 450.
38. Mills I, Fallon JT, Wrenn D, Sasken H, Gray W, Bier J, et al. Adaptive responses of coronary circulation and myocardium to chronic reduction in perfusion pressure and flow. Am J Physiol 1994;266:H447-H457.
39. Chen C, Chen L, Fallon JT, Ma L, Li L, Bow L, et al. Functional and structural alterations with 24-hour myocardial hibernation and recovery after reperfusion. Circulation 1996;94;507-516.
40. Braunwald E, Kloner RA. The stunned myocardium: prolonged, postischemic ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 1982;66:1146-1149.
41. Borgers M, Thone F, Wouters L, Ausma J, Shivalkar B, Flameng W. Structural correlates of regional myocardial dysfunction in patients with critical coronary stenosis: chronic hibernation? Cardiovasc Pathol 1993;2:237-245.
42. Borgers M, Ausma J. Structural aspects of the chronic hibernating myocardium in man. Basic Res Cardiol 1995;90:44-46.
43. Flameng W, Shivalkar B. Hibernating myocardium, a clinical entity. Basic Res Cardiol 1995;90:55-57.
44. Shivalkar B, Borgers M, Daenen W, Gewillig M, Flameng W. ALCAPA syndrome: an example of chronic myocardial hypoperfusion? J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;23:772-778.
45. Wilson C, Dlabal P, Holeyfield R, Akins C, Knauf D. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: case report and review of literature concerning teenagers and adults. J Thorc Cardiovasc Surg 1977;73: 887-893.
46. Celermajer DS, Sholler GF, Howman-Giles R, Celermaier JM. Myocardial infarction in childhood: clinical analysis of 17 cases and medium term follow up of survivors. Br Heart J 1991;65:332-336.
47. Schwarz ER, Schoendube FA, Kostin S, Schmiedtke N, Schulz G, Buell U, et al. Prolonged myocardial hibernation exacerbates cardiomyocyte degeneration and impairs recovery of function following revascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:1018-1026.
48. Elsässer A, Schlepper M, Klövekorn WP, Cai WJ, Zimmermann R, Müller KD, et al. Hibernating myocardium: an incomplete adaptation to ischemia. Circulation 1997;96:2920-2931.
49. Flameng W, Wolters E, Sergeant P, Lewi P, Borgers M, Thone F, Guy R. Multivariate analysis of angiographic, histologic, and electrocardiographs data in patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation 1984;70:7-17.
50. Rozanski A, Berman DS, Gray R, Levy R, Raymond M, Maddahi J, et al. Use of thallium-201 redistribution scintigraphy in the preoperative differentiation of reversible and nonreversible myocardial asynergy. Circulation 1981;64: 936-944.
51. Eitzman D, al Aouar Z, Kanter HL, vom Dahl J, Kirsh M, Deeb GM, Schwaiger M. Clinical outcome of patients with advanced coronary artery disease after viability studies with positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;20:559-565.
52. Ragosta M, Beller GA, Watson DD, Kaul S, Gimple LW. Quantitative planar rest-redistribution 201Tl imaging in detection of myocardial viability and prediction of improvement in left ventricular function after coronary bypass surgery in patients with severely depressed left ventricular function. Circulation 1993;87:1630-1641.
53. Alfieri O, La Canna G, Giubbini R, Pardini A, Zogno M, Fucci C. Recovery of myocardial function: the ultimate target of coronary revascularization. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1993;7:325-330.
54. Kiat H, Berman DS, Maddahi J, De Yang L, van Train K, Rozanski A, Friedman J. Late reversibility of tomographic myocardial thallium-201 defects: an accurate marker of myocardial viability. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;12:1456-1463.
55. Rocco TP, Dilsizian V, Strauss HW, Boucher CA. Technetium-99m isonitrile myocardial uptake at rest. II. Relation to clinical markers of potential viability. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;14:1678-1684.
56. Metcalfe MJ, Cross S, Norton MY, Jennings K, Walton S. Objective measurement of changes in regional wall motion characteristics following coronary artery bypass grafting using tomographic radionuclide ventriculography. Nucl Med Commun 1995;16:539-547.
57. Bisi G, Sciagra R, Santoro GM, Rossi V, Fazzini PF. Technetium-99m-sestamibi imaging with nitrate infusion to detect viable hibernating myocardium and predict postrevascularization recovery. J Nucl Med 1995;36:1994-2000.
58. Afridi I, Kleiman NS, Raizner AE, Zoghbi WA. Dobutamine echocardiography in myocardial hibernation. Optimal dose and accuracy in predicting recovery of ventricular function after coronary angioplasty. Circulation 1995;91 663-670.
59. Masui A, Tsuji H, Tamura K, Kamihata H, Karakawa M, Sugiura T, et al. The effect of successful angioplasty on variables of signal-averaged electrocardiogram and ventricular wall motion in patients with a first myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol 1994;17:479-483.
60. Charney R, Schwinger ME, Chun J, Cohen MV, Nanna M, Menegus MA, et al. Dobutamine echocardiography and resting-redistribution thallium-201 scintigraphy predicts recovery of hibernating myocardium after coronary revascularization. Am Heart J 1994;128:864-869.
61. Paolini G, Lucignani G, Zuccari M, Landoni C, Vanoli G, Di Credico G, et al. Identification and revascularization of hibernating myocardium in angina-free patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1994;8: 139-144.
62. Ebine K, Tamura S, Lee M, Sato K, Kubo H, Sakai M, et al. Indication of aorto coronary bypass graft surgery for infarction area of myocardium considered from exercise thallium-201 myocardial imagings. Jpn Circ J 1987;51: 595-603.
63. Naguch SF, Vaduganathan P, Ali N, Blaustein A, Verani MS, Winters WL Jr., Zoghbi WA. Identification of hibernating myocardium: comparative accuracy of myocardial contrast echocardiography, rest-redistribution thallium-201 tomography and dobutamine echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29: 985-993.
64. Qureshi U, Naguch SF, Afridi I, Vaduganathan P, Blanstein A, Verani MS, et al. Dobutamine echocardiography and quantitative rest-redistribution 201Tl tomography in myocardial hibernation: relation of contractile reserve to 201Tl uptake and comparative prediction of recovery of function. Circulation 1997; 95:626-635.
65. Sciagra R, Bisi G, Santoro GM, Zerauschek F, Sestini S, Pedenovi P, et al. Comparison of baseline-nitrate technetium-99m sestamibi with rest-redistribution thallium-201 tomography in detecting viable hibernating myocardium and predicting postrevascularization recovery. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30: 384-391.
66. Kostopoulos KG, Kranidis AI, Bouki KP, Antonellis JP, Kappos KG, Rodogianni FE, et al. Detection of myocardial viability in the prediction of improvement in left ventricular function after successful coronary revascularization by using the dobutamine stress echocardiography and quantitative SPECT rest redistribution-reinjection 201Tl imaging after dipyridamole infusion. Angiology 1996;47:1039-1046.
67. Picano E, Ostojic M, Varga A, Sicari R, Djordjevic Dikic A, Nedeljkovic I, Torres M. Combined low dose dipyridamole-dobutamine stress echocardiography to identify myocardial viability. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:1422-1428.
68. Afridi I, Main ML, Grayburn PA. Accuracy of dobutamine echocardiography for detection of myocardial viability in patients with an occluded left anterior descending coronary artery. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:455-459.
69. Lee KS, Marwick TH, Cook SA, Go RT, Fix JS, James KB, et al. Prognosis of patients with left ventricular dysfunction, with and without viable myocardium after myocardial infarction: relative efficacy of medical therapy and revascularization. Circulation 1994;90:2687-2694.
70. Di Carli MF, Davidson M, Little R, et al. Value of metabolic imaging with positron emission tomography for evaluating prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Cardiol 1994;73: 527-533.
71. Berger BC, Watson DD, Bunvell LR, Crosby IK, Wellons HA, Teates CD, Beller GA. Redistribution of thallium at rest in patients with stable and unstable angina and the effect of coronary artery bypass surgery. Circulation 1979;60: 1114-1125.
72. Perez Balino NA, Masoli OH, Meretta AH, Rodriguez, A, Cragnolino DE, Perrone S, et al. Amrinone stimulation test: ability to predict improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction after coronary bypass surgery in patients with poor baseline left ventricular function. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1488-1492.
73. Takeishi Y, Atsumi H, Fujiwara S, Tomoike H. Delayed metabolic recovery of hibernating myocardium after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: assessment with iodine-123-betamethyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid imaging. J Cardiol 1996;28:17-25.
74. Gunning MG, Chua TP, Harrington D, Knight CJ, Burman E, Pennell DJ, et al. Hibernating myocardium: clinical and functional response to revascularisation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1997;11:1105-1112.
75. Elhendy A, Cornel JH, Roelandt JR, Nierop PR, van Domburg RT, Geleijnse ML, et al. Impact of severity of coronary artery stenosis and the collateral circulation on the functional outcome of dyssynergic myocardium after revascularization in patients with healed myocardial infarction and chronic left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:883-888.
76. Mintz LJ, Ingels NB, Daughters GT, Stinson EB, Alderman EL. Sequential studies of left ventricular function and wall motion after coronary arterial bypass surgery. Am J Cardiol 1980;45:210-216.
77. Gropler RJ, Geltman EM, Sampathkumaran K, Perez JE, Moerlein SM, Sobel BE, et al. Functional recovery after coronary revascularization for chronic artery disease is dependent on maintenance of oxidative metabolism. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;20:569-577.
78. Vanoverschelde JL, D'Hondt AM, Marwick T, Gerber BL, De Kock M, Dion R, et al. Head-to-head comparison of exercise-redistribution-reinjection thallium single-photon emission computed tomography and low dose dobutamine echocardiography for prediction of reversibility of chronic left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:432-442.
79. de Silva R, Yamamoto Y, Rhodes CG, Iida H, Nihoyannopoulos P, Davies GJ, et al. Preoperative prediction of the outcome of coronary revascularization using positron emission tomography. Circulation 1992;86:1738-1742.
80. Arnese M, Cornel JH, Salustri A, Maat A, Elhendy A, Reijs AE, et al. Prediction of improvement of regional left ventricular function after surgical revascularization: a comparison of low-dose dobutamine echocardiography with 201Tl single-photon emission computed tomography. Circulation 1995;91:2748-2752.
81. Udelson JE, Coleman PS, Metherall I, Pandian NG, Gomez AR, Griffith JL, et al. Predicting recovery of severe regional ventricular dysfunction: comparison of resting scintigraphy with 201 Tl and 99m Tc-sestamibi. Circulation 1994; 89:2552-2561.
82. Depre C, Vanoverschelde JL, Melin JA, Borgers M, Bol A, Ausma J, et al. Structural and metabolic correlates of the reversibility of chronic left ventricular ischemic dysfunction in humans. Am J Physiol 1995;268:H1265-H1275.
83. Lazar HL, Plehn JH, Schick KM, Dobnick D, Shemin RJ. Effects of coronary revascularization on regional wall motion: an intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiographic study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989;98:498-505.
84. Tamaki N, Yonekura Y, Yamashita K, Saji H, Magata Y, Senda M, et al. Positron emission tomography using fluorine-18 deoxyglucose in evaluation of coronary bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 1989;64:860-865.
85. Bax JJ, Cornel JH, Visser HC, Fioretti PM, Huitink JM, van Lingen A, et al. FT8-fluorodeoxyglucose single-photon emission computed tomography predicts functional outcome of dyssynergic myocardium after surgical revascularization. J Nucl Cardiol 1997;4:302-308.
86. Pagley PR, Beller GA, Watson DD, Gimple LW, Ragosta M. Improved outcome after coronary bypass surgery in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and residual myocardial viability. Circulation 1997;96:793-800.
87. Bax JJ, Cornel JH, Visser FC, Fioretti PM, van Lingen A, Huitink JM, et al. Prediction of improvement of contractile function in patients with ischemic ventricular dysfunction after revascularization by fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose single-photon emission computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30:377-383.
88. De Servi S, Eleuteri E, Bramucci E, Valentini P, Angoli L, Marsico F, et al. Effects of coronary angioplasty on left ventricular function. Am J Cardiol 1993;72:119G-123G.
89. Alfieri O, La Canna G, Giubbini R, Pardini A, Zogno M, Fucci C. Recovery of myocardial function: the ultimate target of coronary revascularization. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1993;7:325-330.
90. Okada RD, Murphy JH, Boucher CA, Pohost GM, Strauss HW, Johnson G III, Daggett WM. Relationship between septal perfusion, viability, and motion before and after coronary artery bypass surgery. Am Heart J 1992;124:1190-1195.
91. Naruse H, Ohyanagi M, Iwasaki T, Miyamoto T, Fukuchi M. Preoperative evaluation of myocardial viability by thallium-201 imaging in patients with old myocardial infarction who underwent coronary revascularization. Ann Nucl Med 1992;6:51-58.
92. Maes A, Flameng W, Borgers M, Nuyts J, Ausma J, Bormans G, et al. Regional myocardial blood flow, glucose utilization and contractile function before and after revascularization and ultrastructural findings in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Eur J Nucl Med 1995;22:1299-1305.
93. Maes A, Flameng W, Nuyts J, Borgers M, Shivalkar B, Ausma J, et al. Histological alterations in chronically hypoperfused myocardium: correlation with PET findings. Circulation 1994;90:735-745.
94. Takeishi Y, Tono-oka I, Kubota I, Ikeda K, Masakane I, Chiba J, et al. Functional recovery of hibernating myocardium after coronary bypass surgery: does it coincide with improvement in perfusion? Am Heart J 1991;122:665-670.
95. Oxelbark S, Mannting F, Morgan MG, Henze A. Revascularization of infarcted myocardium: effect on myocadial perfusion assessed with quantified Tl-201 SPECT technique. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;25:89-95.
96. Vassanelli C, Menegatti G, Molinari J, Zanotto L, Loschiavo I, Zardini P. Maximal myocardial perfusion by videodensitometry in the assessment of the early and late results of cornary angioplasty: relationship with coronary artery measurements and left ventricular function at rest. Cath Cardiovasc Diagn 1995;34:301-310.
97. Lucignani G, Paolini G, Landoni C, Zuccari M, Paganelli G, Galli L, et al. Presurgical identification of hibernating myocardium by combined use of technetium-99m hexakis 2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile single photon emission tomography and fluorine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Nucl Med 1992;19: 874-881.
98. Kubo H, Yano K, Hasegawa N, Suzuki M, Degawa T, Hirai H, et al. Indications for PTCA for the infarcted myocardium without redistribution by Tl-201 myocardial scintigraphy: the role of two-dimensional echocardiography. J Cardiol 1989;19:687-698.
99. Aoki T, Futagami Y, Konishi T, Okamoto S, Koyama T, Inden M, et al. Clinical significance of reverse redistribution in exercise thallium-201 SPECT after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Kaku Igaku 1989;26:821-828.
100. Carrel T, Jenni R, Haubold Reuter S, von Schulthess G, Pasic M, Turina M. Improvement of severely reduced left ventricular function after surgical revascularization in patients with preoperative myocardial infarction. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1992;6:479-484.
101. Marwick TH, MacIntyre WJ, Lafont A, Nemec JJ, Salcedo EE. Metabolic responses of hibernating and infarcted myocardium to revascularization: a follow-up study of regional perfusion, function, and metabolism. Circulation 1992;85:1347-1353.
102. Marwick TH, Nemec JJ, Lafont A, Salcedo EH, MacIntyre WJ. Prediction by postexercise fluoro-18 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography of improvement in exercise capacity after revascularization. Am J Cardiol 1992;69: 854-859.
103. Elhendy A, Cornel JH, Roelandt JR, van Domburg RT, Fioretti PM. Akinesis becoming dyskinesis during dobutamine stress echocardiography: a predictor of poor functional recovery after surgical revascularization. Chest 1996;110: 155-158.
104. Garot J, Scherrer Crosbie M, Monin JL, DuPouy P, Bourachot ML, Teiger E, et al. Effect of delayed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of occluded coronary arteries after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:915-921.
105. Tamaki N, Kawamoto M, Tadamura E, Magata Y, Yonekura Y, Nohara R, et al. Prediction of reversible ischemia after revascularization: perfusion and metabolic studies with positron emission tomography. Circulation 1995;91:1697-1705.
106. Iskandrian AS, Hakki AH, Kane SA, Goel IP, Mundth ED, Segal BE. Rest and redistribution thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy to predict improvement in left ventricular function after coronary arterial bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:1312-1316.
107. Schafers M, Matheja P, Hasfeld M, Bartenstein P, Lerch H, Breithardt G, et al. The clinical impact of thallium-201 reinjection for the detection of myocardial hibernation. Eur J Nucl Med 1996;23:407-413.
108. Kao HL, Wu CC, Ho YL, Chen WJ, Lee CM, Chen MF, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography predicts early wall motion improvement after elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 1995;76:652-656.
109. Alfieri O, La Canna G, Giubbini R, Visioli O. Coronary revascularization and recovery of function: the ultimate target. J Nucl Biol Med 1992;36:280-283.
110. Sciagra R, Bisi G, Santoro GM, Rossi V, Fazzini PF. Nitrate versus rest myocardial scintigraphy with technetium 99m-sestamibi: relationship of tracer uptake to regional left ventricular function and its significance in the detection of viable hibernating myocardium. Am J Card Imaging 1995;9:157-166.
111. Haque T, Furukawa T, Takahashi M, Kinoshita M. Identification of hibernating myocardium by dobutamine stress echocardiography: comparison with thallium-201 reinjection imaging. Am Heart J 1995;130:553-563.
112. Perrone Filardi P, Pace L, Prastaro M, Piscione F, Betocchi S, Squame F, et al. Dobutamine echocardiography predicts improvement of hypoperfused dysfunctional myocardium after revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 1995;91:2556-2565.
113. Maublant JC, Citron B, Lipiecki J, Mestas D, Bailly P, Veyre A, et al. Rest technetium 99m-sestamibi tomoscintigraphy in hibernating myocardium. Am Heart J 1995;129:306-314.
114. Matsuo H, Watanabe S, Nishida Y, Matsubara T, Kano M, Tanihata S, et al. Identification of asynergic but viable myocardium in patients with chronic coronary artery disease by gated blood pool scintigraphy during isosorbide dinitrate and low-dose dobutamine infusion: comparison with thallin-201 scintigraphy with reinjection. Ann Nucl Med 1994;8:283-293.
115. Bisi G, Sciagra R, Santoro GM, Fazzini PF. Rest technetium 99m sestamibi tomography in combination with short-term administration of nitrates: feasibility and reliability for prediction of postrevascularization outcome of as gic territories. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;24:1282-1289.
116. Murray GL, Schad NC, Magill HL, Vander Zwaag R. Myocardial viability assessment with dynamic low-dose iodine-123-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid metabolic imaging: comparison with myocardial biopsy and reinjection SPECT thallium after myocardial infarction. J Nucl Med 1994;35:43S-48S.
117. Watanabe T. Intraoperative evaluation of myocardial viability by nitroglycerin induced improvement in regional left ventricular function assessed by trans esophageal echocardiography. Jpn Heart J 1995;36:593-603.
118. Di Carli MF, Asgarzadie F, Schelbert HR, Brunken RC, Laks H, Phelps ME, Maddahi J. Quantitative relation between myocardial viability and improvement in heart failure symptoms after revascularization in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1995;92:3436-3444.
119. Senior R, Glenville B, Basu S, Sridhara BS, Anagnostou E, Stanbridge R, et al. Dobutamine echocardiography and thallium-201 imaging predict functional improvement after revascularisation in severe ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction. Br Heart J 1995;74:358-364.
120. Soufer R, Dey HM, Ng CK, Zaret BL. Comparison of sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography with positron emission tomography for estimating left ventricular myocardial viability. Am J Cardiol 1995;75:1214-1219.
121. Zarich SW, Kowalchuk GJ, Hill T, Kosinski EJ, Lewis SM. Prospective evaluation of viable myocardium by quantitative dipyridamole-thallium-201 scintigraphy and radionuclide ventriculography. Chest 1995;107:335-340.
122. Ghods M, Pancholy S, Cave V, Cassell D, Heo J, Iskandrian AS. Serial changes in left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass: implications in viability assessment. Am Heart J 1995;129:20-23.
123. Taki J, Nakajima K, Bunko H, Kawasuji M, Tonami N, Hisada K. Twenty four-hour quantitative thallium imaging for predicting beneficial revascularization. Eur J Nucl Med 1994;21:1212-1217.