메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 106, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 565-573

Delirium: A symptom of how hospital care is failing older persons and a window to improve quality of hospital care

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; HYPNOTIC SEDATIVE AGENT; NARCOTIC AGENT; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT;

EID: 0033134711     PISSN: 00029343     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00070-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (342)

References (103)
  • 1
    • 0004271807 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: American Association of Retired Persons
    • American Association of Retired Persons and the Administration on Aging. A Profile of Older Americans: 1995. Washington, DC: American Association of Retired Persons, 1995.
    • (1995) A Profile of Older Americans: 1995
  • 2
    • 0027981586 scopus 로고
    • The dilemma of delirium: Clinical and research controversies regarding diagnosis and evaluation of delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients
    • Inouye S.K. The dilemma of delirium clinical and research controversies regarding diagnosis and evaluation of delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients . Am J Med. 97:1994;278-288.
    • (1994) Am J Med , vol.97 , pp. 278-288
    • Inouye, S.K.1
  • 3
    • 0020327176 scopus 로고
    • Adverse consequences of hospitalization in the elderly
    • Gillick M.R., Serrell N.A., Gillick L.S. Adverse consequences of hospitalization in the elderly. Soc Sci Med. 16:1982;1033-1038.
    • (1982) Soc Sci Med , vol.16 , pp. 1033-1038
    • Gillick, M.R.1    Serrell, N.A.2    Gillick, L.S.3
  • 6
    • 0027204202 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis of delirium in elderly hospital patients
    • Cole M.G., Primeau F.J. Prognosis of delirium in elderly hospital patients. Can Med Assoc J. 149:1993;41-46.
    • (1993) Can Med Assoc J , vol.149 , pp. 41-46
    • Cole, M.G.1    Primeau, F.J.2
  • 7
    • 0027295953 scopus 로고
    • Acute delirium and functional decline in the hospitalized elderly patient
    • Murray A.M., Levkoff S.E., Wetle T.T., et al. Acute delirium and functional decline in the hospitalized elderly patient. J Gerontol: Med Sci. 48:1993;M181-M186.
    • (1993) J Gerontol: Med Sci , vol.48
    • Murray, A.M.1    Levkoff, S.E.2    Wetle, T.T.3
  • 8
    • 0027486727 scopus 로고
    • A predictive model for delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients based on admission characteristics
    • Inouye S.K. A predictive model for delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients based on admission characteristics. Ann Intern Med. 119:1992;474-481.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , pp. 474-481
    • Inouye, S.K.1
  • 9
    • 0031916490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does delirium contribute to poor hospital outcomes? A three-site epidemiologic study
    • Inouye S.K., Rushing J.T., Foreman M.D., Palmer R.M., Pompei P. Does delirium contribute to poor hospital outcomes? A three-site epidemiologic study. J Gen Intern Med. 13:1998;234-242.
    • (1998) J Gen Intern Med , vol.13 , pp. 234-242
    • Inouye, S.K.1    Rushing, J.T.2    Foreman, M.D.3    Palmer, R.M.4    Pompei, P.5
  • 11
    • 0026506903 scopus 로고
    • Delirium: The occurrence and persistence of symptoms among elderly hospitalized patients
    • Levkoff S.E., Evans D.A., Liptzin B., et al. Delirium the occurrence and persistence of symptoms among elderly hospitalized patients . Arch Intern Med. 152:1992;334-340.
    • (1992) Arch Intern Med , vol.152 , pp. 334-340
    • Levkoff, S.E.1    Evans, D.A.2    Liptzin, B.3
  • 12
    • 0027314741 scopus 로고
    • The occurrence and duration of symptoms in elderly patients with delirium
    • Rockwood K. The occurrence and duration of symptoms in elderly patients with delirium. J Gerontol: Med Sci. 48:1993;M162-M166.
    • (1993) J Gerontol: Med Sci , vol.48
    • Rockwood, K.1
  • 14
    • 0013818007 scopus 로고
    • Complications in the care of five hundred elderly hospitalized patients
    • Reichel W. Complications in the care of five hundred elderly hospitalized patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 13:1965;973-981.
    • (1965) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.13 , pp. 973-981
    • Reichel, W.1
  • 15
    • 0019432894 scopus 로고
    • Iatrogenic illness on a general medicine service at a university hospital
    • Steel K., Gertman P.M., Crescenzi C., Anderson J. Iatrogenic illness on a general medicine service at a university hospital. NEJM. 304:1981;638-642.
    • (1981) NEJM , vol.304 , pp. 638-642
    • Steel, K.1    Gertman, P.M.2    Crescenzi, C.3    Anderson, J.4
  • 16
    • 84948008208 scopus 로고
    • Hospital-acquired complications in a randomized controlled clinical trial of a geriatric consultation team
    • Becker P.M., McVey L.J., Saltz C.C., Feussner J.R., Cohen H.J. Hospital-acquired complications in a randomized controlled clinical trial of a geriatric consultation team. JAMA. 257:1987;2313-2317.
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.257 , pp. 2313-2317
    • Becker, P.M.1    McVey, L.J.2    Saltz, C.C.3    Feussner, J.R.4    Cohen, H.J.5
  • 17
    • 0025924692 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients
    • Brennan T.A., Leape L.L., Laird N.M., et al. Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients. NEJM. 324:1991;370-376.
    • (1991) NEJM , vol.324 , pp. 370-376
    • Brennan, T.A.1    Leape, L.L.2    Laird, N.M.3
  • 18
    • 0029917496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons: Predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability
    • Inouye S.K., Charpentier P.A. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability . JAMA. 275:1996;852-857.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 852-857
    • Inouye, S.K.1    Charpentier, P.A.2
  • 20
    • 0027389893 scopus 로고
    • Hazards of hospitalization of the elderly
    • Creditor M.C. Hazards of hospitalization of the elderly. Ann Intern Med. 118:1993;219-223.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.118 , pp. 219-223
    • Creditor, M.C.1
  • 21
    • 0027483812 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of a nursing-centered intervention in hospitalized elderly medical patients: The Yale Geriatric Care Program
    • Inouye S.K., Wagner D.R., Acampora D., Horwitz R.I., Cooney L.M., Tinetti M.E. A controlled trial of a nursing-centered intervention in hospitalized elderly medical patients the Yale Geriatric Care Program . J Am Geriatr Soc. 41:1993;1353-1360.
    • (1993) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.41 , pp. 1353-1360
    • Inouye, S.K.1    Wagner, D.R.2    Acampora, D.3    Horwitz, R.I.4    Cooney, L.M.5    Tinetti, M.E.6
  • 22
    • 0024411396 scopus 로고
    • Delirium among elderly persons admitted to a psychiatric hospital: Clinical course during the acute stage and one-year follow-up
    • Koponen H., Stenback U., Mattila E., Soininen H., Reinikainen K., Riekkinen P.J. Delirium among elderly persons admitted to a psychiatric hospital clinical course during the acute stage and one-year follow-up . Acta Psychiatr Scand. 79:1989;579-585.
    • (1989) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.79 , pp. 579-585
    • Koponen, H.1    Stenback, U.2    Mattila, E.3    Soininen, H.4    Reinikainen, K.5    Riekkinen, P.J.6
  • 23
    • 0021357868 scopus 로고
    • Rationale for the use of hypnotic agents in a general hospital
    • Perry S.W., Wu A. Rationale for the use of hypnotic agents in a general hospital. Ann Intern Med. 100:1984;441-446.
    • (1984) Ann Intern Med , vol.100 , pp. 441-446
    • Perry, S.W.1    Wu, A.2
  • 24
    • 0025277704 scopus 로고
    • The use of sedative-hypnotic drugs in a university teaching hospital
    • O'Reilly R., Rusnak C. The use of sedative-hypnotic drugs in a university teaching hospital. Can Med Assoc J. 142:1990;585-589.
    • (1990) Can Med Assoc J , vol.142 , pp. 585-589
    • O'Reilly, R.1    Rusnak, C.2
  • 25
    • 0026555330 scopus 로고
    • Overcoming problems with polypharmacy and drug misuse in the elderly
    • Montamat S.C., Cusack B. Overcoming problems with polypharmacy and drug misuse in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 8:1992;143-158.
    • (1992) Clin Geriatr Med , vol.8 , pp. 143-158
    • Montamat, S.C.1    Cusack, B.2
  • 26
    • 0026749036 scopus 로고
    • Acute confusional states in older adults and the role of polypharmacy
    • Stewart R.B., Hale W.E. Acute confusional states in older adults and the role of polypharmacy. Annu Rev Health. 13:1992;415-430.
    • (1992) Annu Rev Health , vol.13 , pp. 415-430
    • Stewart, R.B.1    Hale, W.E.2
  • 27
    • 0023626486 scopus 로고
    • Adverse drug reactions associated with global cognitive impairment in elderly persons
    • Larson E.B., Kukull W.A., Buchner D., Reifler B.V. Adverse drug reactions associated with global cognitive impairment in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med. 107:1987;169-173.
    • (1987) Ann Intern Med , vol.107 , pp. 169-173
    • Larson, E.B.1    Kukull, W.A.2    Buchner, D.3    Reifler, B.V.4
  • 28
    • 0024614291 scopus 로고
    • Confusion in the hospitalized elderly: Incidence, onset and associated factors
    • Foreman M.D. Confusion in the hospitalized elderly incidence, onset and associated factors . Res Nurs Health. 12:1989;21-29.
    • (1989) Res Nurs Health , vol.12 , pp. 21-29
    • Foreman, M.D.1
  • 29
    • 0024464763 scopus 로고
    • Delirium after elective orthopedic surgery: Risk factors and natural history
    • Rogers M.P., Liang M.H., Daltroy L.H., et al. Delirium after elective orthopedic surgery risk factors and natural history . Intl J Psychiatry in Medicine. 19:1989;109-121.
    • (1989) Intl J Psychiatry in Medicine , vol.19 , pp. 109-121
    • Rogers, M.P.1    Liang, M.H.2    Daltroy, L.H.3
  • 30
    • 0028117068 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of postoperative delirium with psychoactive medications
    • Marcantonio E.R., Juarez G., Goldman L., et al. The relationship of postoperative delirium with psychoactive medications. JAMA. 272:1994;1518-1522.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 1518-1522
    • Marcantonio, E.R.1    Juarez, G.2    Goldman, L.3
  • 33
    • 0026505007 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly
    • Schor J.D., Levkoff S.E., Lipsitz L.A., et al. Risk factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly. JAMA. 267:1992;827-831.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 827-831
    • Schor, J.D.1    Levkoff, S.E.2    Lipsitz, L.A.3
  • 34
    • 0023896124 scopus 로고
    • Acute confusional states in elderly patients treated for femoral neck fracture
    • Gustafson Y., Berggren D., Brannstrom B., et al. Acute confusional states in elderly patients treated for femoral neck fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc. 36:1988;525-530.
    • (1988) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.36 , pp. 525-530
    • Gustafson, Y.1    Berggren, D.2    Brannstrom, B.3
  • 35
    • 0025174041 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of delirium in hospitalized elderly
    • Francis J., Martin D., Kapoor W.N. A prospective study of delirium in hospitalized elderly. JAMA. 263:1990;1097-1101.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.263 , pp. 1097-1101
    • Francis, J.1    Martin, D.2    Kapoor, W.N.3
  • 37
    • 0025225326 scopus 로고
    • The Senior Care Study: The optimal use of medications in acutely ill older patients
    • Owens N.J., Sherburne N.J., Silliman R.A., Fretwell M.D. The Senior Care Study the optimal use of medications in acutely ill older patients . J Am Geriatr Soc. 38:1990;1082-1087.
    • (1990) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.38 , pp. 1082-1087
    • Owens, N.J.1    Sherburne, N.J.2    Silliman, R.A.3    Fretwell, M.D.4
  • 38
    • 0026649652 scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate medication is a major cause of adverse drug reactions in elderly patients
    • Lindley C.M., Tully M.P., Paramsothy V., Tallis R.C. Inappropriate medication is a major cause of adverse drug reactions in elderly patients. Age Ageing. 21:1992;294-300.
    • (1992) Age Ageing , vol.21 , pp. 294-300
    • Lindley, C.M.1    Tully, M.P.2    Paramsothy, V.3    Tallis, R.C.4
  • 39
    • 0029066463 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events: Implications for prevention
    • Bates D.W., Cullen D.J., Laird N., et al. Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events implications for prevention . JAMA. 274:1995;29-34.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 29-34
    • Bates, D.W.1    Cullen, D.J.2    Laird, N.3
  • 40
    • 0013539911 scopus 로고
    • Difference in the presentation of disease
    • W.R. Hazzard, R. Andres, E.L. Bierman, & J.P. Blass. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Rosenthal G., Steel K. Difference in the presentation of disease. Hazzard W.R., Andres R., Bierman E.L., Blass J.P., Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. 2nd ed. 1990;212-217 McGraw-Hill, New York.
    • (1990) Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. 2nd Ed. , pp. 212-217
    • Rosenthal, G.1    Steel, K.2
  • 41
    • 0023300828 scopus 로고
    • Medical student attitudes toward the elderly: A critical review of the literature
    • Adelman R.D., Albert R.C. Medical student attitudes toward the elderly a critical review of the literature . Gerontol Geriatr Ed. 7:1987;141-155.
    • (1987) Gerontol Geriatr Ed , vol.7 , pp. 141-155
    • Adelman, R.D.1    Albert, R.C.2
  • 42
    • 0027342883 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes of medical students and family practice residents toward geriatric patients
    • Brooks T.R. Attitudes of medical students and family practice residents toward geriatric patients. J Natl Med Assoc. 85:1993;61-64.
    • (1993) J Natl Med Assoc , vol.85 , pp. 61-64
    • Brooks, T.R.1
  • 43
    • 0027434899 scopus 로고
    • Geriatric medicine: Does teaching alter medical students' attitudes to elderly people?
    • Deary I.J., Smith R., Mitchell C., Maclennan W.J. Geriatric medicine does teaching alter medical students' attitudes to elderly people? Med Ed. 27:1993;399-405.
    • (1993) Med Ed , vol.27 , pp. 399-405
    • Deary, I.J.1    Smith, R.2    Mitchell, C.3    Maclennan, W.J.4
  • 44
    • 0026834136 scopus 로고
    • Working with the elderly: Do student nurses care for it?
    • Stevens J.A., Crouch M. Working with the elderly do student nurses care for it? Austral J Adv Nursing. 9:1992;12-17.
    • (1992) Austral J Adv Nursing , vol.9 , pp. 12-17
    • Stevens, J.A.1    Crouch, M.2
  • 45
    • 0027907169 scopus 로고
    • Ageing matters
    • Buckwalter K. Ageing matters. Nursing Times. 89:1993;54-57.
    • (1993) Nursing Times , vol.89 , pp. 54-57
    • Buckwalter, K.1
  • 46
    • 0029799561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The purpose of advance medical planning - Autonomy for patients or limitation of care?
    • Levinsky N.G. The purpose of advance medical planning - autonomy for patients or limitation of care? NEJM. 335:1996;741-743.
    • (1996) NEJM , vol.335 , pp. 741-743
    • Levinsky, N.G.1
  • 47
    • 0020334411 scopus 로고
    • Effect of patient age on duration of medical encounters with physicians
    • Keeler E.B., Solomon D.H., Beck J.C., Mendenhall R.C., Kane R.L. Effect of patient age on duration of medical encounters with physicians. Med Care. 20:1982;1101-1108.
    • (1982) Med Care , vol.20 , pp. 1101-1108
    • Keeler, E.B.1    Solomon, D.H.2    Beck, J.C.3    Mendenhall, R.C.4    Kane, R.L.5
  • 49
    • 0023026994 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of house staff work rounds on two academic general medicine services
    • Wray N.P., Friedland J.A., Ashton C.M., Scheurich J., Zollo A.J. Characteristics of house staff work rounds on two academic general medicine services. J Med Educ. 61:1986;893-900.
    • (1986) J Med Educ , vol.61 , pp. 893-900
    • Wray, N.P.1    Friedland, J.A.2    Ashton, C.M.3    Scheurich, J.4    Zollo, A.J.5
  • 50
    • 0022743959 scopus 로고
    • The influence of elderly patients' mental condition on nurse-patient interaction
    • Armstrong-Esther C.A. The influence of elderly patients' mental condition on nurse-patient interaction. J Adv Nursing. 11:1986;379-387.
    • (1986) J Adv Nursing , vol.11 , pp. 379-387
    • Armstrong-Esther, C.A.1
  • 51
    • 0025175334 scopus 로고
    • Comparing outcomes of care before and after implementation of the DRG-based prospective payment system
    • Kahn K.L., Keeler E.B., Sherwood M.J., et al. Comparing outcomes of care before and after implementation of the DRG-based prospective payment system. JAMA. 264:1990;1984-1988.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.264 , pp. 1984-1988
    • Kahn, K.L.1    Keeler, E.B.2    Sherwood, M.J.3
  • 52
    • 0029743742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline in hospital utilization and cost inflation under managed care in California
    • Robinson J.C. Decline in hospital utilization and cost inflation under managed care in California. JAMA. 276:1996;1060-1064.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 1060-1064
    • Robinson, J.C.1
  • 53
    • 0013551544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: Bureau of Data Management, September, HCFA Pub. No. 03394.
    • Division of Health Care Information Services. 1996 HCFA Statistics. Washington, DC: Bureau of Data Management, September 1996, HCFA Pub. No. 03394.
    • (1996) 1996 HCFA Statistics
  • 54
    • 0025093323 scopus 로고
    • Quality of care before and after implementation of the DRG-based prospective payment system: A summary of effects
    • Rogers W.H., Draper D., Kahn K.L., et al. Quality of care before and after implementation of the DRG-based prospective payment system a summary of effects . JAMA. 264:1990;1989-1994.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.264 , pp. 1989-1994
    • Rogers, W.H.1    Draper, D.2    Kahn, K.L.3
  • 55
    • 0025169090 scopus 로고
    • Prospective payment system and impairment at discharge
    • Kosecoff J., Kahn K.L., Rogers W.H., et al. Prospective payment system and impairment at discharge. JAMA. 264:1990;1980-1983.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.264 , pp. 1980-1983
    • Kosecoff, J.1    Kahn, K.L.2    Rogers, W.H.3
  • 56
    • 0013551545 scopus 로고
    • Post-discharge outcomes and care planning for the hospitalized elderly
    • E. McClelland, K. Kelly, & K.C. Buckwalter. Orlando, FL: Grune and Stratton
    • Johnson H., Fethke C. Post-discharge outcomes and care planning for the hospitalized elderly. McClelland E., Kelly K., Buckwalter K.C., Continuity of Care Advancing the Concept of Discharge Planning . 1985;229-240 Grune and Stratton, Orlando, FL.
    • (1985) Continuity of Care: Advancing the Concept of Discharge Planning , pp. 229-240
    • Johnson, H.1    Fethke, C.2
  • 57
    • 0023352827 scopus 로고
    • The posthospital needs and care of patients: Implication for discharge planning
    • Wolock I., Schlesinger E., Dinerman M., Seaton R. The posthospital needs and care of patients implication for discharge planning . Soc Work Health Care. 12:1987;61-76.
    • (1987) Soc Work Health Care , vol.12 , pp. 61-76
    • Wolock, I.1    Schlesinger, E.2    Dinerman, M.3    Seaton, R.4
  • 58
    • 0028278478 scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive discharge planning for the hospitalized elderly: A randomized clinical trial
    • Naylor M., Brooten D., Jones R., Lavizzo-Mourey R., Mezey M., Pauly M. Comprehensive discharge planning for the hospitalized elderly a randomized clinical trial . Ann Intern Med. 120:1994;999-1006.
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.120 , pp. 999-1006
    • Naylor, M.1    Brooten, D.2    Jones, R.3    Lavizzo-Mourey, R.4    Mezey, M.5    Pauly, M.6
  • 60
    • 0028950846 scopus 로고
    • The association between the quality of inpatient care and early readmission
    • Ashton C.M., Kuykendall D.H., Johnson M.L., Wray N.P., Wu L. The association between the quality of inpatient care and early readmission. Ann Intern Med. 122:1995;415-421.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.122 , pp. 415-421
    • Ashton, C.M.1    Kuykendall, D.H.2    Johnson, M.L.3    Wray, N.P.4    Wu, L.5
  • 61
    • 0024398863 scopus 로고
    • How do house officers spend their nights? A time study of internal medical house staff on call
    • Lurie N., Rank B., Parenti C., Woolley T., Snoke W. How do house officers spend their nights? A time study of internal medical house staff on call. NEJM. 320:1989;1673-1677.
    • (1989) NEJM , vol.320 , pp. 1673-1677
    • Lurie, N.1    Rank, B.2    Parenti, C.3    Woolley, T.4    Snoke, W.5
  • 62
    • 0024996901 scopus 로고
    • The on-call experience of interns in internal medicine
    • Nerenz D., Rosman H., Newcomb C., et al. The on-call experience of interns in internal medicine. Arch Intern Med. 150:1990;2294-2297.
    • (1990) Arch Intern Med , vol.150 , pp. 2294-2297
    • Nerenz, D.1    Rosman, H.2    Newcomb, C.3
  • 63
    • 0027238827 scopus 로고
    • Are things different in the light of day? A time study of internal medicine house staff days
    • Parenti C., Lurie N. Are things different in the light of day? A time study of internal medicine house staff days. Am J Med. 94:1993;654-658.
    • (1993) Am J Med , vol.94 , pp. 654-658
    • Parenti, C.1    Lurie, N.2
  • 64
    • 0028489866 scopus 로고
    • Lower Medicare mortality among a set of hospitals known for good nursing care
    • Aiken L.H., Smith H.L., Lake E.T. Lower Medicare mortality among a set of hospitals known for good nursing care. Med Care. 32:1994;771-787.
    • (1994) Med Care , vol.32 , pp. 771-787
    • Aiken, L.H.1    Smith, H.L.2    Lake, E.T.3
  • 65
    • 17744405340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of unlicensed assistive personnel on nursing care delivery
    • Krapohl G.L., Larson E. The impact of unlicensed assistive personnel on nursing care delivery. Nursing Econ. 14:1996;99-110.
    • (1996) Nursing Econ , vol.14 , pp. 99-110
    • Krapohl, G.L.1    Larson, E.2
  • 66
    • 0028398752 scopus 로고
    • Use of unlicensed assistive personnel by hospitals
    • Barter M., McLaughlin F.E., Thomas S.A. Use of unlicensed assistive personnel by hospitals. Nursing Econ. 12:1994;82-87.
    • (1994) Nursing Econ , vol.12 , pp. 82-87
    • Barter, M.1    McLaughlin, F.E.2    Thomas, S.A.3
  • 67
    • 0026485967 scopus 로고
    • A study of unlicensed personnel who provide assistance to the nurse
    • Special Report
    • Kalanek C. A study of unlicensed personnel who provide assistance to the nurse. J Nurs Care Qual. 1992:49-55. Special Report.
    • (1992) J Nurs Care Qual , pp. 49-55
    • Kalanek, C.1
  • 70
    • 0028471211 scopus 로고
    • Geriatric models of care: Which one's right for your institution?
    • NICHE Project Faculty . Geriatric models of care which one's right for your institution? Am J Nurs. 94:1994;21-23.
    • (1994) Am J Nurs , vol.94 , pp. 21-23
  • 72
    • 0016086035 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a reorientation technique on postcardiotomy delirium
    • Budd S., Brown W. Effect of a reorientation technique on postcardiotomy delirium. Nurs Res. 23:1974;341-348.
    • (1974) Nurs Res , vol.23 , pp. 341-348
    • Budd, S.1    Brown, W.2
  • 74
    • 0013544940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection for outpatient mastectomies: HHS notifies medicare managed care plans of prohibition on time limits for breast cancer surgery
    • February 12
    • HCFA Press Office. Protection for outpatient mastectomies: HHS notifies Medicare managed care plans of prohibition on time limits for breast cancer surgery. Welcome to HCFA, In the News. February 12, 1997. Available from: URL:http://www.hcfa.gov/news/n970212.htm.
    • (1997) Welcome to HCFA, In the News
  • 75
    • 0013473408 scopus 로고
    • Chicago, IL: American Hospital Association
    • American Hospital Association. AHA Hospital Stat 1995/96. Chicago, IL: American Hospital Association, 1995.
    • (1995) AHA Hospital Stat 1995/96
  • 76
    • 0029363935 scopus 로고
    • Transformation of the nursing workforce
    • Aiken L.H. Transformation of the nursing workforce. Nurs Outlook. 43:1995;201-209.
    • (1995) Nurs Outlook , vol.43 , pp. 201-209
    • Aiken, L.H.1
  • 77
    • 0029846146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Payment by capitation and the quality of care
    • Berwick D.M. Payment by capitation and the quality of care. NEJM. 335:1996;1227-1232.
    • (1996) NEJM , vol.335 , pp. 1227-1232
    • Berwick, D.M.1
  • 78
    • 0028359244 scopus 로고
    • Primary care performance in fee-for-service and prepaid health care systems: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study
    • Safran D.G., Tarlov A.R., Rogers W.H. Primary care performance in fee-for-service and prepaid health care systems results from the Medical Outcomes Study . JAMA. 271:1994;1579-1586.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 1579-1586
    • Safran, D.G.1    Tarlov, A.R.2    Rogers, W.H.3
  • 79
    • 0024327735 scopus 로고
    • Elderly patients' satisfaction with care under HMO versus private systems
    • Stein S.R., Linn M.W., Edelstein J., Stein E.M. Elderly patients' satisfaction with care under HMO versus private systems. South Med J. 82:1989;3-8.
    • (1989) South Med J , vol.82 , pp. 3-8
    • Stein, S.R.1    Linn, M.W.2    Edelstein, J.3    Stein, E.M.4
  • 80
    • 0027581617 scopus 로고
    • Physician frustration in communicating with patients
    • Levinson W., Stiles W.B., Inui T.S., Engle R. Physician frustration in communicating with patients. Med Care. 31:1993;285-295.
    • (1993) Med Care , vol.31 , pp. 285-295
    • Levinson, W.1    Stiles, W.B.2    Inui, T.S.3    Engle, R.4
  • 81
    • 84942950665 scopus 로고
    • Managed care plan performance since 1980: A literature analysis
    • Miller R.H., Luft H.S. Managed care plan performance since 1980 a literature analysis . JAMA. 271:1994;1512-1519.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 1512-1519
    • Miller, R.H.1    Luft, H.S.2
  • 82
    • 0029773862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in 4-year health outcomes for elderly and poor, chronically ill patients treated in HMO and fee-for-service systems: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study
    • Ware J.E., Bayliss M.S., Rogers W.H., Kosinski M., Tarlov A.R. Differences in 4-year health outcomes for elderly and poor, chronically ill patients treated in HMO and fee-for-service systems results from the Medical Outcomes Study . JAMA. 276:1996;1039-1047.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 1039-1047
    • Ware, J.E.1    Bayliss, M.S.2    Rogers, W.H.3    Kosinski, M.4    Tarlov, A.R.5
  • 83
    • 0022601251 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of health outcomes at a health maintenance organisation with those of fee-for-service care
    • Ware J.E., Brook R.H., Rogers W.H., et al. Comparison of health outcomes at a health maintenance organisation with those of fee-for-service care. Lancet. 1:1986;1017-1022.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1017-1022
    • Ware, J.E.1    Brook, R.H.2    Rogers, W.H.3
  • 84
    • 0028609282 scopus 로고
    • Home health care outcomes under capitated and fee-for-service payment
    • Shaugnessy P.W., Schlenker R.E., Hittle D.F. Home health care outcomes under capitated and fee-for-service payment. Health Care Fin Rev. 16:1994;187-221.
    • (1994) Health Care Fin Rev , vol.16 , pp. 187-221
    • Shaugnessy, P.W.1    Schlenker, R.E.2    Hittle, D.F.3
  • 85
    • 0022917494 scopus 로고
    • On the limits of expanding health care reform: Chronic care in prepaid settings
    • Schlesinger M. On the limits of expanding health care reform chronic care in prepaid settings . Milbank Quart. 64:1986;189-215.
    • (1986) Milbank Quart , vol.64 , pp. 189-215
    • Schlesinger, M.1
  • 86
    • 0029823555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The promise and performance of HMOs in improving outcomes in older adults
    • Wagner E.H. The promise and performance of HMOs in improving outcomes in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 44:1996;1251-1257.
    • (1996) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.44 , pp. 1251-1257
    • Wagner, E.H.1
  • 87
    • 0030839504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is managed care good or bad for geriatric medicine?
    • Lachs M.S., Ruchlin H.S. Is managed care good or bad for geriatric medicine? J Am Geriatr Soc. 45:1997;1123-1127.
    • (1997) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.45 , pp. 1123-1127
    • Lachs, M.S.1    Ruchlin, H.S.2
  • 89
    • 0017805611 scopus 로고
    • Formulating priorities for quality assurance activity
    • Williamson J.W. Formulating priorities for quality assurance activity. JAMA. 239:1978;631-637.
    • (1978) JAMA , vol.239 , pp. 631-637
    • Williamson, J.W.1
  • 90
    • 0023721998 scopus 로고
    • The quality of care: How can it be assessed?
    • Donabedian A. The quality of care how can it be assessed? JAMA. 260:1988;1743-1748.
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.260 , pp. 1743-1748
    • Donabedian, A.1
  • 91
  • 93
    • 0026562407 scopus 로고
    • The Delirium Symptom Interview: An interview for the detection of delirium symptoms in hospitalized patients
    • Albert M.S., Levkoff S.E., Reilly C.H., et al. The Delirium Symptom Interview an interview for the detection of delirium symptoms in hospitalized patients . J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 5:1992;14-21.
    • (1992) J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 14-21
    • Albert, M.S.1    Levkoff, S.E.2    Reilly, C.H.3
  • 94
    • 0024363004 scopus 로고
    • Health status assessment for elderly patients. Report of the Society of General Internal Medicine Task Force on Health Assessment
    • Rubenstein L.V., Calkins D.R., Greenfield S., et al. Health status assessment for elderly patients. Report of the Society of General Internal Medicine Task Force on Health Assessment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 37:1988;562-569.
    • (1988) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.37 , pp. 562-569
    • Rubenstein, L.V.1    Calkins, D.R.2    Greenfield, S.3
  • 95
    • 0025882721 scopus 로고
    • Screening for dementia and investigating its causes
    • Siu A.L. Screening for dementia and investigating its causes. Ann Intern Med. 115:1991;122-132.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 122-132
    • Siu, A.L.1
  • 96
    • 0028318166 scopus 로고
    • Preventive health services in adults
    • Sox H.C. Preventive health services in adults. NEJM. 330:1994;1589-1595.
    • (1994) NEJM , vol.330 , pp. 1589-1595
    • Sox, H.C.1
  • 97
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • The Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. The Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician . J Psychiatr Res. 12:1975;189-198.
    • (1975) J Psychiatr Res , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 99
    • 0030567924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the quality of care
    • Chassin M.R. Improving the quality of care. NEJM. 335:1996;1060-1063.
    • (1996) NEJM , vol.335 , pp. 1060-1063
    • Chassin, M.R.1
  • 100
    • 0029019093 scopus 로고
    • Shared risk factors for falls, incontinence and functional dependence: Unifying the approach to geriatric syndromes
    • Tinetti M.E., Inouye S.K., Gill T.M., Doucette J.T. Shared risk factors for falls, incontinence and functional dependence unifying the approach to geriatric syndromes . JAMA. 273:1995;1348-1353.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 1348-1353
    • Tinetti, M.E.1    Inouye, S.K.2    Gill, T.M.3    Doucette, J.T.4
  • 101
    • 0030154409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring and evaluating the delivery of services under managed care
    • Hadley J.P., Wolf L.F. Monitoring and evaluating the delivery of services under managed care. Health Care Fin Rev. 17:1996;1-4.
    • (1996) Health Care Fin Rev , vol.17 , pp. 1-4
    • Hadley, J.P.1    Wolf, L.F.2
  • 102
    • 0029809675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The National Committee for Quality Assurance
    • Iglehart J.K. The National Committee for Quality Assurance. NEJM. 13:1996;995-999.
    • (1996) NEJM , vol.13 , pp. 995-999
    • Iglehart, J.K.1
  • 103
    • 0013474253 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: Division of Health Care Services, Institute of Medicine
    • Lohr KN, ed. Medicare: A Strategy for Quality Assurance, vol. 1. Washington, DC: Division of Health Care Services, Institute of Medicine, 1990:138-206,405-406.
    • (1990) Medicare: A Strategy for Quality Assurance , vol.1 , pp. 138206-405406
    • Lohr, K.N.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.