Determining causation in epidemiology

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 161-

  Scheutz, Flemming ^a   Poulsen, Sven ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AARHUS   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Causal effect; Causal models; Epidemiology; Philosophy

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HUMAN; LOGIC; STATISTICAL MODEL;

CAUSALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; HUMANS; LOGIC; MODELS, STATISTICAL;

EID: 0033142278     PISSN: 03015661     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1999.tb02006.x     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Weed DL. Criticism and its constraints: a self-appraisal and rejoinder. In: Rothman KJ, editor. Causal inference. Chestnut Hill (MA): Epidemiology Resources; 1988. p. 201-7.
2. Evans AS. Casusation and disease: a chronological journey. Am J Epidemiol 1995;142:1126-35.
3. Chalmers AF. What is this thing called science? Queensland, Australia: Univ Queensland Pr; 1982.
4. Scheutz F. Basic principles and methods of oral epidemiology. In: Pine CM, editor. Community oral health. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1996. p. 55-74.
5. Popper KR. The logic of scientific discovery. London: Hutchinson; 1986. p. 40-3.
6. Susser M. The logic of Sir Karl Popper and the practice of epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:711-8.
7. Weed DL. On the logic of causal inference. Am J Epidemiol 1986;123:965-79.
8. Lanes SF. The logic of casual inference in medicine. In: Rothman KJ, editor. Causal inference. Chestnut Hill (MA): Epidemiology Resources; 1988. p. 59-75.
9. Maclure M. Popperian refutation in epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 1985;121:343-50.
10. Karhausen LR. The poverty of Popperian epidemiology. Int J Epidemiol 1995;24:869-74.
11. Greenland S. Probability versus Popper: an elaboration of the insufficiency of current Popperian approaches for epidemiologic analysis. In: Rothman KJ, editor. Causal inference. Chestnut Hill (MA): Epidemiology Resources; 1988. p. 95-104.
12. Taubes G. Epidemiology faces its limits. Science 1995;269:164-9.
13. Last JM. A dictionary of epidemiology. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1995.
14. MacMahon B, Trichopoulos D. Principles of epidemiology. Boston, MA: Little, Brown; 1996.
15. Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Modern epidemiology. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott-Raven; 1998.
16. Greenland S. Randomization, statistics, and causal inference. Epidemiology 1990;1:421-9.
17. Hill AB. The environment and disease. Association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 1965;8:295-300.
18. Scheutz F, Melbye M, Esteban JI, Aldershvile J, Ebbesen P, Alter HJ. Hepatitis B virus infection in Danish dentists. A case-control and follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol 1988;128:190-6.
19. Holland PW. Statistics and causal inference. J Am Stat Assoc 1986;81:945-60.
20. Rothman KJ. Causes. Am J Epidemiol 1976;104:587-92.
21. Karhausen LR. The logic of causation in epidemiology. Scand J Soc Med 1996;24:8-13.
22. Beck JD. Risk revisited. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998;26:220-5.
23. Victora CG, Huttly SR, Fuchs SC, Olinto MTA. The role of conceptual frameworks in epidemiological analysis: a hierarchical approach. Int J Epidemiol 1997;26:224-7.