Training, skills and caseloads of community mental health support workers involved in case management: Evaluation from the initial UK demonstration sites

Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 187-197

  Ward, M F ^a,b   Armstrong, C ^c   Lelliott, P ^d   Davies, M ^e  

^a ROYAL COLLEGE OF NURSING   (United Kingdom)

^b Oxfordshire Mental Hlthcare NHS T   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

^d ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Case management; Caseloads; Mental health; Supervision; Training

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CASE MANAGEMENT; EDUCATION; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HUMAN; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; NURSING; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PSYCHIATRIC NURSING; UNITED KINGDOM; WORKLOAD;

CASE MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; NURSING, SUPERVISORY; PROGRAM EVALUATION; PSYCHIATRIC NURSING; WORKLOAD;

EID: 0033138960     PISSN: 13510126     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2850.1999.630187.x     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Agar M.H. (1980) The Informal Stranger: an informal introduction to ethnography, p. 104. Academic Press, New York.
2. Andrews G.A. & Teesson M. (1994) Smart versus dumb treatment: services for mental disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 7, 181-185.
3. Armstrong C. & Ward M.F. (1996) An audit of the training, skills and caseloads of community mental health support workers involved in case management. Interim Report No. 12, National Institute for Nursing, Oxford.
4. Audit Commission (1994) Finding a place: a review of mental health services for adults. HMSO, London.
5. Bachrach L.L. (1993) Continuity of care and approaches to case management for long term mentally ill patients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 44, 465-468.
6. Bagnor-Drowns T. (1986) Review of developments in metaanalytic methods. Psychological Bulletin 99, 388-399.
7. Becker H. (1971) Sociological Work. Allen Lane, London.
8. Beeforth M., Conlan E. & Graley R. (1994) Have we got views for you: user evaluation of case management. The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, London.
9. Belcher J.R. (1993) The trade-offs of developing a case management model for chronically mentally ill people. Health and Social Work 18, 20-31.
10. Bergen A. (1994) Case management in the community: identifying a role for nursing. Journal of Clinical Nursing 3, 251-257.
11. Bernstein L. & Bernstein R.S. (1985) Interviewing: a guide for health professionals, 4th edn. Appleton-Century-Crofts, Norwalk, Connecticut.
12. Burns T. (1994) USA community support services: a British perspective. Journal of Mental Health - UK 3, 23-30.
13. Burns J.R. & Santos A.B. (1995) Assertive community treatment: an update of randomised trials. Psychiatric Services 46, 669-674.
14. Chamerlain R. & Rapp C. (1991) A decade of case management: a methodological review of outcome research. Community Mental Health Journal 27, 171-188.
15. DoH (1992) The Health of the Nation. HMSO, London.
16. DoH (1993) Key Area Handbook: Mental Health. HMSO, London.
17. DoH (1994a) Working in Partnership: a Review of Mental Health Nursing. HMSO, London.
18. DoH (1994b) Key Area Handbook: Mental Health. HMSO, London.
19. DoH (1995) A Report of the Schizophrenia Committee of the Clinical Standards Advisory Group. HMSO, London.
20. DoH (1997) The Spectrum of Care: Local Services for People with Mental Health Problems. HMSO, London.
21. Dobson F. (1998) Modernising Mental Health Services Statement by the Secretary of State for Health in the House of Commons. Tuesday 8th December 1998. Department of Health Press Office, London.
22. Drury V., Birchwood M., Cochrane R. & Macmillan F. (1996) Cognitive therapy and recovery from acute psychosis: a controlled Trial 1. Impact on psychotic symptoms. British Journal of Psychiatry 169, 593-601.
23. Fielding A. (1993) Coding and managing data. In: Researching Social Life (ed. Gilbert N.), pp. 38-60. Sage Publications, London.
24. Fink A., Kosecoff J., Chassin M. & Brook R. (1984) Consensus methods: characteristics and guidelines for use. American Journal of Public Health 74, 979-983.
25. Ford R. & Warner L. (1996) Reasoning the needs. Health Service Journal 106, 24-25.
26. Gilchrist S. & Knapp M. (1994) Economics and mental health. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 7, 173-180.
27. Gournay K. & Brooking J. (1994) Community psychiatric nursing in primary health care. British Journal of Psychiatry 165, 231-238.
28. Harris M. & Bergman H. (1987) Case management with the chronically mentally ill. Journal of Case Management 38, 1276-1280.
29. Holloway F. (1991) Case management for the mentally ill: looking at the evidence. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 37, 2-13.
30. Hunt M. (1991) Qualitative research. In: The Research Process in Nursing (ed. Cormack D.F.S.), pp. 117-128. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
31. Hutchinson M., Linton G. & Lucas J. (1990) User information pack: from policy to practice. M.I.N.D. South East London.
32. Huxley P. (1991) Effective case management for mentally ill people: the relevance of recent evidence from the USA for case management services in the United Kingdom. Social Work and Social Services Review 2, 192-203.
33. Intagliata J. (1982) Improving the quality of care for the chronically mentally disabled: the role of the case manager. Schizophrenia Bulletin 8, 655-674.
34. Johnson S. (1998) The implications of dual diagnosis for service provision. The Mental Health Review 3, 14-19.
35. Jones J. (1996) Community-based mental health in Italy: are there lessons for Britain? Health and Place 2, 125-128.
36. Jones J. & Hunter D. (1996) Consensus methods for medical and health services research. In: Qualitative Research in Health Care (eds. Mays N. & Pope C.). British Medical Journal Publishing Company, London.
37. Jones J. & Ward M.F. (1998) English Mental Health Case Management: a survey of caseloads, skills, training and organisational structures. Royal College of Nursing Institute Report. Royal College of Nursing Institute, Oxford.
38. Kanter J. (1989) Clinical case management. Definition, principles, components. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 40, 361-368.
39. Kings Fund (1998) Working Together in London. Press release 18th March. Kings Fund, London.
40. Kirk S.A., Koeske G.F. & Koeske R.D. (1993) Changes in health and job attitudes of case managers providing intensive services. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 44, 168-173.
41. Lamb R. (1980) Therapist case managers: more than brokers of services. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 31, 762-764.
42. Linzen D., Dingeman P., Van der Does J.M., Nugter A., Scholte P., Lenoir R. & Goldstein M. (1996) Treatment, expressed emotion and relapse in recent onset schizophrenia disorders. Psychological Medicine 26, 565-578.
43. Loffland J. & Loffland L.H. (1995) Analyzing Social Settings, 3rd edn., pp. 135-142. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont.
44. Macias C., Kinney R., Farley O.W. & Jackson R. (1994) The role of case management within community support systems: partnership with psychosocial rehabilitation. Community Mental Health Journal 30, 323-339.
45. Marsh C. (1982) The survey method: the contribution of surveys to sociological explanation. Allen and Unwin, London.
46. Marshall M., Gray A., Lockwood A. & Green R. (1997) Case management for severe mental disorders. In: Schizophrenia Module of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (eds. Adams C.E. de Jesus & Mari-J White P.). Issue 2. The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford.
47. Maurin J. (1990) Case management: caring for psychiatric clients. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing 28, 8-12.
48. May P. (1996) Joint training for mental health key workers: part 1. Nursing Standard 10, 39-42.
49. McCraken G. (1988) The Long Interview. Sage, Newbury Park.
50. McGrew J.H., Bond G.R., Dietzen L., McKasson M. & Miller L.D. (1995) A multi-site study of client outcomes in assertive community treatment. Psychiatric Services 46, 696-701.
51. Mechanic D. (1995) Challenges in the provision of mental health services: some cautionary lessons from US experience. Journal of Public Health Medicine 17, 132-139.
52. Morgan S. (1993) Community Mental Health. Chapman & Hall, London.
53. Muijen M. (1994) Rehabilitation and care of the mentally ill. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 7, 202-206.
54. Murray A., Shepherd G., Onyett S. & Muijen M. (1997) More than a Friend: the role of support workers in community mental health services. The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, London.
55. Onyett S. (1992) Case Management in Mental Health. Chapman & Hall, London.
56. Onyett S. (1995) Responsibility and accountability in community mental health teams. Psychiatric Bulletin 19, 281-285.
57. Perkins R., Buckfield R. & Choy D. (1997) Access to employment: a supported employment project to enable mental health service users to obtain jobs within mental health teams. Journal of Mental Health 6, 307-318.
58. Perry S. & Kalberer J.T. (1980) The NIH consensus development program and the assessment of health care technologies: the first two years. New England Journal of Medicine 303, 169-372.
59. Piling S. (1991) Rehabilitation and Community Care, p. 143. Routledge, London.
60. Pozner A., Ng M.L., Hammond J. & Shepherd G. (1996) Working It Out: Creating Work Opportunities for People with Mental Health Problems. SCMH/Pavilion Publishing, Brighton.
61. Quinlivan R., Hough R., Crowell A., Beach C., Hofstetten R. & Kenworthy K. (1995) Service utilisation and costs of care for severely mentally ill clients in an intensive case management programme. Psychiatric Services 46, 365-371.
62. Rapp C. (1988) The Strengths Perspective of Case Management with Persons Suffering from Severe Mental Illness. Longman, New York.
63. Renshaw J. (1988) Care in the community: individual care planning and case management. British Journal of Social Work 10, 79-105.
64. Repper J. & Peecham W. (1991) A suitable case for management? Nursing Times 87, 62-65.
65. Rossler W., Loffler W., Fatkenheuer B. & Reicher-Rossler A. (1992) Does case management reduce the re-hospitalisation rate? Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia 86, 445-449.
66. Rothman I. (1992) Guidelines for Case Management: Putting Research to Professional Use. Peacock Publications, Itasca I.L.
67. Royal College of Psychiatrists (1997) Community Psychiatric Nursing. Occasional Paper OP40. Royal College of Psychiatrists, London.
68. Rubin A. (1992) Is case management effective for people with severe mental illness? A research review. Health and Social Work 17, 138-150.
69. Ryan P., Ford R. & Clifford P. (1991) Case management and community care. Research and Development in Psychiatry, London.
70. Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health (1997) Pulling together: future roles and training of mental health staff. Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, London.
71. Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health (1998) Keys to Engagement. Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, London.
72. Shepherd G. (1990) Case management. Health Trends 22, 59-61.
73. Shepherd G. (1998) Models of community care. Journal of Mental Health 7, 165-177.
74. Shepherd G., Beardsmore A., Moore C., Hardy P. & Muijen M. (1997) Relation between bed use, social deprivation, and overall bed availability in acute psychiatric units, and alternative residential options: a cross sectional survey, one day census data and staff interviews. British Medical Journal 313, 262-266.
75. Silverman D. (1985) Qualitative Methodology and Sociology. Gower, Aldershot.
76. Stein L.I. (1992) On the abolishment of the case manager. Health Affairs 11, 172-177.
77. Stein L.I. & Test M.A. (1980) Alternative to mental hospital treatment. 1. Conceptional model, treatment programme, and clinical evaluation. Archives of General Psychiatry 37, 392-397.
78. Stein L.I., Test M.A. & Marx A.J. (1975) Alternative to the hospital: a controlled study. American Journal of Psychiatry 132, 517-522.
79. Stern P.N. (1985) Using grounded theory method in nursing research. In: Qualitative Research Methods in Nursing (ed. Leininger M.M.), pp. 149-160. Grune & Stratton, Orlando.
80. Stocking B., Jennet B. & Spiby J. (1991) Criteria for change. In: The History and Impact of Consensus Development Conferences in the UK. Kings Fund Centre, London.
81. Test M. (1979) Continuity of care in community treatment. New Directions for Mental Health Services 1, 15-23.
82. Thornicroft G. (1991) The concept of case management services for mentally disabled clients. Community Mental Health Journal 28, 163-180.