The European critical levels for ozone: Improving their usage

Environmental Pollution

Volumn 105, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 163-173

  Grunhage L ^a   Jager H J ^a   Haenel, H D ^a   Lopmeier F J ^b   Hanewald, K ^c  

^a JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b DEUTSCHER WETTERDIENST   (Germany)

^c Hessian Agency for Environment and Geology   (Germany)

Author keywords

AOT40; Critical levels; Ozone; Pollutant absorbed dose; Soil vegetation atmosphere transfer models (SVATI); Yield loss

Indexed keywords

OZONE;

AIR ANALYSIS; CROP; DOSE CALCULATION; DOSE RESPONSE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EUROPE; REVIEW; VEGETATION;

TRITICUM AESTIVUM;

EID: 0033134648     PISSN: 02697491     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00029-9     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Becker K., Saurer M., Egger A., Fuhrer J. Sensitivity of white clover to ambient ozone in Switzerland. New Phytologist. 112:1989;235-243.
2. Bergmann, E., Bender, J., Weigel, H.-J., 1998. Zur Ozonempfindlichkeit von Wildpflanzenarten. Verlag Agrarökologie, Bern/Hannover.
3. Brutsaert, W., 1984. Evaporation into the Atmosphere, 2nd Edition. Reidel, Dordrecht.
4. Bugter, R.J.F., Tonneijck, A.E.G., 1990. Zichtbare beschadiging bij indicatorplanten in relatie tot ozon en zwaveldioxide. Rapport nr. R-89-10. Centre for Agrobiological Research, Institute for Plant Protection, Wageningen.
5. CEC, 1993. The European Open-Top Chamber Project: Assessment of the Effects of Air Pollutants on Agricultural Crops. Air Pollution Research Report 48. Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development, Brussels.
6. Dämmgen U., Grünhage L. Response of a grassland ecosystem to air pollutants. V. A toxicological model for the assessment of dose-response relationships for air pollutants and ecosystems. Environmental Pollution. 101:1998;375-380.
7. Erisman J.W., van Pul A., Wyers P. Parameterization of surface resistance for the quantification of atmospheric deposition of acidifying pollutants and ozone. Atmospheric Environment. 28:1994;2595-2607.
8. Fowler, D., Cape, J.N., 1982. Air pollutants in agriculture and horticulture. In: Unsworth, M.H., Ormrod, D.P. (Eds.), Effects of Gaseous Air Pollution in Agriculture and Horticulture. Butterworth Scientific, London, pp. 3-26.
9. Fuentes J.D., Gillespie T.J. A gas exchange system to study the effects of leaf surface wetness on the deposition of ozone. Atmospheric Environment. 26A:1992;1165-1173.
10. Fuentes J.D., Gillespie T.J., den Hartog G., Neumann H.H. Ozone deposition onto a deciduous forest during dry and wet conditions. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 62:1992;1-18.
11. Fuhrer, J., 1994. The critical level for ozone to protect agricultural crops - an assessment of data from European open-top chamber experiments. In: Fuhrer, J., Achermann, B. (Eds.), Critical Levels for Ozone - A UN-ECE Workshop Report. FAC Schriftenreihe (Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Agrikulturchemie und Umwelthygiene, Bern) No. 16, pp. 42-57.
12. Fuhrer, J., 1996. The critical level for effects of ozone on crops, and the transfer to mapping. In: Kärenlampi, L., Skärby, L. (Eds.), Critical Levels for Ozone in Europe: Testing and Finalizing the Concepts. UN-ECE Workshop Report. University of Kuopio, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kuopio, pp. 27-43.
13. Fuhrer J., Achermann B. Critical Levels for Ozone - A UN-ECE Workshop Report. FAC Schriftenreihe (Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Agrikulturchemie und Umwelthygiene Bern). 16:1994.
14. Fuhrer J., Skärby L., Ashmore M.R. Critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation in Europe. Environmental Pollution. 97:1997;91-106.
15. German standard VDI 2310 sheet 1, 1988. Aim and Significance of the Guidelines Maximum Immission Values. Beuth, Berlin.
16. Grünhage L., Haenel H.-D. PLATIN (PLant-ATmosphere INteraction) I: a model of plant-atmosphere interaction for estimating absorbed doses of gaseous air pollutants. Environmental Pollution. 98:1997;37-50.
17. Grünhage, L., Jäger, H.-J., 1999. Austausch von Stoffen zwischen Atmosphäre und Biosphäre. In: Guderian, R. (Ed.), Handbuch der Umweltveränderungen und Ökotoxikologie. Band II: Terrestrische Ökosysteme. Springer, Berlin (in press).
18. Grünhage L., Jäger H.-J., Haenel H.-D., Hanewald K., Krupa S. PLATIN (PLant-ATmosphere INteraction) II: co-occurrence of high ambient ozone concentrations and factors limiting plant absorbed dose. Environmental Pollution. 98:1997;51-60.
19. Guderian, R., 1985. Air Pollution by Photochemical Oxidants: Formation, Transport, Control, and Effects on Plants. Ecological Studies 52. Springer, Berlin.
20. Hicks B.B., Baldocchi D.D., Meyers T.P., Hosker R.P., Matt D.R. A preliminary multiple resistance routine for deriving dry deposition velocities from measured quantities. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 36:1987;311-330.
21. ICP-Crops Coordination Centre, 1998. Progress Report for the ICP-Crops (International Cooperative Programme on Effects of Air Pollution and Other Stresses on Crops and Non-Wood Plants) - August 1996 to August 1997. ICP-Crops Coordination Centre, The Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham.
22. Jäger, H.J., Unsworth, M., De Temmerman, L., Mathy, P., 1993. Effects of Air Pollution on Agricultural Crops in Europe: Results of the European Open-Top Chambers Project. Air Pollution Research Report 46. Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development, Brussels.
23. Kärenlampi, L., Skärby, L., 1996. Critical Levels for Ozone in Europe: Testing and Finalizing the Concepts. UN-ECE Workshop Report. University of Kuopio, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kuopio.
24. Kelliher F.M., Leuning R., Raupach M.R., Schulze E.-D. Maximum conductances for evaporation from global vegetation types. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 73:1995;1-16.
25. Kerstiens G., Lendzian K.J. Interactions between ozone and plant cuticles I. Ozone deposition and permeability. New Phytologist. 112:1989;13-19.
26. Kerstiens G., Federholzner R., Lendzian K.J. Dry deposition and cuticular uptake of pollutant gases. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 42:1992;239-253.
27. Kress L.W., Miller J.E., Smith H.J. Impact of ozone on winter wheat yield. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 25:1985;211-228.
28. Krupa S.V., Manning W.J. Atmospheric ozone: formation and effects on vegetation. Environmental Pollution. 50:1988;101-137.
29. Krupa, S.V., Tonneijck, A.E.G., Manning, W.J., 1998. Ozone. In: Flagler, R.B. (Ed.), Recognition of Air Pollution Injury to Vegetation: A Pictorial Atlas. Air and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA pp. 2.1-2.28.
30. Laisk A., Kull O., Moldau H. Ozone concentration in leaf intercellular air spaces is close to zero. Plant Physiology. 90:1989;1163-1167.
31. Legge A.H., Grünhage L., Nosal M., Jäger H.-J., Krupa S.V. Ambient ozone and adverse crop response: an evaluation of North American and European data as they relate to exposure indices and critical levels. Journal of Applied Botany. 69:1995;192-205.
32. Lendzian K.J., Kerstiens G. Sorption and transport of gases and vapors in plant cuticles. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 121:1991;65-128.
33. Löpmeier, F.-J., 1983. Agrarmeteorologisches Modell zur Berechnung der aktuellen Verdunstung (AMBAV). Beiträge zur Agrarmeteorologie 7/83. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach.
34. Löpmeier F.-J. Berechnung der Bodenfeuchte und Verdunstung mittels agrarmeteorologischer Modelle. Zeitschrift für Bewässerungswirtschaft. 29:1994;157-167.
35. Lyons T.M., Barnes J.D., Davison A.W. Relationships between ozone resistance and climate in European populations of Plantago major. New Phytologist. 136:1997;503-510.
36. Mills, G., Ball, G., 1998. ICP-Crops Annual Progress Report - September 1997 to August 1998. ICP-Crops Coordination Centre, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bangor Research Unit, University of Wales, Bangor.
37. Nagel, H.-D., Smiatek, G., Werner, B., 1994. Das Konzept der kritischen Eintragsraten als Möglichkeit zur Bestimmung von Umweltbelastungs- und -qualitätskriterien - Critical Loads and Critical Levels. Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart.
38. Pleijel H., Karlsson G.P., Danielsson H., Selldén G. Surface wetness enhances ozone deposition to a pasture canopy. Atmospheric Environment. 29:1995;3391-3393.
39. Rißmann J. Der Einfluß langwelliger Strahlungsprozesse auf das bodennahe Temperaturprofil. Wissenschaftliche Mittteilungen aus dem Institut für Meteorologie der Universität Leipzig und dem Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. Leipzig. 11:1998.
40. Runeckles, V.C., 1992. Uptake of ozone by vegetation. In: Lefohn, A.S. (Ed.), Surface Level Ozone Exposures and their Effects on Vegetation. Lewis, Chelsea, pp. 157-188.
41. Sehmel G.A. Particle and gas dry deposition: a review. Atmospheric Environment. 14:1980;983-1011.
42. Skärby, L., Selldén, G., Mortensen, L., Bender, J., Jones, M., De Temmerman, L., Wenzel, A., Fuhrer, J., 1993. Responses of cereals exposed to air pollutants in open-top chambers. In: Jäger, H.J., Unsworth, M., De Temmerman, L., Mathy, P. (Eds.), Effects of Air Pollution on Agricultural Crops in Europe: Results of the European Open-Top Chambers Project. Air Pollution Research Report 46. Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development, Brussels, pp. 241-259.
43. Tingey, D.T., Taylor, G.E., 1982. Variation in plant response to ozone: a conceptual model of physiological events. In: Unsworth, M.H., Ormrod, D.P. (Eds.), Effects of Gaseous Air Pollution in Agriculture and Horticulture. Butterworth Scientific, London, pp. 113-138.
44. Tingey, D.T., Andersen, C.P., 1991. The physiological basis of differential plant sensitivity to changes in atmospheric quality. In: Taylor, G.E., Pitelka, L.F., Clegg, M.T. (Eds.), Ecological Genetics and Air Pollution. Springer, New York, pp. 209-235.
45. Tottman D.R. The decimal code for the growth stages of cereals, with illustrations. Annals of Applied Biology. 110:1987;441-454.
46. US EPA, 1996. Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants, Vol. II. EPA/600/P-93/004bF. US Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC.
47. van Pul W.A.J., Jacobs A.F.G. The conductance of a maize crop and the underlying soil to ozone under various environmental conditions. Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 69:1994;83-99.
48. von Tiedemann A., Herrmann J.V. First record of grapevine oxidant stipple in Germany and effects of field treatments with ethylenediurea (EDU) and benomyl on the disease. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz. 99:1992;533-541.
49. Wang D., Hinckley M., Cumming A.B., Braatne J. A comparison of measured and modeled ozone uptake into plant leaves. Environmental Pollution. 89:1995;247-254.
50. Wesely M.L. Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models. Atmospheric Environment. 23:1989;1293-1304.
51. World Health Organization-Regional Office for Europe, 1996. Update and Revision of the WHO Air Quality Guidelines for Europe. Ecotoxic Effects. Ozone Effects on Vegetation. Final Draft, December 1996. European Centre for the Environment and Health, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
52. Zadoks J.C., Chang T.T., Konzak C.F. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research. 14:1974;415-421.