Studying stress: The importance of organism-level responses

Ecological Applications

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 431-440

  Maltby, Lorraine ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bioassays; Energy budgets; Gammarus feeding rate; Interpopulation variation, mechanistic basis; Physiological models, individual based; Population level effects; Stress monitoring using bioassays; Stress responses, individual and community level; Zinc tolerance

Indexed keywords

STRESS TOLERANCE;

BIOASSAY; RESPONSE ANALYSIS; STRESS;

GAMMARUS;

EID: 0033135183     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[0431:SSTIOO]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Allen, Y., P. Calow, and D. Baird. 1995. A mechanistic model of contaminant-induced feeding inhibition in Daphnia magna. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14:1625-1630.
2. Bayne, B. L., D. A. Brown, K. Burns, D. R. Dixon, A. Ivanovici, D. R. Livingstone, D. M. Lowe, M. N. Moore, A. R. D. Stebbing, and J. Widdows. 1985. The effects of stress and pollution on marine animals. Praeger, New York, New York, USA.
3. Brattsten, L. B., C. W. Holyoke, J. R. Leeper. and K. F. Raffa. 1986. Insecticide resistance: challenge to pest management and basic research. Science 231:1255-1260.
4. Brown, B. E. 1976. Observations on the tolerance of the isopod Asellus meridianus Rac. to copper and lead. Water Research 10:555-559.
5. Bryan, G. W. 1976. Some aspects of heavy metal tolerance in aquatic organisms. Pages 7-34 in A. P. M. Lockwood, editor. Effects of pollutants on aquatic organisms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
6. Bryan, G. W., and L. G. Hummerstone. 1973. Adaptation of the polychaete Nereis diversicolor to estuarine sediments containing high concentrations of zinc and cadmium. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 53: 839-857.
7. Bubel, A. 1976. Histological and electron microscopical observations on the effects of different salinities and heavy metal ions, on the gills of Jaera normanni (Rathke) (Crustacea: Isopoda). Cell and Tissue Research 167:65-95.
8. Calow, P. 1998. Handbook of ecotoxicology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
9. Calow, P., and R. M. Sibly. 1990. A physiological basis of population processes: ecotoxicological implications. Functional Ecology 4:283-288.
10. Caswell, H. 1989. Matrix population models: construction, analysis and interpretation. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
11. Clarke, K. R., and R. M. Warwick. 1994. Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. Natural Environment Research Council, London, UK.
12. Clements, W. H., D. S. Cherry, and J. Cairns, Jr. 1989. The influence of copper exposure on predator-prey interactions in aquatic insect communities. Freshwater Biology 21:483-488.
13. Couch, J. A. 1977. Ultrastructure study of lesions in gills of a marine shrimp exposed to cadmium. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 29:267-288.
14. Crane, M., P. Delaney, P. Parker, C. Walker, and S. Watson. 1995. The effect of Malathion 60 on Gammarus pulex (L.) below watercress beds. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14:1181-1188.
15. Crane, M., I. Johnson, and L. Maltby. 1996. In situ assays for monitoring the toxic impacts of waste in rivers. Pages 116-124 in J. F. Tapp, S. M. Hunt, and J. R. Wharfe, editors. Toxic impacts of wastes on the aquatic environment. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK.
16. Crane, M., and L. Maltby. 1991. Lethal and sublethal responses of Gammarus pulex to stress: sensitivity and variation in an in situ assay. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 10:1331-1339.
17. Dawson-Shepherd, A., R. M. Warwick, K. R. Clarke, and B. E. Brown. 1992. An analysis of fish community responses to coral mining in the Maldives. Environmental Biology of Fishes 33:367-380
18. DeAngelis, D. L. 1996. Indirect effects: concepts and approaches from ecological theory. Pages 25-41 in D. J. Baird, L. Maltby, P. W. Greig-Smith, and P. E. T. Douben, editors. Ecotoxicology: ecological dimensions. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
19. DeAngelis, D. L., and J. G. Gross. 1992. Individual-based models and approaches in ecology. Populations, communities and ecosystems. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
20. Din, Z. B., and A. Ahamdad. 1995. Changes in the scope for growth of blood cockles (Anadara granosa) exposed to industrial discharge. Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:406-410.
21. Donker, M. H., and C. G. Bogert. 1991. Adaptation to cadmium in three populations of the isopod Porcellio scaber. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 100C: 143-146.
22. Donker, M. H., M. H. Raedecker, and N. M. Van Straalen. 1996. The role of zinc regulation in the zinc tolerance mechanism of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber. Journal of Applied Ecology 33:955-964.
23. Donkin, P., and J. Widdows. 1986. Scope for growth as a measurement of environmental stress and pollution. Studies with bivalve molluscs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B. Biological Science 286:563-581.
24. Donkin, P., J. Widdows, S. V. Evans, F. J. Staff, and T. Yan. 1997. Effect of neurotoxic pesticides on the feeding rate of marine mussels (Mytilus edulis). Pesticide Science 49: 196-209.
25. Donkin, P., J. Widdows, D. M. Lowe. M. E. Donkin, and D. N. Price. 1996. Sub-lethal effects of waste on marine organisms: responses measured at the whole-organism level. Pages 138-145 in J. F. Tapp, S. M. Hunt, and J. R. Wharfe, editors. Toxic impacts of wastes on the aquatic environment. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK.
26. Drobne, D., and S. P. Hopkin. 1994. Ecotoxicological laboratory test for assessing the effects of chemicals on terrestrial isopods. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 53:390-397.
27. Ferrando, M. D., C. Janssen, E. Andreu, and G. Persoone. 1993. Ecotoxicological studies with the freshwater rotifer Branchionus calyciflorus. Resource competition between rotifers and daphnids under toxic stress. Science of the Total Environment Supplement 1993:1059-1069.
28. ffrench-Constant, R. H., T. A. Rocheleau, J. C. Steichen, and A. E. Chalmers. 1993. A point mutation in a Drosophila GABA receptor confers insecticide resistance. Nature 363: 449-451.
29. Forrow, D. M. 1995. Toxicological assessment of the effect of motorway runoff on stream macroinvertebrate community structure and function. Dissertation. University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
30. France, R. L., and P. M. Stokes. 1987. Life stage and population variation in resistance and tolerance of Hyalella azteca (Amphipoda) to low pH. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44:1102-1111.
31. Fraser, J., D. T. Parkin, and E. Verspoor. 1978. Tolerance to lead in the freshwater isopod Aseltus aquaticus. Water Research 12:637-641.
32. Gauch, H. G. 1982. Multivariate analysis in community ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
33. Gray, J. S., K. R. Clarke, R. M. Warwick, and G. Hobbs. 1990. Detection of initial effects of pollution on marine benthos: an example from the Ekofisk and Eldfisk oilfields, North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 66:285-299.
34. Guerin, J. L., and W. B. Stickle. 1995. Effects of cadmium on survival, osmoregulatory ability and bioenergetics of the juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus at different salinities. Marine Environmental Research 40:227-246.
35. Gurney, W. S. C., E. McCauley, R. M. Nisbet, and W. W. Murdoch. 1990. The physiological ecology of Daphnia: a dynamic model of growth and reproduction. Ecology 71: 716-732.
36. Hargeby, A., and R. C. Petersen. 1988. Effects of low pH and humus on the survivorship, growth and feeding of Gammarus pulex. Freshwater Biology 19:235-247.
37. Klerks, P. L., and J. S. Levinton. 1989. Rapid evolution of metal resistance in a benthic oligochaete inhabiting a metal-polluted site. Biological Bulletin 176:135-141.
38. Klerks, P. L., and J. S. Weis. 1987. Genetic adaptation to heavy metals in aquatic organisms: a review. Environmental Pollution 45:173-205.
39. Klok, C., and A. M. de Roos. 1996. Population level consequences of toxicological influences on individual growth and reproduction in Lumbricux rubellus (Lumbricidae, Oligochaeta). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 33: 118-127.
40. Kooijman, S. A. L. M. 1986. Population dynamics on the basis of budgets. Pages 266-297 in J. A. J. Metz and O. Diekman, editors. The dynamics of physiologically structured populations. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
41. -. 1993. Dynamic energy budgets in biological systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
42. Kooijman, S. A. L. M., and J. A. J. Metz. 1984. On the dynamics of chemically stressed populations: the deduction of population consequences from effects on individuals. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 8:254-274.
43. Kotze, A. C., N. Sales, and I. M. Barchia. 1997. Diflubenzuron tolerance associated with monooxygenase activity in field strain larvae of the Australian sheep blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Journal of Economic Entomology 90:15-20.
44. Krebs, R. A., and M. E. Feder. 1997. Natural variation in the expression of the heat-shock protein HSP70 in a population of Drosophila melanogaster and its correlation with tolerance of ecologically relevant thermal stress. Evolution 51:173-179.
45. Krebs, R. A., and V. Loeschcke. 1994. Costs and benefits of activation of the heat-shock response in Drosophila melanogaster. Functional Ecology 8:730-737.
46. Lai, P. C. C., and P. K. S. Lam. 1994. Scope for growth in a tropical freshwater snail, Brotia hainanensis: implications for monitoring sublethal toxic stressors. Internationale Vereinisung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie, Mitteilungen 24:315-320.
47. Lam, P. K. S. 1996. Sublethal effects of cadmium on the energetics of a tropical freshwater snail, Brotia hainanensis (Brot, 1872). Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality 11:345-349.
48. Lawson, S. L., M. B. Jones, and R. M. Moate. 1995. Effect of copper on the ultrastructure of the gill epithelium of Carcinus maenas (Decapoda: Brachyura). Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:187-196.
49. Ma, W. 1988. Toxicity of copper to lumbricid earthworms in sandy agricultural soils amended with Cu-enriched organic waste materials. Ecological Bulletin-NFR 39:53-56.
50. Maltby, L. 1992. The use of the physiological energetics of Gammarus pulex to assess toxicity: a study using artificial streams. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11:79-85.
51. -. 1994. Stress, shredders and streams: using Gammarus energetics to assess water quality. Pages 98-110 in D. W. Sutcliffe, editor. Water quality and stress indicators in marine and freshwater systems: linking levels of organisation. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, Cumbria, U.K.
52. -. 1996. Detritus processing. Pages 145-167 in G. Petts and P. Calow, editors. River biota. Diversity and dynamics. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
53. Maltby, L., and C. Naylor. 1990. Preliminary observations on the ecological relevance of the Gammarus 'scope for growth' assay: effect of zinc on reproduction. Functional Ecology 4:393-397.
54. Maltby, L., C. Naylor, and P. Calow. 1990a. Effect of stress on a freshwater benthic detritivore: scope for growth in Gammarus pulex. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 19:285-291.
55. Maltby, L., C. Naylor, and P. Calow. 1990b. Field deployment of a scope for growth assay involving Gammarus pulex, a freshwater benthic invertebrate. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 19:292-300.
56. Manly, B. F. J. 1994. Multivariate statistical methods. A primer. Second edition. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
57. Matthiessen, P., D. Sheahan, R. Harrison. M. Kirby, R. Rycroft, A. Turnbull, C. Volkner, and R. Williams. 1995. Use of a Gammarus pulex bioassay to measure the effects of transient carbofuran runoff from farmland. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 30:111-119.
58. McCahon, C. P., A. F. Brown. M. J. Poulton, and D. Pascoe. 1989. Effects of acid, aluminium and lime additions on fish and invertebrates in a chronically acidic Welsh stream. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 45:345-359.
59. McCauley, E., W. W. Murdoch, R. M. Nisbet, and W. S. C. Gurney. 1990. The physiological ecology of Daphnia: development of a model of growth and reproduction. Ecology 71:703-715.
60. McKenzie, J. A., and P. Batterham. 1994. The genetic, molecular and phenotypic consequences of selection for insecticide resistance. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9: 166-169.
61. Metcalfe, J. L. 1989. Biological water quality assessment of running waters based on macroinvertebrate communities: history and present status in Europe. Environmental Pollution 60:101-139.
62. Metz, J. A. J., A. M. de Roos, and F. van den Bosch. 1988. Population models incorporating physiological structure: a quick survey of the basic concepts and an application to size-structured population dynamics in waterfleas. Pages 106-126 in B. Ebenman and L. Persson, editors. Size-structured populations. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
63. Mouchès, C., N. Pasteur, J. B. Bergé, O. Hyrien, M. Raymond, R. Rober de Saint Vincent, M. de Silvestri, and G. P. Georghiou. 1986. Amplification of an esterase gene is responsible for insecticide resistance in a California Culex mosquito. Science 233:778-780.
64. Naylor, C., L. Pindar, and P. Calow. 1990. Inter- and intraspecific variation in sensitivity to toxins; the effects of acidity and zinc on the freshwater crustaceans Asellus aquaticus (L.) and Gammarus pulex (L.). Water Research 24: 757-762.
65. Nonnotte, L., F. Boitel, and J. P. Truchot. 1993. Waterborne copper causes gill damage and haemolymph hypoxia in the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:1569-1576.
66. Paloheimo, J. E., S. J. Crabtree, and W. D. Taylor. 1982. Growth model of Daphnia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 39:598-606.
67. Peakall, D. 1992. Animal biomarkers as pollution indicators. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
68. Posthuma, L. 1990. Genetic differentiation between populations of Orchesella cincta (Collembola) from heavy metal contaminated sites. Journal of Applied Ecology 27:609-622.
69. Posthuma, L., and N. M. Van Straalen. 1993. Heavy-metal adaptation in terrestrial invertebrates: a review of occurrence, genetics, physiology and ecological consequences. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 106C:11-38.
70. Postma, J. F., P. Van Nugteren, and M. B. Buckert De Jong. 1996. Increased cadmium excretion in metal-adapted populations of the midge Chironomus riparius (Diptera). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15:332-339.
71. Purdom, C. E., P. A. Hardiman, V. J. Bye, N. C. Eno, C. R. Tyler, and J. P. Sumpter. 1994. Estrogenic effects of effluents from sewage treatment works. Chemistry and Ecology 8:275-285.
72. Raymond, M., V. Beyssat-Arnaouty, N. Sivasubramanian, C. Mouchès, G. P. Georghiou, and N. Pasteur. 1989. Amplification of various esterase B's responsible for organophosphate resistance in Culex mosquitoes. Biochemical Genetics 27:417-423.
73. Roberts, D. A. 1996. Variation in sensitivity to metals in two freshwater crustaceans, Asellus aqualicus and Gammarus pulex: observations and mechanisms. Dissertation. University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
74. Roddie, B., T. Kedwards, and M. Crane. 1992. Potential impact of watercress farm discharges on the freshwater amphipod, Gammarus pulex L. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 48:63-69.
75. Roddie, B., C. J. Redshaw, and S. Nixon, S. 1996. Sub-lethal biological effects monitoring using the common mussel (Mytilus edulis): comparison of laboratory and in situ effects of an industrial effluent discharge. Pages 125-137 in J. F. Tapp, S. M. Hunt, and J. R. Wharfe, editors. Toxic impacts of wastes on the aquatic environment. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK.
76. Rosenberg, D. M., and V. H. Resh. 1993. Freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.
77. Schuytema, G. S., A. V. Nebeker, and W. L. Griffis. 1994. Effects of dietary exposure to forest pesticides on the brown garden snail Helix aspersa. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 26:23-28.
78. Spicer, J. I., D. Morritt, and L. Maltby. 1998. Effect of waterborne zinc on osmoregulation in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex (L.) from populations that differ in their sensitivity to metal stress. Functional Ecology 12:242-247.
79. Spicer, J. I., and R. E. Weber. 1991. Respiratory impairment in crustaceans and molluscs due to exposure to heavy metals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 100C:339-342.
80. Spicer, J. I., and R. E. Weber. 1992. Respiratory impairment by water-borne copper and zinc in the edible crab Cancer pagurus (L.) (Crustacea: Decapoda) during hypoxic exposure. Marine Biology 112:429-435.
81. Stickle, W. B. 1985. Effects of environmental factor gradients on scope for growth in several species of carnivorous marine invertebrates. Pages 601-616 in J. S. Gray and M. E. Christiansen, editors. Marine biology of polar regions and effects of stress on marine organisms. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA.
82. Stuhlbacher, A., and L. Maltby. 1992. Cadmium resistance in Gammarus pulex (L.) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 22:319-324.
83. Tattersfield, L. J. 1993. Effects of copper on the energy budget of a stream detritivore: validation and ecological relevance. Dissertation. University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
84. Tranvik, L., G. Bengtsson, and S. Rundgren. 1993. Relative abundance and resistance traits of two Collembola species under metal stress. Journal of Applied Ecology 30:43-52.
85. Van Straalen, N. M., T. B. A. Burghouts, M. J. Doornhof, G. M. Groot, M. P. M. Janssen, E. N. G. Joosse, J. H. Van Meerendonk, J. P. J. J. Theeuwen, H. A. Verhoef, and H. R. Zoomer. 1987. Efficiency of lead and cadmium excretion in populations of Orchesella cincta (Collembola) from various contaminated forest soils. Journal of Applied Ecology 24:953-968.
86. Veerasingham, M., and M. Crane. 1992. Impact of farm waste on freshwater invertebrate abundance and the feeding rate of Gammarus pulex L. Chemosphere 25:869-874.
87. Warren, C. E., and G. E. Davis. 1967. Laboratory studies on the feeding, bioenergetics and growth of fish. Pages 175-214 in S. D. Gerking, editor. The biological basis of freshwater fish production. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK.
88. Warwick, O. W. T. 1997. The use of a biomarker to assess the effect of xenobiotic exposure on the freshwater invertebrate Gammarus pulex. Dissertation. University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
89. Washington, H. G. 1984. Diversity, biotic and similarity indices. A review with special relevance to aquatic ecosystems. Water Research 18:653-692.
90. Weeks, J. M. 1993. Effects of dietary copper and zinc concentrations on feeding rates of two species of talitrid amphipods (Crustacea). Bulletin Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 50:883-890.
91. Widdows, J., P. Donkin, M. D. Brinsley, S. V. Evans, P. N. Salkeld, A. Franklin, R. J. Law, and M. J. Waldock. 1995. Scope for growth and contaminant levels in North Sea mussels, Mytilus edulis. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 127: 131-148.
92. Widdows, J., P. Donkin, S. V. Evans, D. S. Page, and P. N. Salkeld. 1994. Sublethal biological effects and chemical contaminants monitoring of Sullom Voe (Shetland) using mussels (Mytilus edulis). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B 103:99-112.
93. Widdows, J., C. Nasci, and V. U. Fossato. 1996. Effects of pollution on the scope for growth of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Venice Lagoon, Italy. Marine Environmental Research 43:69-79.
94. Widdows, J., and D. S. Page. 1993. Effects of tributyltin and dibutyltin on the physiological energetics of the mussel, Mytilus edulis. Marine Environmental Research 35:233-249.