Cross-modality priming between odors and odor-congruent words

American Journal of Psychology

Volumn 112, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 175-186

  Pauli, Paul ^b   Bourne Jr , Lyle Eugene ^a   Diekmann, Heike ^c   Birbaumer, Niels ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^c University of Tübingen ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEARNING; MALE; ODOR; SEMANTICS;

ADULT; ASSOCIATION LEARNING; ATTENTION; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; SEMANTICS; SMELL; VERBAL LEARNING;

EID: 0033138994     PISSN: 00029556     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1423349     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Bradley, M. M., Greemwald, M. K., Petry, M. C., & Lang, P. J. (1992). Remembering pictures: Pleasure and arousal in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 379-390.
2. Cattell, J. M. (1886). The time it takes to see and name objects. Mind, 11, 63-65.
3. Cohen, J. D., Dunbar, K., & McClelland, J. L. (1990). On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect. Psychological Review, 97, 332-361.
4. Ehrlichman, H., Brown, S., Zhu, J., & Warrenburg, S. (1995). Startle reflex modulation during exposure to pleasant and unpleasant odors. Psychophysiology, 32, 150-154.
5. Ehrlichman, H., & Halpern, J. N. (1988). Affect and memory: Effects of pleasant and unpleasant odors on retrieval of happy and unhappy memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 769-779.
6. Eich, E. (1995). Searching for mood dependent memory. Psychological Science, 6, 67-75.
7. Gilbert, A. N., Martin, R., & Kemp, S. E. (1996). Cross-modal correspondence between vision and olfaction: The color of smells. American Journal of Psychology, 109, 335-351.
8. Hinton, W. M. J. (1976). The effects of the number and spacing of base item repetitions on reaction time to Stroop-like stimuli. (Doctoral dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1976). Dissertation Abstracts International, 37, 1005-B.
9. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1990). Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychological Review, 97, 377-398.
10. Langhammer, T. (1994). Erstellung eines Fragebogens zur Unterscheidung der subjektiven Qualität sechs verschiedener Duftstoffe [Construction of a questionnaire to differentiate the subjective quality of six different odors]. Unpublished thesis, University of Tübingen, Germany.
11. Lavy, E. H., & van den Hout, M. (1993). Attentional bias for appetitive cues: Effects of fasting on normal subjects. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 21, 297-310.
12. Logan, G. D. (1980). Attention and automaticity in Stroop and priming tasks: Theory and data. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 523-553.
13. Lyman, B. J., & McDaniel, M. A. (1990). Memory for odors and odor names: Modalities of elaboration and imagery. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 656-664.
14. MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163-203.
15. McCloskey, M., & Macaruso, P. (1995) Representing and using numerical information. American Psychologist, 50, 351-363.
16. Miltner, W., Matjak, M., Braun, C., Diekmann, H., & Brody, S. (1994). Emotional qualities and their influence on the startle reflex in humans. Psychophysiology, 31, 107-110.
17. Neill, W. T. (1978). Decision processes in selective attention: Response priming in the Stroop color-word task. Perception and Psychophysics, 23, 80-84.
18. Schab, F. R. (1990). Odors and the remembrance of things past. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 648-655.
19. Schab, F. R. (1991). Odor memory: Taking stock. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 242-251.
20. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
21. van Toller, S. (1988). Odors' and the brain. In S. Van Toller & G. Dodd (Eds.), Perfumery: The psychology and biology of fragrance (pp. 121-146). London: Chapman & Hall.
22. von Zerssen, D. (1976). Die Befindlichkeits-Skala [The well-being scale]. Weinheim: Beltz Test.
23. Williams, J. M. G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 3-24.