Brachial and crural indices of European Late Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic humans

Journal of Human Evolution

Volumn 36, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 549-566

  Holliday, Trenton W ^a  

^a TULANE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Climatic adaptation; Limb proportions; Modern human origins

Indexed keywords

MESOLITHIC; MORPHOLOGY; PALEOLITHIC;

EUROPE;

HOMO SAPIENS;

EID: 0033136646     PISSN: 00472484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jhev.1998.0289     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Aldrich, J. W. & James, F. C. (1991). Ecogeographical variation in the American robin (Turdus migratorius). The Auk 108, 230-249.
2. Allen, J. A. (1877). The influence of physical conditions in the genesis of species. Radical Review 1, 108-140.
3. Badoux, D. M. (1965). Probabilité d'une différenciation due au climat chez les Néandertaliens d'Europe. L'Anthropologie 69(1-2), 75-82.
4. Biasutti, R. (1951). Radio-humeral and tibio-femoral indexes in fossil and living man. Homo 2, 97-99.
5. Bräuer, G. (1992). Africa's place in the evolution of Homo sapiens. In (G. Bräuer & F. H. Smith, Eds) Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, pp. 83-98. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema.
6. Brennan, M. U. (1991). Health and disease in the Middle and Upper Paleolithic of Southwestern France: a bioarcheological study. Ph.D. Dissertation, New York University.
7. Caspari, R. (1992). Skeletal reflections of increased mobility in the Central European Upper Paleolithic. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. Suppl. 14, 58 (Abstract).
8. Churchill, S. E. (1996). Neandertal scapular axillary border morphology revisited. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. Suppl. 22, 85 (Abstract).
9. Coon, C. S. (1962). The Origin of Races. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
10. Feldesman, M. R., Kleckner, J. G. & Lundy, J. K. (1990). Femur/stature ratio and estimates of stature in mid- and late-Pleistocene fossil hominids. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 83, 359-372.
11. Formicola, V. & Giannecchini, M. (1999). Evolutionary trends of stature in Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic Europe. J. hum. Evol. in press.
12. Frayer, D. W. (1980). Sexual dimorphism and cultural evolution in the late Pleistocene and Holocene of Europe. J. hum. Evol. 9, 399-415.
13. Frayer, D. W. (1981). Body size, weapon use, and natural selection in the European Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic. Am. Anthrop. 8, 357-373.
14. Frayer, D. W. (1984). Biological and cultural changes in the European Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. In (F. H. Smith & F. Spencer, Eds) The Origins of Modern Humans: A World Survey of the Fossil Evidence, pp. 211-250. New York: Alan R. Liss.
15. Frayer, D. W. (1992). Evolution at the European edge: Neanderthal and Upper Paleolithic relationships. Préhist. Europ. 2, 9-69.
16. Frayer, D. W., Wolpoff, M. H., Thorne, A. G., Smith, F. H. & Pope, G. G. (1993). Theories of modern human origins: The paleontological test. Am. Anthrop. 95, 14-50.
17. Graves, G. R. (1991). Bergmann's rule near the equator: Latitudinal clines in body size of an Andean passerine bird. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 2322-2325.
18. Hamill, P. V. V., Johnston, F. E. & Lemeshow, S. (1973). Body Weight, Stature and Sitting Height: White and Negro Youths 12-17 years, United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare Publication, No. (HRA) 74-1608, Vital Health Statistics Series 11, No. 126. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
19. Holliday, T. W. (1995). Body size and proportions in the Late Pleistocene Western Old World and the origins of modern humans. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of New Mexico.
20. Holliday, T. W. (1997a). Body proportions in Late Pleistocene Europe and modern human origins. J. hum. Evol. 32, 423-447.
21. Holliday, T. W. (1997b). Postcranial evidence of cold adaptation in European Neandertals. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 104, 245-258.
22. Hublin, J.-J., Spoor, F., Braun, M., Zonneveld, F. & Condemi, S. (1996). A late Neanderthal associated with Upper Palaeolithic artefacts. Nature 381, 224-226.
23. Jacobs, K. H. (1983). Hominid Body Size, Body Proportions, and Sexual Dimorphism in the European Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts.
24. Jacobs, K. H. (1985). Evolution in the postcranial skeleton of late Glacial and early Postglacial European hominids. Z. Morph. Anthrop. 75, 307-326.
25. Kozlowski, J. K. (1990). Northern central Europe c. 18 000 BP. In (O. Soffer & C. Gamble, Eds) The World at 18 000 BP: Volume One, High Latitudes, pp. 204-227. London: Unwin Hyman.
26. Lahr, M. M. (1994). The Multiregional Model of modern human origins: A reassessment of its morphological basis. J. hum. Evol. 26, 23-56.
27. Lee, M. M. C., Chu, P. C. & Chan, H. C. (1969). Effects of cold on the skeletal growth of albino rats. Am. J. Anat. 124, 239-250.
28. Lieberman, D. E. (1995). Testing hypotheses about recent human evolution from skulls: integrating morphology, function, development, and phylogeny. Curr. Anthrop. 36, 159-197.
29. Martorell, R., Malina, R. M., Castillo, F. S. & Pawson, I. G. (1988). Body proportions in three ethnic groups: children and youths 2-17 years in NHANES II and NHANES. Hum. Biol. 60, 205-222.
30. Matiegka, J. (1938). Homo predmostensis II: Ostatní cásti kostrové. Prague: Nákladem Ceské akademie Ved a Umení.
31. Münter, A. H. (1936). A study of the lengths of the long bones of the arms and legs in man, with special reference to Anglo-Saxon skeletons. Biometrika 28, 258-294.
32. Norkin, C. C. & Levangie, P. K. (1992). Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis. 2nd edn. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
33. Otte, M. (1990). The northwestern European plain around 18 000 BP. In (O. Soffer & C. Gamble, Eds) The World at 18 000 BP: Volume One, High Latitudes, pp. 54-68. London: Unwin Hyman.
34. Paterson, J. D. (1996). Coming to America: Acclimation in macaque body structures and Bergmann's rule. Int. J. Primatol. 17, 585-611.
35. Riesenfield, A. (1973). The effect of extreme temperatures and starvation on the body proportions of the rat. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 39, 427-460.
36. Roberts, D. F. (1978). Climate and Human Variability. 2nd Edition. Menlo Park: Cummings.
37. Ruff, C. B. (1994). Morphological adaptation to climate in modern and fossil hominids. Yearbk. phys. Anthrop. 37, 65-107.
38. Schultz, A. H. (1923). Fetal growth in man. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 4, 389-399.
39. Schultz, A. H. (1926). Fetal growth of man and other primates. Q. Rev. Biol. 1, 465-521.
40. Schwartz, J. H. & Tattersall, I. (1996). Significance of some previously unrecognized apomorphies in the nasal region of Homo neanderthalensis. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 10,852-10,854.
41. Slome, D. (1929). The osteology of a Bushman tribe. Ann. S. African Mus. 24, 33-60.
42. Sokal, R. R. & Braumann, C. A. (1980). Significance tests for coefficients of variation and variability profiles. Syst. Zool. 29, 50-66.
43. Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. (1981). Biometry. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Freeman.
44. Straus, L. G. (1985). Stone age prehistory of northern Spain. Science 230, 501-507.
45. Straus, L. G. (1986). The end of the paleolithic in Cantabrian Spain and Gascony. In (L. G. Straus, Ed.) The End of the Paleolithic in the Old World, pp. 81-116. Oxford: BAR-s284.
46. Straus, L. G. (1990). The last glacial maximum in Cantabrian Spain: the Solutrean. In (O. Soffer & C. Gamble, Eds) The World at 18 000 BP: Volume One, High Latitudes, pp. 89-108. London: Unwin Hyman.
47. Stringer, C. B. (1984). Human evolution and biological adaptation in the Pleistocene. In (R. Foley, Ed.) Prehistoric Human Adaptation in Biological Perspective, pp. 55-83. New York: Academic Press.
48. Stringer, C. B. (1992). Replacement, continuity and the origin of Homo sapiens. In (G. Bräuer & F. H. Smith, Eds) Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, pp. 9-24. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema.
49. Stringer, C. B. (1993). Reconstructing recent human evolution. In (M. J. Aitken, C. B. Stringer & P. A. Mellars, Eds) The Origin of Modern Humans and the Impact of Chronometric Dating, pp. 179-195. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
50. Stringer, C. B. & Andrews, P. (1988). Genetic and fossil evidence for the origin of modern humans. Science 239, 1263-1268.
51. Svoboda, J. (1990). Moravia during the Upper Pleniglacial. In (O. Soffer & C. Gamble, Eds) The World at 18 000 BP: Volume One, High Latitudes, pp. 193-203. London: Unwin Hyman.
52. Trinkaus, E. (1981). Neanderthal limb proportions and cold adaptation. In (C. B. Stringer, Ed.) Aspects of Human Evolution, pp. 187-224. London: Taylor & Francis.
53. Van Valen, L. (1973). A new evolutionary law. Evol. Theor. 1, 1-30.
54. Verneau, R. (1906). Anthropologie. In Les Grottes de Grimaldi (Baoussé-Roussé), Vol. 2, fasc. I. Monaco: Imprimerie de Monaco.
55. Von Bonin, G. (1935). European races of the Upper Paleolithic. Hum. Biol. 7, 196-221.
56. Waddle, D. M. (1994). Matrix correlation tests support a single origin for modern humans. Nature 368, 452-454.
57. Warren, M. W. (1998). Prenatal long bone growth and proportionality in fetal abortus and stillborns (Abstract). Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 26 (Suppl.), 226.
58. Weaver, M. E. & Ingram, D. L. (1969). Morphological changes in swine associated with environmental temperature. Ecology 50, 710-713.
59. Weneger, G.-C. (1990). Germany at 18 000 BP. In (O. Soffer & C. Gamble, Eds) The World at 18 000 BP: Volume One, High Latitudes, pp. 171-192. London: Unwin Hyman.
60. Wolpoff, M. H. (1989). The place of the Neandertals in human evolution. In (E. Trinkaus, Ed.) The Emergence of Modern Humans, pp. 97-141. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
61. Wolpoff, M. H. (1992). Theories of modern human origins. In (G. Bräuer & F. H. Smith, Eds) Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, pp. 25-63. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema.
62. Wolpoff, M. H., Wu, X. & Thorne, A. G. (1984). Modern Homo sapiens origins: A. general theory of hominid evolution involving the fossil evidence from East Asia. In (F. H. Smith & F. Spencer, Eds) The Origins of Modern Humans: A World Survey of the Fossil Evidence, pp. 411-483. New York: Alan R. Liss.