Business routes of influence in Brussels: Exploring the choice of direct representation

Political Studies

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 240-257

  Bennett, Robert J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033147696     PISSN: 00323217     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9248.00198     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Commission of the European Communities, An Open and Structured Dialogue between the Commission and Special Interest Groups (Brussels, 1992) SEC (92) 2272.
2. 2 J. Greenwood, J. R. Grote and K. Ronit, Organised Interests and the European Community, (London, Sage, 1992); S. Mazey and J. Richardson (eds), Lobbying in the European Community (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1993); R. H. Pedler and M. P. C. M. van Schendelen (eds), Lobbying in the European Union: Companies, Trade Associations and Issue Groups (Aldershot, Dartmouth, 1994).
3. J. Greenwood, J. R. Grote and K. Ronit, Organised Interests and the European Community, (London, Sage, 1992); S. Mazey and J. Richardson (eds), Lobbying in the European Community (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1993); R. H. Pedler and M. P. C. M. van Schendelen (eds), Lobbying in the European Union: Companies, Trade Associations and Issue Groups (Aldershot, Dartmouth, 1994).
4. J. Greenwood, J. R. Grote and K. Ronit, Organised Interests and the European Community, (London, Sage, 1992); S. Mazey and J. Richardson (eds), Lobbying in the European Community (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1993); R. H. Pedler and M. P. C. M. van Schendelen (eds), Lobbying in the European Union: Companies, Trade Associations and Issue Groups (Aldershot, Dartmouth, 1994).
5. Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community.
6. 4 See e.g. J. Greenwood and K. Ronit. 'Interest groups in the European Community', West European Politics, 71, 1 (1994), 31-52; J. Greenwood (ed.), European Casebook on Business Alliances (London, Prentice Hall, 1995); Pedler and van Schendelen, Lobbying in the European Union; W. Grant, 'Pressure Groups and the European Community: an Overview', in Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community, pp. 27-46.
7. See e.g. J. Greenwood and K. Ronit. 'Interest groups in the European Community', West European Politics, 71, 1 (1994), 31-52; J. Greenwood (ed.), European Casebook on Business Alliances (London, Prentice Hall, 1995); Pedler and van Schendelen, Lobbying in the European Union; W. Grant, 'Pressure Groups and the European Community: an Overview', in Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community, pp. 27-46.
8. See e.g. J. Greenwood and K. Ronit. 'Interest groups in the European Community', West European Politics, 71, 1 (1994), 31-52; J. Greenwood (ed.), European Casebook on Business Alliances (London, Prentice Hall, 1995); Pedler and van Schendelen, Lobbying in the European Union; W. Grant, 'Pressure Groups and the European Community: an Overview', in Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community, pp. 27-46.
9. See e.g. J. Greenwood and K. Ronit. 'Interest groups in the European Community', West European Politics, 71, 1 (1994), 31-52; J. Greenwood (ed.), European Casebook on Business Alliances (London, Prentice Hall, 1995); Pedler and van Schendelen, Lobbying in the European Union; W. Grant, 'Pressure Groups and the European Community: an Overview', in Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community, pp. 27-46.
10. See e.g. J. Greenwood and K. Ronit. 'Interest groups in the European Community', West European Politics, 71, 1 (1994), 31-52; J. Greenwood (ed.), European Casebook on Business Alliances (London, Prentice Hall, 1995); Pedler and van Schendelen, Lobbying in the European Union; W. Grant, 'Pressure Groups and the European Community: an Overview', in Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community, pp. 27-46.
11. Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'.
12. 6. M. P. C. M. van Schendelen (ed.), National, Public and Private EC Lobbying (Aldershot, Dartmouth, 1993); Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'.
13. M. P. C. M. van Schendelen (ed.), National, Public and Private EC Lobbying (Aldershot, Dartmouth, 1993); Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'.
14. 7 See Economic and Social Committee, Community Advisory Committee for the Representation of Socio-economic Interests (Farnborough, Saxon House, 1980); Commission of the European Communities, An Open and Structured Dialogue.
15. See Economic and Social Committee, Community Advisory Committee for the Representation of Socio-economic Interests (Farnborough, Saxon House, 1980); Commission of the European Communities, An Open and Structured Dialogue.
16. Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'.
17. Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community.
18. 10 Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community', p. 43; J. McLaughlin, A. G. Jordan and W. Maloney 'Corporate lobbying in the European Community', Journal of Common Market Studies, 31, 2 (1993), 192-211; Grant, 'Pressure Groups in the European Community'.
19. Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community', p. 43; J. McLaughlin, A. G. Jordan and W. Maloney 'Corporate lobbying in the European Community', Journal of Common Market Studies, 31, 2 (1993), 192-211; Grant, 'Pressure Groups in the European Community'.
20. Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community', p. 43; J. McLaughlin, A. G. Jordan and W. Maloney 'Corporate lobbying in the European Community', Journal of Common Market Studies, 31, 2 (1993), 192-211; Grant, 'Pressure Groups in the European Community'.
21. 11 van Schendelen, National, Public and Private EC Lobbying; Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community: Greenwood, European Casebook.
22. van Schendelen, National, Public and Private EC Lobbying; Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community: Greenwood, European Casebook.
23. van Schendelen, National, Public and Private EC Lobbying; Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community: Greenwood, European Casebook.
24. Greenwood, European Casebook, p. 6.
25. McLaughlin et al., 'Corporate lobbying in the European Community'.
26. Greenwood, European Casebook.
27. 15 W. Streeck and P. C. Schmitter (eds), Private Interest Government: Beyond Market and State (London, Sage, 1985); J. R. Bowman, Capitalist Collective Action: Competition, Co-operation and Conflict in the Coal Industry (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989); M. S. Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action: Interfirm Relations and their Consequences (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1992); B. Unger and F. van Waarden, Convergence or Diversity: Internationalisation and Economic Policy Response (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'; Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community; C. Crouch and F. Traxler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe: What Future? (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); R. J. Bennett, 'The impact of European economic integration on business associations: the UK case', West European Politics, 20, 3 (1997), 61-90.
28. W. Streeck and P. C. Schmitter (eds), Private Interest Government: Beyond Market and State (London, Sage, 1985); J. R. Bowman, Capitalist Collective Action: Competition, Co-operation and Conflict in the Coal Industry (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989); M. S. Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action: Interfirm Relations and their Consequences (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1992); B. Unger and F. van Waarden, Convergence or Diversity: Internationalisation and Economic Policy Response (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'; Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community; C. Crouch and F. Traxler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe: What Future? (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); R. J. Bennett, 'The impact of European economic integration on business associations: the UK case', West European Politics, 20, 3 (1997), 61-90.
29. W. Streeck and P. C. Schmitter (eds), Private Interest Government: Beyond Market and State (London, Sage, 1985); J. R. Bowman, Capitalist Collective Action: Competition, Co-operation and Conflict in the Coal Industry (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989); M. S. Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action: Interfirm Relations and their Consequences (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1992); B. Unger and F. van Waarden, Convergence or Diversity: Internationalisation and Economic Policy Response (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'; Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community; C. Crouch and F. Traxler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe: What Future? (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); R. J. Bennett, 'The impact of European economic integration on business associations: the UK case', West European Politics, 20, 3 (1997), 61-90.
30. W. Streeck and P. C. Schmitter (eds), Private Interest Government: Beyond Market and State (London, Sage, 1985); J. R. Bowman, Capitalist Collective Action: Competition, Co-operation and Conflict in the Coal Industry (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989); M. S. Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action: Interfirm Relations and their Consequences (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1992); B. Unger and F. van Waarden, Convergence or Diversity: Internationalisation and Economic Policy Response (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'; Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community; C. Crouch and F. Traxler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe: What Future? (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); R. J. Bennett, 'The impact of European economic integration on business associations: the UK case', West European Politics, 20, 3 (1997), 61-90.
31. W. Streeck and P. C. Schmitter (eds), Private Interest Government: Beyond Market and State (London, Sage, 1985); J. R. Bowman, Capitalist Collective Action: Competition, Co-operation and Conflict in the Coal Industry (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989); M. S. Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action: Interfirm Relations and their Consequences (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1992); B. Unger and F. van Waarden, Convergence or Diversity: Internationalisation and Economic Policy Response (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'; Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community; C. Crouch and F. Traxler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe: What Future? (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); R. J. Bennett, 'The impact of European economic integration on business associations: the UK case', West European Politics, 20, 3 (1997), 61-90.
32. W. Streeck and P. C. Schmitter (eds), Private Interest Government: Beyond Market and State (London, Sage, 1985); J. R. Bowman, Capitalist Collective Action: Competition, Co-operation and Conflict in the Coal Industry (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989); M. S. Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action: Interfirm Relations and their Consequences (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1992); B. Unger and F. van Waarden, Convergence or Diversity: Internationalisation and Economic Policy Response (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'; Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community; C. Crouch and F. Traxler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe: What Future? (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); R. J. Bennett, 'The impact of European economic integration on business associations: the UK case', West European Politics, 20, 3 (1997), 61-90.
33. W. Streeck and P. C. Schmitter (eds), Private Interest Government: Beyond Market and State (London, Sage, 1985); J. R. Bowman, Capitalist Collective Action: Competition, Co-operation and Conflict in the Coal Industry (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989); M. S. Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action: Interfirm Relations and their Consequences (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1992); B. Unger and F. van Waarden, Convergence or Diversity: Internationalisation and Economic Policy Response (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'; Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community; C. Crouch and F. Traxler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe: What Future? (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); R. J. Bennett, 'The impact of European economic integration on business associations: the UK case', West European Politics, 20, 3 (1997), 61-90.
34. W. Streeck and P. C. Schmitter (eds), Private Interest Government: Beyond Market and State (London, Sage, 1985); J. R. Bowman, Capitalist Collective Action: Competition, Co-operation and Conflict in the Coal Industry (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989); M. S. Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action: Interfirm Relations and their Consequences (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1992); B. Unger and F. van Waarden, Convergence or Diversity: Internationalisation and Economic Policy Response (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'; Mazey and Richardson, Lobbying in the European Community; C. Crouch and F. Traxler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe: What Future? (Aldershot, Avebury, 1995); R. J. Bennett, 'The impact of European economic integration on business associations: the UK case', West European Politics, 20, 3 (1997), 61-90.
35. Bowman, Capitalist Collective Action.
36. Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action.
37. 18 Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government; J. McLaughlin et al., 'Corporate lobbying in the EC'; Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'.
38. Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government; J. McLaughlin et al., 'Corporate lobbying in the EC'; Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'.
39. Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government; J. McLaughlin et al., 'Corporate lobbying in the EC'; Greenwood and Ronit, 'Interest groups in the European Community'.
40. See e.g. E. H. Lorenz, 'Flexible production systems and the social construction of trust', Politics and Society, 21, 3 (1993), 307-24.
41. S. Bowen, 'Companies, Trade Associations and Information Exchange', in R. J. Bennett (ed.), Trade Associations in Britain and Germany (London and Bonn, Anglo-German Foundation, 1997), pp. 35-39.
42. 21 Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government; F. van Waarden, 'Two Logics of Collective Action? Business Associations as Distinct from Trade Unions: the Problem of Associations of Organizations', in D. Sadowski and O. Jacobi (eds), Employers' Associations in Europe: Policy and Organisation (Baden-Baden, Nomos, 1991), pp. 51-84; B. Unger and F. van Waarden, Convergence or Diversity; Crouch and Tracler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe.
43. Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government; F. van Waarden, 'Two Logics of Collective Action? Business Associations as Distinct from Trade Unions: the Problem of Associations of Organizations', in D. Sadowski and O. Jacobi (eds), Employers' Associations in Europe: Policy and Organisation (Baden-Baden, Nomos, 1991), pp. 51-84; B. Unger and F. van Waarden, Convergence or Diversity; Crouch and Tracler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe.
44. Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government; F. van Waarden, 'Two Logics of Collective Action? Business Associations as Distinct from Trade Unions: the Problem of Associations of Organizations', in D. Sadowski and O. Jacobi (eds), Employers' Associations in Europe: Policy and Organisation (Baden-Baden, Nomos, 1991), pp. 51-84; B. Unger and F. van Waarden, Convergence or Diversity; Crouch and Tracler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe.
45. Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government; F. van Waarden, 'Two Logics of Collective Action? Business Associations as Distinct from Trade Unions: the Problem of Associations of Organizations', in D. Sadowski and O. Jacobi (eds), Employers' Associations in Europe: Policy and Organisation (Baden-Baden, Nomos, 1991), pp. 51-84; B. Unger and F. van Waarden, Convergence or Diversity; Crouch and Tracler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe.
46. M. Olson, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 2nd ed., 1971).
47. 23 See e.g. Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government; W. Grant (ed.), Business Interests, Organisational Development and Private Interest Government (Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 1987); van Schendelen, National, Public and Private Lobbying; Sadowski and Jacobi, Employer's Association in Europe; L. Lanzalaco, 'Coping with Heterogeneity: Peak Associations of Business within and across Western European Nations', in Greenwood et al., Organised Interests and the European Community, pp. 173-92.
48. See e.g. Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government; W. Grant (ed.), Business Interests, Organisational Development and Private Interest Government (Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 1987); van Schendelen, National, Public and Private Lobbying; Sadowski and Jacobi, Employer's Association in Europe; L. Lanzalaco, 'Coping with Heterogeneity: Peak Associations of Business within and across Western European Nations', in Greenwood et al., Organised Interests and the European Community, pp. 173-92.
49. See e.g. Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government; W. Grant (ed.), Business Interests, Organisational Development and Private Interest Government (Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 1987); van Schendelen, National, Public and Private Lobbying; Sadowski and Jacobi, Employer's Association in Europe; L. Lanzalaco, 'Coping with Heterogeneity: Peak Associations of Business within and across Western European Nations', in Greenwood et al., Organised Interests and the European Community, pp. 173-92.
50. See e.g. Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government; W. Grant (ed.), Business Interests, Organisational Development and Private Interest Government (Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 1987); van Schendelen, National, Public and Private Lobbying; Sadowski and Jacobi, Employer's Association in Europe; L. Lanzalaco, 'Coping with Heterogeneity: Peak Associations of Business within and across Western European Nations', in Greenwood et al., Organised Interests and the European Community, pp. 173-92.
51. See e.g. Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government; W. Grant (ed.), Business Interests, Organisational Development and Private Interest Government (Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 1987); van Schendelen, National, Public and Private Lobbying; Sadowski and Jacobi, Employer's Association in Europe; L. Lanzalaco, 'Coping with Heterogeneity: Peak Associations of Business within and across Western European Nations', in Greenwood et al., Organised Interests and the European Community, pp. 173-92.
52. Greenwood, European Casebook, p. 9.
53. Greenwood, European Casebook, p. 293.
54. A. O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice and Loyalty (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1970); A. O. Hirschman, Shifting Involvements: Private Interest and Public Action (Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1982).
55. A. O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice and Loyalty (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1970); A. O. Hirschman, Shifting Involvements: Private Interest and Public Action (Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1982).
56. See Greenwood, European Casebook, who cites 'Interest groups and public policy: the insider outsider model revised', Journal of Public Policy, 14 (1995), 17-38.
57. A. O. Hirschman, Shifting Involvements.
58. M. Useem, The Inner Circle: Large Corporations and the Rise of Business Political Activity in the US and UK (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1984).
59. Greenwood, European Casebook, p. 12.
60. R. J. Bennett, 'Business associations and economic development: re-exploring an interface between the state and market', Environment and Planning A, 30 (1998), 1367-87.
61. See Bennett, 'Business associations and economic development'.
62. 33 Bowman, Capitalist Collective Action; Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action.
63. Bowman, Capitalist Collective Action; Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action.
64. 34 Olson, The Logic of Collective Action; Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government.
65. Olson, The Logic of Collective Action; Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government.
66. M. W. Hardy, Regression with Dummy Variables (London, Sage, 1993).
67. 36 Olson, The Logic of Collective Action; Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government.
68. Olson, The Logic of Collective Action; Streeck and Schmitter, Private Interest Government.