Foucault, power, and institutions

Political Studies

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 345-359

  Bevir, Mark ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0033148112     PISSN: 00323217     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9248.00204     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Useful studies of Foucault's later work on power, government, and political philosophy include T. Dumm, Michel Foucault and the Politics of Freedom (London, Sage, 1996); L. McNay, Foucault: a Critical Introduction (Cambridge, Polity, 1994); and J. Simon, Foucault and the Political (London, Routledge, 1995).
2. Useful studies of Foucault's later work on power, government, and political philosophy include T. Dumm, Michel Foucault and the Politics of Freedom (London, Sage, 1996); L. McNay, Foucault: a Critical Introduction (Cambridge, Polity, 1994); and J. Simon, Foucault and the Political (London, Routledge, 1995).
3. Useful studies of Foucault's later work on power, government, and political philosophy include T. Dumm, Michel Foucault and the Politics of Freedom (London, Sage, 1996); L. McNay, Foucault: a Critical Introduction (Cambridge, Polity, 1994); and J. Simon, Foucault and the Political (London, Routledge, 1995).
4. For biographies see D. Eribon, Michel Foucault (London, Faber, 1991); D. Macey, The Lives of Michel foucault (London, Hutchinson, 1993); and J. Miller, The Passion of Michel Foucault (New York, Simon & Schuster, 1993).
5. For biographies see D. Eribon, Michel Foucault (London, Faber, 1991); D. Macey, The Lives of Michel foucault (London, Hutchinson, 1993); and J. Miller, The Passion of Michel Foucault (New York, Simon & Schuster, 1993).
6. For biographies see D. Eribon, Michel Foucault (London, Faber, 1991); D. Macey, The Lives of Michel foucault (London, Hutchinson, 1993); and J. Miller, The Passion of Michel Foucault (New York, Simon & Schuster, 1993).
7. M. Foucault, The Order of Things: an Archaeology of the Human Sciences (London, Routledge, 1986).
8. On Foucault's debt to Bachelard and Canguilhem see G. Gutting, Michel Foucault's Archaeology of Scientific Reason (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989).
9. See respectively M. Foucault (R. Howard, transl.), Madness and Civilisation: a History of Insanity in the Age of Reason (London, Routledge, 1989); M. Foucault (A. Sheridan Smith, transl.), The Birth of the Clinic: an Archaeology of Medical Perception (London, Tavistock, 1973); and Foucault, Order of Things.
10. See respectively M. Foucault (R. Howard, transl.), Madness and Civilisation: a History of Insanity in the Age of Reason (London, Routledge, 1989); M. Foucault (A. Sheridan Smith, transl.), The Birth of the Clinic: an Archaeology of Medical Perception (London, Tavistock, 1973); and Foucault, Order of Things.
11. See respectively M. Foucault (R. Howard, transl.), Madness and Civilisation: a History of Insanity in the Age of Reason (London, Routledge, 1989); M. Foucault (A. Sheridan Smith, transl.), The Birth of the Clinic: an Archaeology of Medical Perception (London, Tavistock, 1973); and Foucault, Order of Things.
12. Foucault, Order of Things, p. XXII.
13. Foucault, Birth of the Clinic.
14. M. Foucault (A. Sheridan Smith, transl.), The Archaeology of Knowledge (New York, Pantheon, 1972).
15. Foucault, The Archaeology of Knowledge, pp. 153-4.
16. M. Foucault, 'Nietzsche, Genealogy, History', in Language, Counter-Memory. Practice: Selected Interviews and Essays (Oxford, Blackwell, 1977), p. 150. What follows also draws on his inaugural lecture to the Collège de France. See M. Foucault, 'The Discourse of Language', published as an appendix to Foucault, Archaeology.
17. M. Foucault, 'Nietzsche, Genealogy, History', in Language, Counter-Memory. Practice: Selected Interviews and Essays (Oxford, Blackwell, 1977), p. 150. What follows also draws on his inaugural lecture to the Collège de France. See M. Foucault, 'The Discourse of Language', published as an appendix to Foucault, Archaeology.
18. M. Foucault, 'Two Lectures', in C. Gordon et al. (eds), Power' Knowledge: Selected Interviews and other Writings 1972-1977 (Brighton, Harvester, 1980), p. 98.
19. See respectively M. Foucault Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1977); and M. Foucault (R. Hurley, transl.), The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: an Introduction, Vol. 2: the Use of Pleasure, and Vol. 3: the Care of the Self (New York, Pantheon, 1978-1985).
20. See respectively M. Foucault Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1977); and M. Foucault (R. Hurley, transl.), The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: an Introduction, Vol. 2: the Use of Pleasure, and Vol. 3: the Care of the Self (New York, Pantheon, 1978-1985).
21. See especially M. Foucault, 'Governmentality', in G. Burchell, C. Gordon and P. Miller (eds), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (London, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991), pp. 87-104.
22. Foucault, 'Governmentality', p. 91.
23. M. Foucault, 'Politics and Reason', in L. Kritzman (ed.), Politics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and other Writings, 1977-1984 (London, Routledge, 1988), pp. 77-8.
24. M. Foucault, 'Social Security', in Politics, Philosophy, Culture, p. 161.
25. M. Foucault, 'The Subject and Power' in H. Dreyfus and P. Rabinow (eds), Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics (Chicago, IL. University of Chicago Press, 1982), p. 212.
26. See Burchell et al. (eds), Foucault Effect: and A. Barry, J. Osborne, and N. Rose, (eds) Foucault and Political Reason (London, UCL Press, 1996).
27. See Burchell et al. (eds), Foucault Effect: and A. Barry, J. Osborne, and N. Rose, (eds) Foucault and Political Reason (London, UCL Press, 1996).
28. Compare the distinction between Foucault as an archivist exploring strata and as a cartographer mapping the non-stratified as developed by G. Deleuze (S. Hand, transl.), Foucault (London, Athlone, 1988).
29. M. Foucault (C. Gordon, transl.), 'Questions of Method: an Interview With Michel Foucault', Cited in Simon, Foucault, p. 56.
30. Foucault, 'Politics and Reason', p. 82.
31. See Barry et al. (eds), Foucault. In addition Foucault's work, together with that of other-post structuralists and post-modernists, has proved remarkably suggestive for feminist and post-colonial theorists. Although such issues lie beyond the scope of this essay, a taste of some of the relevant debates can be taken respectively from I. Diamond and L. Quinby (eds), Feminism and Foucault: Reflections on Resistance (Boston, Northeastern University Press, 1988); I. Adam and H. Tiffin (eds), Past the Last Post: Theorizing Post-Colonialism and Post-Modernism (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheat sheaf, 1991).
32. See Barry et al. (eds), Foucault. In addition Foucault's work, together with that of other-post structuralists and post-modernists, has proved remarkably suggestive for feminist and post-colonial theorists. Although such issues lie beyond the scope of this essay, a taste of some of the relevant debates can be taken respectively from I. Diamond and L. Quinby (eds), Feminism and Foucault: Reflections on Resistance (Boston, Northeastern University Press, 1988); I. Adam and H. Tiffin (eds), Past the Last Post: Theorizing Post-Colonialism and Post-Modernism (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheat sheaf, 1991).
33. See Barry et al. (eds), Foucault. In addition Foucault's work, together with that of other-post structuralists and post-modernists, has proved remarkably suggestive for feminist and post-colonial theorists. Although such issues lie beyond the scope of this essay, a taste of some of the relevant debates can be taken respectively from I. Diamond and L. Quinby (eds), Feminism and Foucault: Reflections on Resistance (Boston, Northeastern University Press, 1988); I. Adam and H. Tiffin (eds), Past the Last Post: Theorizing Post-Colonialism and Post-Modernism (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheat sheaf, 1991).
34. See respectively N. Parton, Governing the Family: Child Care, Child Protection, and the State (London, Macmillan, 1991); S. Ball (ed.), Foucault and Education: Disciplines and Knowledge (London, Routledge, 1990); T. Dumm, Democracy and Punishment: the Disciplinary Origins of the United States (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1987); I. Hacking, 'Making up People', in T. Heller, M. Sosna and D. Wellberg (eds), Reconstructing Individualism: Autonomy, Individuality, and the Self in Western Thought (Palo Alto, CA, Stanford University Press, 1986); S. Deetz, 'Disciplinary Power in the Modern Corporation', in M. Alvesson and H. Willmott (eds), Critical Management Studies (London, Sage, 1992), pp. 21-45; and P. Armstrong, 'The influence of Michel Foucault on accounting research', Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 5 (1994), 25-55.
35. See respectively N. Parton, Governing the Family: Child Care, Child Protection, and the State (London, Macmillan, 1991); S. Ball (ed.), Foucault and Education: Disciplines and Knowledge (London, Routledge, 1990); T. Dumm, Democracy and Punishment: the Disciplinary Origins of the United States (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1987); I. Hacking, 'Making up People', in T. Heller, M. Sosna and D. Wellberg (eds), Reconstructing Individualism: Autonomy, Individuality, and the Self in Western Thought (Palo Alto, CA, Stanford University Press, 1986); S. Deetz, 'Disciplinary Power in the Modern Corporation', in M. Alvesson and H. Willmott (eds), Critical Management Studies (London, Sage, 1992), pp. 21-45; and P. Armstrong, 'The influence of Michel Foucault on accounting research', Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 5 (1994), 25-55.
36. See respectively N. Parton, Governing the Family: Child Care, Child Protection, and the State (London, Macmillan, 1991); S. Ball (ed.), Foucault and Education: Disciplines and Knowledge (London, Routledge, 1990); T. Dumm, Democracy and Punishment: the Disciplinary Origins of the United States (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1987); I. Hacking, 'Making up People', in T. Heller, M. Sosna and D. Wellberg (eds), Reconstructing Individualism: Autonomy, Individuality, and the Self in Western Thought (Palo Alto, CA, Stanford University Press, 1986); S. Deetz, 'Disciplinary Power in the Modern Corporation', in M. Alvesson and H. Willmott (eds), Critical Management Studies (London, Sage, 1992), pp. 21-45; and P. Armstrong, 'The influence of Michel Foucault on accounting research', Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 5 (1994), 25-55.
37. See respectively N. Parton, Governing the Family: Child Care, Child Protection, and the State (London, Macmillan, 1991); S. Ball (ed.), Foucault and Education: Disciplines and Knowledge (London, Routledge, 1990); T. Dumm, Democracy and Punishment: the Disciplinary Origins of the United States (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1987); I. Hacking, 'Making up People', in T. Heller, M. Sosna and D. Wellberg (eds), Reconstructing Individualism: Autonomy, Individuality, and the Self in Western Thought (Palo Alto, CA, Stanford University Press, 1986); S. Deetz, 'Disciplinary Power in the Modern Corporation', in M. Alvesson and H. Willmott (eds), Critical Management Studies (London, Sage, 1992), pp. 21-45; and P. Armstrong, 'The influence of Michel Foucault on accounting research', Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 5 (1994), 25-55.
38. See respectively N. Parton, Governing the Family: Child Care, Child Protection, and the State (London, Macmillan, 1991); S. Ball (ed.), Foucault and Education: Disciplines and Knowledge (London, Routledge, 1990); T. Dumm, Democracy and Punishment: the Disciplinary Origins of the United States (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1987); I. Hacking, 'Making up People', in T. Heller, M. Sosna and D. Wellberg (eds), Reconstructing Individualism: Autonomy, Individuality, and the Self in Western Thought (Palo Alto, CA, Stanford University Press, 1986); S. Deetz, 'Disciplinary Power in the Modern Corporation', in M. Alvesson and H. Willmott (eds), Critical Management Studies (London, Sage, 1992), pp. 21-45; and P. Armstrong, 'The influence of Michel Foucault on accounting research', Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 5 (1994), 25-55.
39. See respectively N. Parton, Governing the Family: Child Care, Child Protection, and the State (London, Macmillan, 1991); S. Ball (ed.), Foucault and Education: Disciplines and Knowledge (London, Routledge, 1990); T. Dumm, Democracy and Punishment: the Disciplinary Origins of the United States (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1987); I. Hacking, 'Making up People', in T. Heller, M. Sosna and D. Wellberg (eds), Reconstructing Individualism: Autonomy, Individuality, and the Self in Western Thought (Palo Alto, CA, Stanford University Press, 1986); S. Deetz, 'Disciplinary Power in the Modern Corporation', in M. Alvesson and H. Willmott (eds), Critical Management Studies (London, Sage, 1992), pp. 21-45; and P. Armstrong, 'The influence of Michel Foucault on accounting research', Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 5 (1994), 25-55.
40. Foucault, 'The Subject and Power', p. 212.
41. Foucault, 'The Subject and Power', p. 212.
42. C. Gordon, 'Government Rationality: an Introduction', in Burchell et al., Foucault Effect, p. 5.
43. Foucault, 'The Subject and Power, p. 220.
44. Foucault, 'The Subject and Power', p. 220.
45. Indeed, one of Gordon's own collaborators argues that liberalism requires political subjects to become self-activating and free agents in order to make them 'governable', See G. Burchell, 'Peculiar Interests: Civil Society and Governing "The System of Natural Liberty"', in Burchell et al., Foucault Effect, p. 119. Clearly agency here appears less as an expression of individual creativity than as a form of power that imposes itself upon the individual and does so in accord with the needs of the state.
46. Foucault, Discipline and Punish, p. 184.
47. Foucault, 'The Subject and Power', p. 216.
48. See, for example, J. Habermas, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity (Cambridge, Polity, 1987); N. Fraser, 'Foucault on Modern Power: Empirical Insights and Normative Confusions', in Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory (Cambridge, Polity, 1989), pp. 17-34; M. Philip, 'Foucault on power: a problem in radical translation?', Political Theory, 11 (1983), 29-52; and C. Taylor, 'Foucault on Freedom and Truth', in Philosophical Papers, Vol. 2: Philosophy in the Human Sciences (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 152-84.
49. See, for example, J. Habermas, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity (Cambridge, Polity, 1987); N. Fraser, 'Foucault on Modern Power: Empirical Insights and Normative Confusions', in Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory (Cambridge, Polity, 1989), pp. 17-34; M. Philip, 'Foucault on power: a problem in radical translation?', Political Theory, 11 (1983), 29-52; and C. Taylor, 'Foucault on Freedom and Truth', in Philosophical Papers, Vol. 2: Philosophy in the Human Sciences (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 152-84.
50. See, for example, J. Habermas, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity (Cambridge, Polity, 1987); N. Fraser, 'Foucault on Modern Power: Empirical Insights and Normative Confusions', in Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory (Cambridge, Polity, 1989), pp. 17-34; M. Philip, 'Foucault on power: a problem in radical translation?', Political Theory, 11 (1983), 29-52; and C. Taylor, 'Foucault on Freedom and Truth', in Philosophical Papers, Vol. 2: Philosophy in the Human Sciences (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 152-84.
51. See, for example, J. Habermas, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity (Cambridge, Polity, 1987); N. Fraser, 'Foucault on Modern Power: Empirical Insights and Normative Confusions', in Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory (Cambridge, Polity, 1989), pp. 17-34; M. Philip, 'Foucault on power: a problem in radical translation?', Political Theory, 11 (1983), 29-52; and C. Taylor, 'Foucault on Freedom and Truth', in Philosophical Papers, Vol. 2: Philosophy in the Human Sciences (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 152-84.
52. I have defended these two possibilities respectively in M. Bevir, 'The individual in society', Political Studies, 44 (1996), 102-14; and M. Bevir, 'Objectivity in history', History and Theory, 33 (1994), 328-44. For an example of the differences I think they would make to one of Foucault's works, see M. Bevir, 'A humanist critique of the archaeology of the human sciences', Storia della Storiographia, 32 (1997), 17-32.
53. I have defended these two possibilities respectively in M. Bevir, 'The individual in society', Political Studies, 44 (1996), 102-14; and M. Bevir, 'Objectivity in history', History and Theory, 33 (1994), 328-44. For an example of the differences I think they would make to one of Foucault's works, see M. Bevir, 'A humanist critique of the archaeology of the human sciences', Storia della Storiographia, 32 (1997), 17-32.
54. I have defended these two possibilities respectively in M. Bevir, 'The individual in society', Political Studies, 44 (1996), 102-14; and M. Bevir, 'Objectivity in history', History and Theory, 33 (1994), 328-44. For an example of the differences I think they would make to one of Foucault's works, see M. Bevir, 'A humanist critique of the archaeology of the human sciences', Storia della Storiographia, 32 (1997), 17-32.
55. See H. Pulnam, Reason, Truth, and History (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1981), pp. 155-68; and W. Quine, Word and Object (Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1960), p. 59.
56. See H. Pulnam, Reason, Truth, and History (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1981), pp. 155-68; and W. Quine, Word and Object (Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1960), p. 59.